Hospital readmissions for patients with prostate cancer are higher after radiotherapy than after prostatectomy

Arshvin Kesavan,Keeran Vickneson,Kesavan Esuvaranathan 대한비뇨의학회 2022 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.63 No.1

Purpose: To compare hospital readmissions, biochemical recurrence rates, incidence of metastasis, and cancer-specific and overall mortality for prostate cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy vs. radical prostatectomy. The secondary outcome was to identify patient and disease characteristics affecting physician’s choice of either therapy. Materials and Methods: A total of 297 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer between 2008 and 2014 were identified from a single academic center’s cancer database. Clinical information including age, ethnicity, comorbidities, prostate-specific antigen, Gleason score, stage, National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) risk group, biochemical recurrence, hospital readmissions, and survival outcomes were gathered and analyzed from ambulatory medical records until 2018. Results: Patients selected for radiotherapy were older and had more comorbidities and NCCN high-risk disease. Biochemical recurrence was higher after radical prostatectomy for locally advanced disease, 59.3% vs. 20.0% (p<0.001), favoring radiotherapy. Hospital readmission was higher for patients with locally advanced disease undergoing radiotherapy, 48.6% vs. 18.5% (p=0.002), and 35.2% vs. 19.7% (p=0.044) for those with localized disease, with most of these readmissions occurring 24 months after the initial therapy. Radiation proctitis and colitis were the most common complications after radiotherapy and accounted for 46.3% of readmissions. Conclusions: Selection of patients for radiotherapy instead of surgery was influenced by age, significant comorbidities, and NCCN high-risk disease. The incidence of treatment- or cancer-related hospital readmissions was significantly higher for patients undergoing radiotherapy compared with radical prostatectomy, especially for those with locally advanced prostate cancer. This information may be useful in guiding a patient’s choice of therapy.

Proteomic Investigation of Seed Storage Proteins Among Korean Soybean Cultivars

Kesavan Markkandan,Bong Soo Park,Soon Ho Choi1,Hak Soo Seo 한국작물학회 2010 한국작물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.04

and distribution of seed storage proteins are responsible for the quality of soybean and seed development. Among storage proteins, lipoxygenase isoforms (Mw. ~97 kDa) play a major role in the distinct bean flavor during storage. In this study, we compared three soybean elite cultivars viz., JIMPUM, JINPUM2 and TANMI2 (lipoxygenase null mutants, originated from Japan) along with WILLIAMS 82 (control plant, USA) to determine the seed storage proteins by proteomic approach. Phenotype of the mature seeds showed the variation in seed coat, color and appearance. Total seed proteins of the above cultivars were subjected to two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). The resulted protein profiling showed the intensity of the different quantitative spots varied among the four cultivars. We are now investigating by using other proteomic tool and the resulted difference in proteins may helpful in quality improvement or the functional roles in the seed development.

Profiling and identification of pregnancy-associated circulating microRNAs in dairy cattle

Kesavan Markkandan,안궁,이동진,김태일,당창권,홍송의,윤호백,임현주,홍창표 한국유전학회 2018 Genes & Genomics Vol.40 No.10

Holstein is one among the dairy cattle which provide higher milk yields than most other cattle breeds. Lack of high-accuracy, reliable methods for early detection of cattle pregnancy reduces overall productivity and constitutes a high economic burden to the dairy industry. The circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in exosomes could provide information and serve as potential biomarkers for livestock health and disease. However, the complexity of miRNA in response to cattle early pregnancy remains unknown. Hence, we collected blood samples of three healthy dairy cows of normal and 30 days of pregnancy, in order to further characterize the miRNA transcriptome profile. A high-throughput RNA-Seq approach detected 794 known and 2154 novel circulating miRNAs in six libraries. A total of 29 miRNAs in the 30 days of pregnancy group showed significant differences compared to the normal group. Further, bta-miR-450b, bta-miR-146b, bta-miR-26b and bta-miR-27b were upregulated which shown to be involved in preeclampsia, immune response and mammary gland development. GO enrichment analysis showed these target genes were involved in the metabolic process, signal transducer activity, and membrane etc., while KEGG analysis showed that these genes were enriched in membrane trafficking, chromosome and associated proteins, exosome and G protein-coupled receptors pathways. These results provide an experimental basis to reveal the potential role of miRNAs as biomarkers in early diagnosis of pregnancy and other molecular functions.

