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Discrimination against Women Workers in Japan
Keiko KARUBE 계명대학교 사회과학연구소 2016 한국사회과학연구 Vol.35 No.2
This paper discusses discrimination against women workers in Japan. Japan ratified the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women in 1985. In April 1986, the Equal Employment Opportunity Act (EEOA), a law which stipulates equal treatment of women workers with men, became effective. The law was a major condition which enabled the Japanese government to ratify the UN Convention. More than thirty years have passed since then; however, Japanese women workers continue to face serious discrimination in the workplaces. To examine the causes of gender-based discrimination, I will first review the laws concerning women workers before 1985 and the drafting process of the EEOA. Second, I will illustrate how the EEOA influenced society and how employers have coped with the new law. Third, I will review the governmental campaigns and programs after 2008, a year that the Global Financial Crisis took place, to discuss whether they have effectively reduced discrimination against women workers. Finally, I will discuss a possible solution of discrimination against Japanese women workers.
Performance Improvement of Hybrid Search Engine for Wide and Sparse Rules
Keiko Endo,Yuji Yano,Shingo Ata,Ikuo Oka 대한전자공학회 2017 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.1
Network equipment uses hardware-based search methods for high-speed classification. In future networks, it is expected search hardware needs to find an entry from a large table which contains complex rules. Today, TCAM (Ternary Content Addressable Memory) is used widely as a search hardware in high-speed routers. However, it is difficult to increase the capacity of TCAM. We have proposed MDSE (Multi-Dimensional Search Engine) architecture that can search the large table with power saving. MDSE can be configured by a combination of the different search components. A component of MDSE needs search binary values in power saving. In this paper, we propose TACT (The Advanced Conceptional TCAM) structure optimized for binary long key search. TACT can be applied to a search block of MDSE. We implement MDSE configured by TACT on FPGA, and evaluate that the power consumption of TACT is 7.63 mA per 4 Kbits. Furthermore, we propose TT-HSE (TCAM + TACT Hybrid Search Engine) as MDSE configured by TCAM and TACT. We show that TT-HSE reduces the power consumption by 57.9% compared with MD-TCAM, using TACT performance and the table data generated by Classbenchv6 dataset.
( Keiko Grace Kobori ) 한국서양고대역사문화학회(구 한국서양고대사학회) 2020 서양고대사연구 Vol.59 No.-
Divination in ancient Rome is one of the most controversial issues that reveal the characteristics of Roman religion. In Roman religion, their priesthood was an official appointed for life but not hereditary. This paper will discuss three major priesthoods regarding divination in the Roman state. Firstly, augurs conduct a divination by flights of birds or feeding of fowls. Summoned by the Senate or magistrates, they ask for the will of deities regarding the matter through augury. Secondly, quindecimviri sacris faciundis, or fifteen men responsible for sacrifice, deal with not only sacrificial matters but also the Sibylline Books. When unusual phenomena are reported to the Senate to be determined as ill omens, they summon them to consult the Sibylline Books to find out which action incurs the wrath of deities and which ritual is necessary to appease them. Lastly, haruspex, which was originally Etruscan priesthood, conducts a divination by examining livers of sacrificial animals. If all livers show no abnormality, the sacrifice is thought to be accepted by deities. To sum up, the procedure of these priesthoods clarifies that Roman divination is not foretelling the unpredictable future but proceeded like legal procedures, which will be the distinctive characteristics of Roman religion.