Comparison of Melanoma Subtypes among Korean Patients by Morphologic Features and Ultraviolet Exposure

( Hong Sun Jang ),( Jee Hung Kim ),( Kyu Hyun Park ),( Jae Seok Lee ),( Jung Min Bae ),( Byung Ho Oh ),( Sun Young Rha ),( Mi Ryung Roh ),( Kee Yang Chung ) 대한피부과학회 2014 Annals of Dermatology Vol.26 No.4

Background: Genetic alterations have been identified in melanomas according to different levels of sun exposure. Whereas the conventional morphology-based classification provides a clue for tumor growth and prognosis, the new classification by genetic alterations offers a basis for targeted therapy. Objective: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the biological behavior of melanoma subtypes and compare the two classifications in the Korean population. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on patients found to have malignant melanoma in Severance Hospital from 2005 to 2012. Age, sex, location of the tumor, histologic subtype, tumor depth, ulceration, lymph node invasion, visceral organ metastasis, and overall survival were evaluated. Results: Of the 206 cases, the most common type was acral melanoma (n=94, 45.6%), followed by nonchronic sun damage-induced melanoma (n=43, 20.9%), and mucosal melanoma (n=40, 19.4%). Twenty-one patients (10.2%) had the chronic sun-damaged type, whereas eight patients (3.9%) had tumors of unknown primary origin. Lentigo maligna melanoma was newly classified as the chronic sun-damaged type, and acral lentiginous melanoma as the acral type. More than half of the superficial spreading melanomas were newly grouped as nonchronic sun-damaged melanomas, whereas nodular melanoma was rather evenly distributed. Conclusion: The distribution of melanomas was largely similar in both the morphology-based and sun exposure-based classifications, and in both classifications, mucosal melanoma had the worst 5-year survival owing to its tumor thickness and advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. (Ann Dermatol 26(4) 485~490, 2014)

종달리 소금의 상품화 방안

홍선기(Sun-kee Hong) 제주학회 2017 제주학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2017 No.2

The so-called senary industry (or the sixth-level industry) refers to the industrial consolidation for increased efficiency that takes place between selected areas from the primary sector (including agriculture, forestry, and fisheries), the secondary sector (including the manufacture of goods and processing of raw materials) and the tertiary sector (including the provision of services and distribution of goods). Japan has already utilized its various seafood to produce a range of senary products since the early 2000s as a measure of regional revitalization. It works to create added value by focusing on the production of small commodities and multiple items and by adding local specialty associated with regional indigenous industries to the products. In particular, Japan has nurtured its senary sector with a focus on raw materials such as salt and salt-based items as a way of highlighting the local specialty of the production sites and promoting the products as premium. Although the method of producing sun-dried salt (as it is dried in the mud flats in Korea) disappeared, Japan still produces and sells salt in other various ways. Since 2002, salt has been traded and imported without any restrictions, leading to free distribution of salt from overseas production sites. The growing popularity of natural food and the increased recognition of imported salt required administrative guidance on the safety and quality of the products for the protection of consumers. In this sense, Japan legislated the ‘Fair Competition Act on Display of Edible Salt’ and mandated the sales of salt with the related accreditation labeled. Salt products currently manufactured and sold in Japan are grouped and categorized based on type, such as rock-salt, sea salt, special salt from overseas, and more, featuring some 150 different items. Vol. 3 of the Chronicle of Korean Fisheries (1910) documented the record from 1573 (mid-Joseon era) where then-Jeju Governor Kang Yeo designated the mud flat of the village of Jongdal-ri as a suitable salt field. He then sent a community leader to the Korean mainland who later returned with knowledge on how to produce salt and shared it with the villagers. Later historic records show that 353 households in the 1900s included nearly 160 residents involved in salt production, with 46 kilns used to boil brine. Instead of sun-drying the salt, the villagers poured seawater onto the sand to melt the bittern and boiled the brackish water in the traditional caldron. Jeju is a tourist destination and has the potential to develop a range of cultural products using its UNESCO Natural Heritage title. Although there is no longer salt production in Jongdal-ri, this could change. If Jeju succeeds in restoring production techniques and reviving the artisan high-quality salt industry, it can presumably produce an island-specific salt that is different from the mudflat-based ones of Jeollanamdo (a province in the southwest of Korea). It may be a good strategy for regional revitalization to bring recognition to Jongdal-ri of Jeju by producing artisan, high-quality salt in small yield rather than in abundance.

