ION IMPLANT UNIFORMITY MAPPING

Keenan, W. A.,Yarling, C. B. 대한전자공학회 1989 ICVC : International Conference on VLSI and CAD Vol.1 No.1

When ion implantation (I/I) was first introduced, implanter manufacturers' claims of 2% wafer-to-wafer repeatability and 2% wafer uniformity were beyond the precision of the measurement techniques then available to characterize the process. In the past ten years, however, implanter performance as well as process monitoring techniques have significantly improved. In addition, new monitoring techniques have been introduced. Five techniques are currently available for monitoring ion implant uniformity: sheet resistance, pulsed C-V, thermal wave, optical constant monitoring using ellipsometry, and optical densitometry. Sheet resistance and pulsed C-V are direct electrical measurements of the active dopant atoms. The other three techniques monitor dose by measuring the implant damage. Thermal wave and the optical constant technique measure the damage in the implanted wafer, whereas optical densitometry measures the damage in photoresist on a glass wafer. This paper will review each of these techniques and their relative merits. It will be clear from this presentation that the wise process engineer will use more than one of these techniques to monitor his ion implant equipment as well as the ion implantation process.

Analysis of Existing Designs for FPGA-Based Ultrasound Imaging Systems

Keenan Chatar,Marcus Lloyde George 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.9 No.7

The purpose of this paper is to compare, analyse and summarize the designs of existing emergency medical service ultrasound machines and evaluate the results obtained from each design to determine the most efficient and effective system. The medical ultrasound has been developed based off sonar technology and enables users to visualize the internal tissue structure of various biological organisms in real time. With the evolution and advances of analog technologies, digital processing and manufacturing, ultrasound systems can spread to different applications. In addition to this, as these technologies shrink in size and cost, they become more available to healthcare applications. Various designs for ultrasound systems are available, however the most efficient and effective design is not known. This paper seeks to compare and contrast three design choices and their produced results made in current literature and the produced results from the designs of portable ultrasound systems.

VALENCY AFFECTING RULES IN EXTENDED CATEGORIAL GRAMMAR

Edward L. Keenan,Timberlake, Alan 서울대학교 어학연구소 1985 語學硏究 Vol.21 No.4

An extension of categorial grammar is formally defined in which (C_1,…, C_n)/(D_1, …, D_n) is a category whenever the C_i and D_i occur. Expressions in such categories combine with those of category D, to form those of category C_i, all N≤i≤n. Within this framework we show how to formulate Valency Affecting Rules (VAR's) such as Passive, Causative, Raising to Object, etc. E.g. Passive is defined as a way of deriving P_n's (n place predicates) from P_(n+1)'s. So it has an n-tuple category as above in which for each i, D_i is an n + 1 place predicate category and C_i, is the appropriate n-place predicate category. (n place predicates, P_n's, are expressions which combine with those of an appropriate argument category A_n to from P_(n-1)'s. P_0 is identified with S).

Immediate weight-bearing is safe following lateral locked plate fixation of periprosthetic distal femoral fractures

( Oisin J. F. Keenan ),( Lauren A. Ross ),( Matthew Magill ),( Matthew Moran ),( Chloe E. H. Scott ) 대한슬관절학회 2021 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.33 No.-

Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether unrestricted weight-bearing as tolerated (WBAT) following lateral locking plate (LLP) fixation of periprosthetic distal femoral fractures (PDFFs) is associated with increased failure and reoperation, compared with restricted weight-bearing (RWB). Materials and methods: In a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients with unilateral PDFFs undergoing LLP fixation, patients prescribed WBAT were compared with those prescribed 6 weeks of RWB. The primary outcome measure was reoperation. Kaplan-Meier and Cox multivariable analyses were performed. Results: There were 43 patients (mean age 80.9 ± 11.7 years, body mass index 26.8 ± 5.7 kg/m² and 86.0% female): 28 WBAT and 15 RWB. There were more interprosthetic fractures in the RWB group (p = 0.040). Mean follow-up was 3.8 years (range 1.0-10.4). Eight patients (18.6%) underwent reoperation. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated no difference in 2-year survival between WBAT (80.6%, 95% CI 65.3-95.9) and RWB (83.3%, 95% CI 62.1-100.0; p = 0.54). Cox analysis showed increased reoperation risk with medial comminution (hazard ratio 10.7, 95% CI 1.5-80; p = 0.020) and decreased risk with anatomic reduction (hazard ratio 0.11, 95% CI 0.01-1.0; p = 0.046). Immediate weightbearing did not significantly affect the risk of reoperation compared with RWB (relative risk 1.03, 95% CI 0.61-1.74; p = 0.91). Conclusions: LLP fixation failure was associated with medial comminution and non-anatomic reductions, not with postoperative weight-bearing. Medial comminution should be managed with additional fixation. Weight-bearing restrictions additional to this appear unnecessary and should be avoided.

