Southward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone due to Northern Hemisphere cooling at the Oligocene-Miocene boundary

Hyeong, Kiseong,Lee, Jongmin,Seo, Inah,Lee, Mi Jung,Yoo, Chan Min,Khim, Boo-Keun Geological Society of America 2014 Geology Vol.42 No.8

<P>The Mi-1 glaciation (ca. 23 Ma), which marks the Oligocene-Miocene boundary, was an aberrant cooling event that led to a build-up of the Antarctic ice sheet, which reached the near-modern volume (or greater) from its ephemeral or partial existence. An increase of ∼1‰ in the δ<SUP>18</SUP>O of benthic foraminifera during this interval has been attributed to the development of Antarctic ice sheets and deep-water cooling. Without definitive evidence, Northern Hemisphere (NH) glaciation has not been a material consideration for the δ<SUP>18</SUP>O increase. Here we investigate the interhemispheric temperature contrast during Mi-1, with the movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) at a site (10°31′N) in the East Pacific (Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site U1333), to understand NH cooling and the possibility of NH glaciation. The measured <SUP>143</SUP>Nd/<SUP>144</SUP>Nd, <SUP>87</SUP>Sr/<SUP>86</SUP>Sr, and clay mineral compositions of eolian dust fractions indicate unequivocally the deposition of Asian dust during Mi-1, and of Central American and South American dust before and after Mi-1. This is attributed to the southward displacement of the ITCZ over Site U1333 during Mi-1. The ITCZ shifts toward the warmer hemisphere. Thus our results suggest that the cooling during Mi-1 was more significant in the NH than in the Southern Hemisphere, which underwent a sudden expansion of continental ice sheets. Our data call for a forcing mechanism to drive significant NH cooling during this episode. Based on the available data, we propose that the widespread growth of NH ice sheets and/or changes in the production of North Atlantic–origin deep water could be possible causes of the NH cooling at that time.</P>

Identification of Genes Modulated by High Extracellular Calcium in Coculture of Mouse Osteoblasts and Bone Marrow Cells by Oligo Chip Assay

Kim, Hyung-Keun,Song, Mina,Jun, ji-Hae,Woo, Kyung-Mi,Kim, Gwan-Shik,Baek, Jeong-Hwa The Korean Academy of Oral Biology 2006 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.31 No.2

Calcium concentration in the bone resorption lacunae is high and is in the mM concentration range. Both osteoblast and osteoclast have calcium sensing receptor in the cell surface, suggesting the regulatory role of high extracellular calcium in bone merabolism. In vitro, high extracellular calcium stimulated osteoclastogenesis in coculture of mouse osteoblasts and bone marrow cells. Therefore we examined the genes that were commonly regulated by both high extracellular calcium and 1,25(OH)_(2)vitaminD_(3)(VD3) by using mouse oligo 11 K gene chip. In the presence of 10 mM[Ca^(2+)]e or 10 nM VD3, mouse calvarial osteoblasts and bone marrow cells were co-cultured for 4 days when tartrate resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells start to appear. Of 11,000 genes examined, the genes commonly regulated both by high extracellular calcium and by VD3 were as follows; 1) the expressions of genes which were osteoclast differentiation markers or were associated with osteoclastogenesis were up-regulated both by high extracellular calcium and by VD3; trap, mmp9, car2, ctsk, ckb, atp6b2, tm7sf4, rab7, 2) several chemokine and chemokine receptor genes such as sdf1, scya2, scyb5, scya6, scya8, scya9, and ccr1 were up-regulated both by high ectracellular calcium and by VD3, 3) the genes such as mmp1b, mmp3 and c3 which possibly stimulate bone resorption by osteoclast, were commonly up-regulated, 4) the gene such as c1q and msr2 which were related with macrophage function, were commonly down-regulated, 5) the genes which possibly stimulate osteoblast differentiation and/or mineralization of extracellular matrix, were commonly down-regulated;slc8a1, admr, plod2, lox, fosb, 6) the genes which possibly suppress osteoblast differentiation and/or mineralization of extracellular matrix, were commonly up-regulated;s100a4, npr3, mme, 7) the genes such as calponin 1 and tgfbi which possibly suppress osteoblast differentiation and/or mineralization of extracellular matrix, were up-regulated by high extracelluar calcium but were down-regulated by VD3. These results suggest that in coculture condition, both high extracellular calcium and VD3 commonly induce osteoclastogenesis but suppress osteoblast differentiation/mineralization by regulating the expression of related genes.