집단적 치유와 제의로서 북한 영화 : <자강도 사람들>을 중심으로

전영선 ( Young Sun Jeon ),권정기 ( Jeon Kee Kwon ) 북한연구학회 2013 北韓硏究學會報 Vol.17 No.1

?집단적 치유와 제의로서 북한영화 읽기?는 영화 <자강도 사람들>이 집단적 치유와 국가적 의례로서 제작 되었음을 밝히는 데 목적이 있다. <자강도 사람들>은 2000년 조선예술영화촬영소에서 제작되어, 2001년에 개봉되었다. 2001년 5월에는 조선중앙TV를 통해 방영되었다. <자강도 사람들>은 1990년대중반 이른바 ``고난의 행군`` 자강도의 발전소 건설 과정을 다룬 영화이다. 이 영화에서 주목되는 것은 ``고난의 행군``을정면으로 다루었다는 것이다. 북한 문학 예술에서 ``고난의 행군``을 다룬 작품은 많지 않다. 1990년대 중반의 위기 상황은 북한 전체가 겪어야 했던 집단적 위기 상황이었다. 식량난, 자원난, 외화난으로 인해 수만에서 수십만의 죽음이 있었다. 영화에서도 고난의 행군 시기 자강도 사람들이 겪었던 문제를 정면으로 드러낸다. 먹을 것을 찾아 눈 덮인 벌판을 헤매다 죽은 정만호는 <자강도 사람들>을 상징한다. 북한 영화에서 죽음은 수령이나 체제를 위한 헌신적인 희생으로 그려졌다. 북한 영화에서 먹을 것이 없어 눈밭을 헤매다 죽는 장면은 거의 없다. 눈보라 치는 험한 환경도 극복해야 할 대상으로 상징되기 때문이다. 그 만큼 고난의 행군 시기 북한이 겪어야 했던 고난이 어려웠음을 보여준다. 정만호 뿐만 아니라 병실에서 암으로 죽어가면서도 약이 없어 치료받지 못하는 발전소 건설단의 여단장인 강호성의 아내 리선희, 발전소 건설을 위해 굴착작업에 나선 노동자들에게 옥수수 알갱이 40알을 확인하고 주어야 하는 처녀대원들의 모습은 고난의 행군에 대한 사실적인 고백이다. 예술이 국가의 절대적인 영향과 통제 안에서 이루어지는 북한에서 이런 영화를 만들고 방영한 이유는 무엇일까. 이 글에서는 집단적 치유를 명분으로 한 북한 체제의 자기 서사의 회복을 위한 과정으로 분석한다. 고난의 행군은 북한 당국의 이름으로 명명된 것이었기에 고난의 행군이 끝났음을 의미하는 집단적 문화의식이 필요하였다. 2000년 들어 북한 당국이 강조한 강성대국 건설이라는 목표는 고난의 행군에 대한 출구 없이는 설득력을 갖기 어려웠다. 고난의 행군이 완전하게 종결되었음을 선언하는 문화적 행위가 필요하였다. ``고난의 행군``이라는 집단적 트라우마로부터 벗어났음을 확인하는 집단적 치유 과정이 필요하였다. 고난의 행군의 원인을 제시하고 결과로서 승리하는 과정을 보여줌으로써 고난의 행군 트라우마에서 공식적으로 벗어 났음을 선언하는 것이다. 이 과정은 비판적 기억의 재구성 과정이 아니었다. 북한체제의 개입으로 진행된 집단적 기억의 재구성 과정이었다. 영화를 통해 고난의 행군에 대한 ``집단적 기억의 재구성``이 이루어진 것이었다. 드러내기는 불편하지만 반드시 지나갔음을 선언해야만 하는 ``고난의 행군``에 대한 문화적이고 의례적인 종식 선언이 바로 <자강도 사람들>이었던 것이다. The purpose of ?Reading North Korean Film as Collective Treatment and Suggestion?is to illuminate that the film <People of Jagang-do> was produced for collective treatment and as a national occasion. <People of Jagang-do> was produced by Joseon Arts Movie Studio in 2000, and released in 2001. In May of 2001, it was broadcasted through the Joseon Central TV. <People of Jagang-do> is a movie that pictures the construction process of a power plant in Jagang-do during the period of the ``Arduous March`` during the mid-1990s. The significance of this movie is that it directly issued the theme of the ``Arduous March``. Among North Korean art and literature, there are not many works handling the theme of the ``Arduous March``. The crisis during the mid-1990s was a collective experience that influenced all of North Korea. Food crisis, resource crisis, and foreign currency crisis resulted in tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of death. Likewise, in the movie, the problems that the people of Jagang-do had to face during the period of the ``Arudous March`` are explicitly revealed. Chung Man-ho, who died while wandering around snow-covered fields to find food, is a symbolic representation of the <People of Jagang-do>. In North Korean movies, death is commonly portrayed as devoted sacrifice for their leader or the social system. In North Korean films, there are hardly any scenes with people dying in snow-covered fields in the process of searching for food. Hazardous environment such as a snow storm would be perceived as a symbolic hardship that needs to be overcome. This implies that the adversity North Korea had to go through during the ``Arduous March`` was tormenting. Not only Chung Man-ho but also the features of Lee Sun-hee, the wife of the power plant construction brigade commander Kang Ho-seong, who had to die of cancer with the lack of medication; and young female workers, who had to make sure the workers of the power plant excavation construction each received 40 seeds of corn, are a realistic confession of the ``Arduous March``. What could be the motives of North Korea to produce and broadcast this film, considering that art activity is usually allowed only under the absolute influence and control of the government. In this paper, it is analyzed as a process for restoration of the self-narrative epic of North Korean social system under the pretext of collective treatment. As the ``Arduous March`` was named by the North Korean authorities, there was a need to form a collective cultural consciousness signify- ing the end of the ``Arduous March``. The goal of building a strong and prosperous nation, increasingly emphasized since 2000, could not be persuasive without finding the exit to the ``Arduous March``. Thus, there was a need for a cultural act to announce the complete end of the ``Arduous March``. A collective treatment process to confirm the escape from collective trauma of the ``Arduous March`` was necessary. By suggesting the causes of the ``Arduous March`` and showing the process of winning as the result, it is to announce that they have officially overcome the collective trauma of the ``Arudous March``. This process was not a critical reconstruction process of memory. It was a reconstruction process of collective memory influenced under the intervention of the North Korean social system. The ``reconstruction of collective memory`` regarding the ``Arduous March`` was achieved through the movie. Although it was disturbing to reveal, the passing of the ``Arduous March`` had to be proclaimed, and the cultural and ritual announcement to mark the end of the ``Arduous March`` happened to be precisely the <People of Jagang-do>.