덕의 윤리학과 성윤리

제임스 F. 키넌(James F. Keenan),최성욱(번역자) 광주가톨릭대학교 신학연구소 2012 神學展望 Vol.- No.178

본고는 덕의 윤리학과 그리스도교 성윤리에 관한 연구이다. 최근의 성학대 추문들로부터 생겨난 논란들과 가톨릭 신앙에 입각한 성윤리에 대한 요청을 배경으로 삼고 있지만, 특정한 행위의 적법성 논쟁에 관여하기 보다는 덕의 윤리학의 관점에서 “어떤 사람이 되고자 하는가?” 라는 질문에서 시작한다. 현 시대의 그리스도교 성윤리를 재정립하기 위해서, 정결에 대해 논의하는데 이는 정결의 덕이 성윤리에서 도덕적 적합성의 경계를 마련하는데 중요한 역할을 해 왔기 때문이다 하지만 행위를 지나치게 강조했던 전통적인 성윤리는 현대의 첨예한 논란거리를 충분히 해결해 주지 못할 뿐더러, 도덕 교육에도 충분한 역할을 하지 못하고 있다. 덕의 윤리학은 어떤 행위가 허용되고 어떤 행위는 금지되어야 하는지를 묻는 대신에, 다음의 세 가지 핵심질문에 관심을 가진다. 우리는 누구인가?(Who are you?) 우리는 어떤 사람이 되어야 하는가?(Who ought we to become?) 그리고 어떻게 하면 그렇게 될 것인가?(How to get there?) 덕의 윤리학은 행위주체로서 인간이 가장 일상적인 삶의 자리에서 목적(end)을 향해 어떻게 성장하고 있는가에 관심을 가진다. 이러한 인간 본성에 관한 이해를 바탕으로 새로운 사추덕(四樞德, Cardinal Virtues)을 제안할 수 있겠는데, 우리는 보편적(generally)으로 관계하여 정의(Justice)에로 요청받고, 특별하게(specifically) 관계하는 존재로서 신의(Fidelity)에로 불림 받으며, 유일한(uniquely) 측면에서 관계하는 존재인 우리는 자기 배려(Self-care)를 필요로 한다. 이 주요한 덕목들을 연결해 주는 덕목이 지혜(Prudence)이다. 상기의 네 가지 주요 덕목을 그리스도교 성윤리에 적용시켜볼 때, 우리는 덕의 윤리학이 개인의 다양한 역사적 맥락에 관심을 두면서도 도덕적 객관성을 부인하지 않음을 알게 된다. 덕의 윤리학의 이런 특징은 다양한 문화를 넘나들며 다양한 주제들 안에서도 공통된 대화를 가능하게 한다. 그러므로 공평하고도 신뢰할만한 성윤리가 준비되길 원한다면, 덕의 윤리학을 기초로 한 성윤리를 발전시킬 필요가 있다. 본고는 특히 가톨릭 신앙의 공동체 일원으로서 자비로움과 더불어 정의, 신의, 자기 배려 그리고 지혜의 덕을 추구하는 사람이 되고자 하는 목표에서부터 시작할 것을 제안한다.

Comparative Advantage of the United States and South Korean Manmade Textile Industries

Shin, Eonyou,Keenan, Caitlyn,Karpova, Elena The Costume Culture Association 2016 Fashion, industry and education Vol.14 No.1

This study examined the comparative advantage of manmade textile (MMT) industries in the United States (US) and South Korea (SK). The Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) framework was used to assess the MMT industries' performance in both countries from 2004 to 2013. With the recent ratification of the United States-South Korea Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA), it is important to understand the current state of these industries. Using UN Comtrade export data, the RCA index values were calculated and analyzed for 27 MMT commodities, three aggregate groups, and the whole industry. It was found that SK had a consistent comparative advantage for the whole industry. Furthermore, SK had a larger number of products with a comparative advantage. The research findings indicate that the MMT industry in SK is likely to outperform the US following the complete ratification of the KORUS FTA.