Potentiodynamic formation of diaminobenzene films on an electrochemically reduced graphene oxide surface: Determination of nitrite in water samples

Kesavan, Srinivasan,Kumar, Deivasigamani Ranjith,Baynosa, Marjorie Lara,Shim, Jae-Jin Elsevier 2018 Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for Vol.85 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>An electrode comprised of a polydiaminobenzene (p-DAB) film formed on electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) on a glassy carbon (GC) (p-DAB@ERGO/GC) was fabricated using a potentiodynamic method for the sensitive and selective determination of nitrite in the presence of a common interference. The p-DAB@ERGO/GC film-modified electrode surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The film fabrication was initiated via the NH<SUB>2</SUB> groups of DAB, which was confirmed by XPS from the peaks corresponding to NH (396.7eV), NH (399.4eV), NN (400.2eV), and N<SUP>+</SUP>H (402.2eV). The Raman spectra revealed the characteristic D and G bands at 1348 and 1595cm<SUP>−1</SUP>, respectively, which confirmed the fabrication of GO on the GC electrode, and the ratio of the D and G bands was increased after the electrochemical reduction of GO. The surface coverage of the modified electrode was 8.16×10<SUP>−11</SUP> molcm<SUP>−2</SUP>. The p-DAB@ERGO/GC film-modified electrode was used successfully for the determination of nitrite ions. The p-DAB@ERGO/GC film-modified electrode exhibited superior activity for the determination of nitrite compared to the bare GC and p-DAB@GC electrodes. The amperometric current increased linearly with increasing nitrite concentration from 7.0×10<SUP>−6</SUP> to 2.0×10<SUP>−2</SUP> M. The detection limit was 30nM (S/N=3). In addition, the modified electrode was used successfully to determine the nitrite ion concentration in the presence of a 100-fold excess of common interferents. The practical application of the modified electrode was demonstrated by determining the nitrite ion concentration in water samples.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Novel diaminobenzene film on ERGO was fabricated by potentiodynamic method. </LI> <LI> p-DAB@ERGO/GC shows excellent activity towards nitrite. </LI> <LI> The proposed sensor exhibits lowest detection limit and wide linear range. </LI> <LI> Modified electrode was successfully applied to the analysis in water samples. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Bacterial bug-out bags: outer membrane vesicles and their proteins and functions

Kesavan Dineshkumar,Vasudevan Aparna,Liang Wu,Jie Wan,Mohamod Hamed Abdelaziz,Zhaoliang Su,Shengjun Wang,Huaxi Xu 한국미생물학회 2020 The journal of microbiology Vol.58 No.7

Among the major bacterial secretions, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are significant and highly functional. The proteins and other biomolecules identified within OMVs provide new insights into the possible functions of OMVs in bacteria. OMVs are rich in proteins, nucleic acids, toxins and virulence factors that play a critical role in bacteria-host interactions. In this review, we discuss some proteins with multifunctional features from bacterial OMVs and their role involving the mechanisms of bacterial survival and defence. Proteins with moonlighting activities in OMVs are discussed based on their functions in bacteria. OMVs harbour many other proteins that are important, such as proteins involved in virulence, defence, and competition. Overall, OMVs are a power-packed aid for bacteria, harbouring many defensive and moonlighting proteins and acting as a survival kit in case of an emergency or as a defence weapon. In summary, OMVs can be defined as bug-out bags for bacterial defence and, therefore, survival.

Mechanical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(acrylic acid) hydrogel nanofibers incorporating POSS

( Kesavan Devarayan ),이은숙,뇌단운,서민강,김병석 한국공업화학회 2015 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.1

Poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA) is of particular interest, since it is highly soluble in water, biocompatible, easy to process, and optically transparent. However, in order to use in the area of biomedical application, the stability of PVA should be controlled in aqueous media, such as by crosslinking either chemically or physically. Electrospinning is a versatile technique for production of fibers having diameter ranging from sub-micro-to nano-meter with high surface area. In this study, we attempt to introduce new PVA/poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) composite hydrogel nanofibers incorporating polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane (POSS) prepared by electrospinning followed by simple thermal-treatment.