Molecular identification of the strains of the domestic silkworm, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), which are endemic to Korea, based on single nucleotide polymorphisms in mitochondrial genome sequences

Park Jeong Sun,Kim Min Jee,Kim Seong-Wan,Kim Kee-Young,Kim Seong-Ryul,김익수 한국응용곤충학회 2022 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.25 No.2

The domestic silkworm, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), has been diversified into various strains over a long period. However, methods to distinguish silkworm strains remain limited partially owing to the genetic similarity caused by the long history of domestication. In this study, we developed molecular identification methods to distinguish three domestic silkworm strains, which are endemic to Korea. By comparing publicly available complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequences of five endemic strains and 34 stock silk worm strains analyzed in a previous study, we detected 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; SNP1–SNP15), which distinguished the following three endemic strains: Sun7ho (SN7), Sandongsammyeon (SDS), and Sammyeonhonghoeback (SMH). We used two SNPs for each strain to identify the three endemic strains. To distinguish each SN7 and SDS from the remaining four endemic and 34 stock strains, the PCRrestriction fragment length polymorphism method was employed using Acu I and Hpa I restriction enzymes, which recognize SNP1 and SNP8, respectively. Additionally, the tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system PCR method was used to determine the regions containing SNP3, SNP11, and both SNP14 and SNP15 to distinguish SN7, SDS, and SMH, respectively, from the remaining strains. A validation test with additional in dividuals showed that each target strain was clearly recognized, suggesting that mitogenome SNP-based methods can be used to identify three endemic silkworm strains during culture and breeding.

여성 외음부에 발생한 선상 편평상피세포암종

김창옥,양기화,강석진,이안희,김병기,김선무 대한병리학회 1991 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.25 No.1

하악 무치악 부위의 임플란트 이식을 위한 전산화단층촬영 영상의 비교 평가

선경훈,정호걸,박혁,박창서,김기덕 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2009 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.39 No.1

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of the recently developed multi-detector computed tomography and cone beam computed tomography in pre-operative implant evaluation, by comparing them with the single detector computed tomography, already confirmed for accuracy in this area. Materials and Methods : Five partially edentulous dry human mandibles, with 1×1 mm gutta percha cones, placed in 5 mm intervals posterior to the mental foramen on each side of the buccal part of the mandible, were used in this study. They were scanned as follows: 1) Single detector computed tomography: slice thickness 1 mm, 200 mA, 120 kV 2) Multi-detector computed tomography: slice thickness 0.75 mm, 250 mA, 120 kV 3) Cone beam computed tomography: 15 mAs, 120 kV Axial images acquired from three computed tomographies were transferred to personal computer, and then reformatted cross-sectional images were generated using V-Implant 2.0 (CyberMed Inc., Seoul, Korea) software. Among the cross-sectional images of the gutta percha cone, placed in the buccal body of the mandible, the most precise cross section was selected as the measuring point and the distance from the most superior border of the mandibular canal to the alveolar crest was measured and analyzed 10 times by a dentist. Results : There were no significant intraobserver differences in the distance from the most superior border of the mandibular canal to the alveolar crest (p>0.05). There were no significant differences among single detector computed tomography, multi-detector computed tomography and cone beam computed tomography in the distance from the most superior border of the mandibular canal to the alveolar crest (p>0.05). Conclusion : Multi-detector computed tomography and cone beam computed tomography are clinically useful in the evaluation of pre-operative site for mandibular dental implants, with consideration for radiation exposure dose and scanning time.