Comparative Advantage of the United States and South Korean Manmade Textile Industries

( Eonyou Shin ),( Caitlyn Keenan ),( Elena Karpova ) 복식문화학회 2016 Fashion, industry and education Vol.14 No.1

This study examined the comparative advantage of manmade textile (MMT) industries in the United States (US) and South Korea (SK). The Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) framework was used to assess the MMT industries` performance in both countries from 2004 to 2013. With the recent ratification of the United States-South Korea Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA), it is important to understand the current state of these industries. Using UN Comtrade export data, the RCA index values were calculated and analyzed for 27 MMT commodities, three aggregate groups, and the whole industry. It was found that SK had a consistent comparative advantage for the whole industry. Furthermore, SK had a larger number of products with a comparative advantage. The research findings indicate that the MMT industry in SK is likely to outperform the US following the complete ratification of the KORUS FTA.

RAPID THERMAL PROCESSING CHARACTERIZATION

Yarling, C. B.,Keenan, W. A. 대한전자공학회 1989 ICVC : International Conference on VLSI and CAD Vol.1 No.1

The first application of rapid thermal processing (RTP) equipment was in annealing ion implanted silicon wafers. It was for this reason that until recently the equipment was referred to as rapid thermal anneal (RTA) equipment. As with ion implanters, two very important process parameters for RTP equipment are the repeatability and the uniformity. Sheet resistance mapping of ion implanted wafers has become a standard technique for monitoring the uniformity and repeatability of RTP equipment. Certain implants (species and dose) have been found to be very sensitive to the temperature distribution. High-dose (≥5E15 ions/ ㎠) arsenic wafers with a cap oxide are excellent vehicles for monitoring RTP equipment. Vendors' RTP equipment shows a characteristic fingerprint on their Rs maps, similar to the early maps of ion implant equipment. Maps from several RTP equipment round robins are presented that demonstrate problems with temperature distribution, chamber thermal memory, rapid edge cooling, and the heat sink effects at wafer supports. One problem associated with using ion implanted wafers to monitor RTP is the complex interaction between implant uniformity and RTP uniformity. It has been impossible to separate the contributions of the implanter and the RTP equipment in the final sheet resistance map. The traditional approach has been to furnace-anneal several wafers from a batch implant and verify that the uniformity is well below the expected RTP uniformity, say less than 0.5%. A new technique has been developed that provides the software to separate the implant uniformity from the RTP uniformity. This provides unambiguous results for the RTP and allows the use of implants with poorer or unknown uniformity.

Parent Perspectives of Diagnostic and Monitoring Tests Undertaken by Their Child with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Ho, Shaun Siong Chung,Keenan, Jacqueline Ilene,Day, Andrew Stewart The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology 2021 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.24 No.1

Purpose: To assess parent perspectives of the current and potential future tests for their child with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: New Zealand parents of a child with IBD were invited to complete an anonymous online survey. Experiences relating to their child's blood or faecal tests, medical imaging (abdominal ultrasound [US], abdominal computerised tomography [CT] and magnetic resonance enterography) and colonoscopy were collected. Perceived attitudes to potential future testing of urine, saliva, and breath, were sought. Results: Twenty-eight parents, 93% female completed the survey, and 86% were aged between 35 and 54 years. Baseline information was provided by parents for 27 of 28 children, 70.3% had Crohn's disease with a mean disease duration of 2.67 years. Blood tests were the most requested and completed tests, while CT was the least ordered and most refused test. Colonoscopy was rated as the least comfortable and generated the most worry. Explanation of test significantly improved parent's levels of understanding when their child had blood, faecal, imaging (US) or colonoscopy tests. Providing an explanation, test invasiveness and the impact of the blood results may have on their child's treatment significantly improved parents' comfort levels. However, explanation of colonoscopy generated a significant parental concerns. Saliva, urine and blood tests were chosen as the most preferred disease monitoring tests. Conclusion: Parents preferred any tests less invasive than colonoscopy for monitoring their child's IBD. Although providing explanation of their child's tests enhanced parents' understanding, it can also affect parents' levels of concern and comfort.

Comparison of Surface Gestures and Air Gestures for In-Vehicle Menu Navigation

Shawn Wu,Thomas Gable,Keenan May,Young Mi Choi,Bruce N. Walker 한국디자인학회 2016 디자인학연구 Vol.29 No.4