재소자를 위한 직업훈련 현황 및 원예치료 도입

김미선,서정근 한국식물인간환경학회 2001 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.4 No.2

Recently they prepare various improvements so that helps the prisoners re-socialization and returning to society more practically. We survey the Job-training Status in a prison and the possibility of introduction of Horticultural Therapy. It is our the result. The Ministry of Justice operated Job-training to prevent the second offense through stabilizing the life of the prisoner after release and to educate very skilled manpower required by high-industrialized society. We also investigated Job-training Status for the prisoners according to the types of crime and We expect that the curative functions of Horticultural Therapy are mental & emotional stability, intellectual satisfaction, exercise, sociality and relationship. The contents of Horticultural Therapy are Floriculture, Fruits & Greens Growing, Gardening, Aroma Therapy.

디지털 영상을 이용한 수복재의 변색에 관한 연구

이용근,이건일,임미경 대한치과기재학회 1996 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.23 No.2

The purpose of this study was to find correlations among the color differences measured by three methods. Those were 1) spectrophotometric method(Differential Colorimeter, Model TC-6FX, Denshoku, Japan), 2) digital image method-photographed by digital camera(KODAK Digital Camera 40, Kodak, U.S.A.) and processed by computer program(Adobe Photoshop 3.0), 3) 35 mm standard slide method-took photographic color slide, read using scanner(Nikon 35 mm Film scanner, LS-3510 AF, Nikon, Japan) and processed by computer program(Adobe Photoshop 3.0). The color of resin modified glass ionomers were determined in vitro before and after thermocycling for 500 to 2,000 cycles. The values of CIELAB ΔE*, L*, a*, b*, r, g, b, r*, g*,b* were analyzed to find correlations among them. From the experiment, the following results were obtained: 1. There were no statistically significant correlation among the values of CIELAB ΔE*, ΔC measured by digital camera and ΔC* measured by color slide and scanner (Sig. F>0.05). 2. There was a statistically significant correlation between the values of CIELAB L* and GR measured by digital camera(Sig. F=0), and some pairs showed significant correlation among CIELAB a*, b* value and r, g, b value determined by digital camera and r*, g*, b* value determined by color slide and scanner. 3. The values of r, g, b determined by digital camera, and the values of r*, g*, b* value determined by color slide and scanner showed significant correlation between each corresponding values (Sig. F=0). In this case, correlation coeffcient were 0.339-0.413. 4. In the same materials, the degree of color was different depending on the shades, and of some shades showed of materials clearly different color change depending the measuring method.

수복재의 적정 방사선 불투과도에 관한 연구

이용근,임미경,문상은,이건일 大韓齒科器材學會 1995 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.22 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of the radiopacity of composite resins, glass ionomers for filling and cements, and to determine the optimum level of radiopacity that is the most appropriate for the radiologic diagnosis of secondary caries. The experiments were performed in two parts. In the first part, the radiopacities of specimens of seven composite resins, two glass ionomers and four cements were measured by densitometer and those of the combined specimens were also measured. In the second part, caries was simulated by grooves of the depth of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0mm in aluminium blocks of 4mm. thick. Specimens of 2, 4, 6mm. thick were mounted on the caries simulation block, and the differences of radiopacities between caries portion and noncaries portion were analyzed. The following results were obtained : 1. The radiopacity of dental materials at 2mm thickness displayed a wide range of radiopacity, from 1.14 to 11.70mm. aluminium equivalents. 2. Most of the cements showed significantly higher radiopacity values of 8.78 to 11.70mm. aluminium equivalents, and those of ZPC were higher than any other materials used in this study. 3. Filling materials with radiopacity similar to enamel showed a tendency to have a sufficient degree of contrast facilitate the detection of underlying recurrent caries.