생물반응기를 이용한 국화 기내 배양 시 환경조건이 식물체 증식 및 품질에 미치는 영향

김선자,한은주,백기엽 충북대학교 첨단원예기술개발연구센터 2000 연구보고서 Vol.5 No.-

한일 말차(抹茶)의 클로로필 함량 및 패턴 비교

김기선,고즈쿠에 노부유키,한재숙 동아시아식생활학회 2003 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.13 No.6

This research used High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC) to analyze and compare the content and the pattern of chlorophyll to find the difference in quality, water temperature, and the stirring time between the three different types of Korean and Japanese powder green tea, which were currently on the market. Chlorophyll contents of Japanese-made medium quality tea (S5; 8.34㎎/g), and low quality tea (S6; 8.23㎎/g) were relatively high, and that of Korean-made medium quality tea (S2 ; 4.87㎎/g) was lower. The water temperature of 85℃ and 95℃ were high except in Korean-made medium and low quality powder green tea (S2 and S3). Japanese-made powder tea required 60 seconds of stirring time and Korean-made tea required 15 seconds, but 30 seconds seem to be the ideal stirring time for both of them. Chlorophyll a, b, pheophytin a, b, and pheophorbide were confirmed from the chlorophyll pattern. There were 1.5~2 times more of chlorophyll a in Japanese-made one compared to that of Korean-made one; also 1.5 ~2 times more of pheophytin a in Korean-made one than Japanese-made one. It might be concluded that Japanese-made powder green tea was higher in quality.

表面活性化法에 의한 異種材料의 低溫接合에 관한 硏究

임선빈,최병기,기준호,장만 朝鮮大學校 機械技術硏究所 1999 機械技術硏究 Vol.2 No.1

본 논문은 서로 다른 재료를 표면활성화법을 이용하여 저온에서 접합할 목적으로 이들 재료의 접합 가능성을 검토하고 이들 접합계면에서의 접합 메카니즘을 검토할 목적으로 연구하였으며 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 10-7 Torr대의 진공도에서도 알루미늄은 알루미나, 질화 알루미늄, 질화규소, 지르코늄 등의 세라믹스와 양호한 접합이 가능하였다. 2) 알루미늄, 동, 은은 같은 금속끼리의 접합이 가능하였고, 또 알루미늄과 동의 이종재료의 접합도 가능하였다. 3) 실리콘은 알루미늄, 동, 은, 금 등과의 접합 실험결과 모든 금속과 접합이 가능하였다. In this paper considered it possible to bond different materials in low temperature using surface activated method. To do so, it was examined the possibility of bonding different materials and applied the bonding mechanism on the bonding surface. The followings are the result. 1) It was possible that aluminum could be bonded well with ceramics such as alumina, nitrification aluminum, nitrification silicon, and zirconium at the vaccum level of 10-7 Torr. 2) It was possible that aluminum, copper, and copper could be bonded with each other and aluminum and copper could be bonded with other metals. 3) Silicon was bonded with aluminum, copper, silver, and gold which were tested before.

영어 화제와 초점의 억양 실현 양상

강선미,옥유름,김기호 한국음성과학회 2003 음성과학 Vol.10 No.4

This paper investigates the tonal patterns of English infomation structure composed of topic and focus. It has been argued in previous theories that there is a significant relationship between English topic-focus structure and intonation. The English topic is marked with L+H* pitch accent and focus is marked with H* pitch accent These theories, however, are oversimplified ones since they do not consider the contextual differences of topic and focus. To examine more concrete tonal patterns of English topic and focus, we classified topic into two subcategories of reminding topic and oldinformation topic. Focus was categorized into three: information focus, contrastive focus, and reference focus. The overall results show that native English speakers are inclined to use both the L+H* and H* pitch accent for the topic and focus of an utterance. We also observe a tendency to deaccentuate the topics given as old information and to mark the topics given as noun phrase with H* pitch accent. As for the intonation of focus, H* pitch accent is the most frequent type of accent, but L+H* also shows a high percentage of implementation especially in the context of correction or contrast.