Flexible transparent electrodes based on PANi nanowire for supercapacitors

( Kesavan Devarayan ),최웅기,서민강,김영근,김병석 한국공업화학회 2015 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.1

Flexible and transparent electrodes based on in situ polymerization of PANi nanowires on nylon nanofiber-reinforced cellulose acetate thin film substrates were prepared in this study. The nylon nanofibers were electrospun followed by infiltration with cellulose acetate to get a highly transparent substrate. Then the PANi nanowires were grown uniformly on the transparent substrate by an in situ polymerization technique. The resulting thin films showed transparency maximum of 82% and sheet resistivity as low as 188 ohm/sq and a specific capacitance of 400 F/g.

Seed size: a priority trait in cereal crops

Kesavan, Markkandan,Song, Jong Tae,Seo, Hak Soo Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2013 Physiologia Plantarum Vol.147 No.2

<P>Crop production and productivity must be increased to provide a balanced diet for the global population. The entire genome sequences of crop species allow the elucidation of genes that regulate important traits related to the final crop seed yield, which frequently depends mainly on seed size. Seed size is a major factor that controls seed quantity and it is strongly affected by various biotic, abiotic and genetic factors. Epigenetic marks in the genome and phytohormones are also important factors affecting seed growth and development. Several genes are known to be involved in the control of seed size, but their interaction and functional characterization have yet to be resolved. In this review, we discuss the different factors that govern seed size in cereal crops and <I>Arabidopsis</I>.</P>

Applications of fiber optic sensors for structural health monitoring

Kesavan, K.,Ravisankar, K.,Parivallal, S.,Sreeshylam, P. Techno-Press 2005 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.1 No.4

Large and complex structures are being built now-a-days and, they are required to be functional even under extreme loading and environmental conditions. In order to meet the safety and maintenance demands, there is a need to build sensors integrated structural system, which can sense and provide necessary information about the structural response to complex loading and environment. Sophisticated tools have been developed for the design and construction of civil engineering structures. However, very little has been accomplished in the area of monitoring and rehabilitation. The employment of appropriate sensor is therefore crucial, and efforts must be directed towards non-destructive testing techniques that remain functional throughout the life of the structure. Fiber optic sensors are emerging as a superior non-destructive tool for evaluating the health of civil engineering structures. Flexibility, small in size and corrosion resistance of optical fibers allow them to be directly embedded in concrete structures. The inherent advantages of fiber optic sensors over conventional sensors include high resolution, ability to work in difficult environment, immunity from electromagnetic interference, large band width of signal, low noise and high sensitivity. This paper brings out the potential and current status of technology of fiber optic sensors for civil engineering applications. The importance of employing fiber optic sensors for health monitoring of civil engineering structures has been highlighted. Details of laboratory studies carried out on fiber optic strain sensors to assess their suitability for civil engineering applications are also covered.

Determination of tetracycline in the presence of major interference in human urine samples using polymelamine/electrochemically reduced graphene oxide modified electrode

Kesavan, S.,Kumar, D.R.,Lee, Y.R.,Shim, J.J. Elsevier Sequoia 2017 Sensors and actuators. B Chemical Vol.241 No.-

<P>A polymelamine (p-Mel) film on electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) on a glassy carbon (GC) electrode (p-Mel@ERGO/GC) was designed using a potentiodynamic method for the simultaneous and selective determination of tetracycline (TET) in the presence of a major interference, uric acid (UA). The modified surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The surface coverage of the modified electrode was found to be 3.98 x 10(-11) mol cm(-2). The modified p-Mel@ERGO/GC electrode not only enhanced the oxidation currents of the TET and UA, but also shifted their oxidation potential toward a less positive direction compared to the bare GC, GO/GC, ERGO/GC, and p-Mel/GC electrodes. The modified electrode was used effectively for the selective determination of TET in the presence of a 50-fold excess of UA. Differential pulse voltammetry revealed a detection limit of 5 mu M TET. The present modified electrode can be applied to the simultaneous determination of TET and UA in human urine samples. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of the simultaneous determination of TET and UA. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>