실습과제 수행에서의 웹 기반 소집단 토론학습이 학업성취도와 학업 만족도에 미치는 영향

주미숙,양현호,이성근 한국 가정과 교육 학회 2002 한국가정과교육학회지 Vol.14 No.1

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of Web-based small group discussion on the achievement and satisfaction in the practice-planning phase of Technology and Home Economy. The subject of this study consists of 68 students of a middle school. The group is divided into two subgroup, the Web-based discussion group and the face-to-face discussion group, each of which has 34 students. The achievement is estimated by individual reports, practice plans and the overall evaluation sheets. To estimate the satisfaction of students, the test sheets were used, together with the interviews of sampled students from both group. The results show that there is a statistically significant difference in the performance of practice between the two groups with the significant level of 0.05(p<0.05). There is also some difference in the satisfaction between the two groups.

화옹호의 부영양화 방지를 위한 영양염류 삭감률 산정

김미아,김영희,이홍근,황대호,김지영 한국물환경학회 2004 한국물환경학회지 Vol.20 No.6

In this study, the reduction rates of nutrients were suggested to prevent eutrophication on the Hwaong reservoir in the year of 2008 and 2012. With EPA's WASP6 model, future water quality were simulated. In 2008, T-N would be 1.36mg/L and T-P 0.100mg/L on average. ; In 2012, T-N 2.66mg/L and T-P 0.128mg/L. With all the water quality management plans that the government authorities are carrying out, these results indicate that the reservoir would be reach the eutrophic or hypertrophic state according to the Vollenweider's trophic states. Therefore, the Hwaong reservoir requires additional plans for nutrients management. Here, the target water quality to prevent eutrophication of the reservoir sets into mesotrophic state ; T-N 0.475mg/L and T-P 0.02mg/L.(median of Vollenweider index for mesotropphic state) The reduction rates of nutrients on Namyang and Eoeun streams were estimated with uniform treatment method to meet the goal. The results showed that nutrients from two streams should be reduced up to 78% in 2008, and 84% in 2012. Since the ratio of T-N/T-P would be higher than 16 at target years, T-N was not considered as the limiting factor and was not reduced.

분사처리 후 산부식 표면처리된 교정용 미니 임플랜트의 골유착능에 관한 연구

전미선,강윤구,모성서,이근혜,국윤아,김성훈 대한치과교정학회 2008 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.38 No.5

본 연구에서는 교정 치료 시 골내 고정원으로 사용되는 교정용 임플랜트의 표면처리 여부가 골유착능에 있어서 어떠한 효과를 보이는지 제거회전력의 측정을 통해 알아보고자 하였으며, 그에 따른 교정력 적용의 확장과 임상적 의의를 알아보고자 하였다. 실험군은 분사처리 후 산부식(Sand-blasted Large grit, and Acid etched, SLA) 표면 처리된 교정용 미니 임플랜트인 C-implant (Cimplant, Seoul, Korea)를 사용하였으며 대조군은 같은 디자인이지만 표면 처리를 하지 않은 평활면 C-implant를 사용하였다. 실험군과 대조군을 각각 2개씩 11마리의 가토 경골에 식립하였고 식립 후 6주에 가토를 희생시켜 제거회전력을 측정하여 t-test를 통하여 두 군의 제거회전력 차이의 통계적 유의성을 알아보았으며 조직표본을 만들어 조직소견을 관찰하였다. 실험결과 제거회전력은 SLA 처리한 C-implant 군이 평활면 C-implant 군보다 통계적으로 유의성 있게 높은 결과를 보였다 (p < 0.05). 평활면 C-implant 군의 평균 제거회전력 값은 4.614 Ncm이고, SLA C-implant 군의 평균 제거회전력 값은 6.286 Ncm로, SLA 군이 평활면 군보다 73% 더 높은 제거회전력에 대한 저항성을 나타내었다. 이상의 연구 결과에서 SLA 표면처리가 C-implant의 골유착능을 증가 시켰음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 표면 처리된 교정용 미니 임플랜트는 기존의 임플랜트에 비해 좀 더 강한 힘에 저항할 수 있으며 탈락률을 낮출 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the torque resistance to removal of sandblasted large grit and acid etched (SLA) surface treated orthodontic mini-implants and smooth surface orthodontic mini-implants as well as performing histologic observations. Methods: Two groups of custom screw shaped orthodontic mini-implants (C-implant, 1.8 mm outer diameter × 9.5 mm length, Cimplant, Seoul, Korea) were designated. 22 SLA treated C-implants (SLA group) and 22 machined surface C-implants (machined group) were placed in the tibia metaphysis of 11 adult New Zealand white rabbits. Following a 6-week healing period, the rabbits were sacrificed. Subsequently, the C-implants were removed under reverse torque rotation with a digital torque measuring device and independent t-test was performed. Selected tissues were prepared for histologic observation. Results: The SLA group presented a higher mean removal torque value (6.286 Ncm) than the machined group (4.491 Ncm) which was statistically significant (p < 0.005). Histologic observation revealed a trend of more new bone formation in contact with the screw surface in the SLA group than the smooth group. Conclusions: The results of this study suggested that SLA surface treatment can enhance the osseintegration potential for C-orthodontic mini-implants.

6-Sigma경영혁신기법 시행에 따른 방사선과 내부고객만족도의 변화

이근옥,박재성,강충환,김미영,김승식 한국의료QA학회 2005 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.12 No.1

Background : The concept of 'service' in a hospital is based on the quality of medical staffs who serve as customer-satisfying media, and this is what distinguishes general hospitals from other business corporations in which customer satisfaction is achieved through commercial products. Thus, the internal employee satisfaction is essential in the improvement of the 'service' and subsequent 'competitiveness' of a hospital. The purpose of this study is to establish internal marketing strategies for a general hospital through regular surveys on employee satisfaction. Method : Surveys on employee satisfaction in radiology department were conducted regularly twice a year in a university hospital with 800 beds 2001 in 2004. The subjects of this study were 35 employees who work in radiology department. The authors developed the questionnaires and the surveys were conducted initially during the first 6 months of the year. After necessary improvements were made by applying 6 Sigma techniques, subsequent surveys were conducted during the latter 6 months of the year and the degree of employee satisfaction was compared. Results : Overall satisfaction increased with a constant rate and the authors were able to assess that the hospital is being gradually stabilized. The degree of satisfaction assessed by multiple choices showed only minor changes. However, as a result of focusing on the demands put forth by the employees through the open questions, the degree of satisfaction increased gradually year after year. Conclusions : It is important to heighten the internal employee satisfaction systematically and harmoniously through the assessment on the demands of the internal customers and feedback-based communications between the management officers and the staffs. Continuous surveys on the internal employee satisfaction will serve to be valuable materials in the establishment of internal marketing strategies for a general hospital.

어린이의 저항트레이닝 처방에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대한 탐색

김수근,양미현,정동혁 圓光大學校 附設 體力科學硏究所 2003 體力科學硏究 Vol.26 No.1

The prescription of resistance training is both a science and an art. Ultimately, individualized training programs provide for optimal changes in the exercise prescription process and result in the best overall training response for the individual. Although guidelines can be given, the art of designing effective resistance training programs requires logical exercise prescription followed by evaluation, testing, and interaction with the trainee. Resistance training prescription is a dynamic process that requires the strength and conditioning professional to respond to the trainee's changing adaptation levels and functional capacities with altered program designs to meet the changing training goals. Resistance training of children has gained acceptance and popularity primarily because strength gains can occur, bone development may be enhanced, and injuries might be prevented in other sports and activities with developmentally appropriate training programs in recently. When designing a program, consider the developmental and physical differences among children, exercise tolerance, and safety issues so that acute and chronic injuries are minimized and the benefits to the participating children are maximized. When prescribed appropriately, resistance training is effective for developing physical fitness, health, wellness and for the prevention and rehabilitation of orthopedic injuries. Because resistance training is an integral component in the comprehensive health promotion program. We have reviewed the positive and negative aspects of children participation in resistance training programs. The benefits to children are reported to be increased strength, endurance, muscle capacity, and flexibility; more energy; and improved self-image and confidence. The negative aspects include some pain or stiffness and other nonspecific problems. The positive and negative aspects of resistance training are therefore very similar to those in adults populations. Scientific investigations have demonstrated that resistance training can be safely and successfully implemented in children. Proper design and progression of a resistance training program for children is vital to optimal benefits from resistance exercise.