축산분뇨에 의한 환경오염 방지를 위한 영양관리

백인기 中央大學校 食糧資源硏究所 1995 食糧資源硏究所 論文集 Vol.7 No.1

축산업이 장기적으로 지속적인 발전을 하기 위해서는 환경적으로 건전하여야 한다. 가축 분뇨를 처리하기 위한 방안들 중에서 가장 먼저 고려해야 할 것은 환경적으로 건전한 사양관리체계와 사료를 개발하므로써 처치해야 할 영양소의 배설을 최소화하는 것이다. 아미노산, 성장촉진제, 효소제 등을 사료에 첨가하거나 期間飼養, 가축요구량을 초과하지 않는 영양소 공급, 소화율이 높은 원료 선택 등의 방법을 통하여 영양소의 배설량을 줄일 수 있다. 특히 효소제의 개발과 이용이 활발해 짐에 따라 다양한 제품과 응용기법이 개발되고 있다. 미생물로부터 생산되는 비전분성다당류(NSP)분해효소들인 xylanase, β-glucanase, cellulase와 phytate 분해효소인 phytase가 실용화되고 있다. NSP분해효소들은 排糞量과 질소(N)의 배설량을 줄이며 phytase는 인(P)의 배설량을 감소시킨다. NSP분해효소들을 밀, 보리, 호밀 등의 곡류사료와 사용시는 열량 및 다른 영양소들의 이용율을 높이기 때문에 경제성이 있다. 그러나 phytase의 사용은 유기태 인의 이용율개선에 따른 인산칼슘 절감효과만으로는 경제성이 없으므로 한경오염방지 차원에서 의무적인 사용방안이 강구되어야 할 것이다. 질소와 인 뿐만이 아니라 가리(K)를 비롯한 구리(Cu) 등 다른 광물질의 토양축적방지대책과 가축배설물로부터 발생하는 냄새, 파리 등의 문제점들을 영양적으로 해결하는 방안들이 개발되고 있다. Feeding strategy, that is, nutritional management is the beginning point in reducing environmental pollution from animal wastes. In the past, feeding program and diet formulations were aimed at maximizing production performance without special concern for nutrient oversupply. Environmental constraints now necessitate a close adjustment of nutrient supply to requirements so as to obtain the lowest level of nutrient excretion. There are measures that can be taken to reduce the amount of pollutants excreted by farm animals, particularly N and P in poultry and swine. Some feed additives can be used to control odour from manure. Minerals in special forms can be used at lower levels than those in inorganic forms, resulting in reduced excretion of minerals. The potential reductions in N and P pollution that could be achieved by employing the various measures are shown in Table 1. <Table 1> Potential effects of nutritional strategies to reduce the N and P content of manure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Factors Estimated % Reduction in Manure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- N P -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Supplements ; Synthetic amino acids and reduced protein in feeds 20 -25 Enzymes - Cellulases 5 Phytases 25 - 30 Growth promoting substances 5 5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Systems ; Formulation closer to requirements 10 -15 10 -15 Phase feeding 10 10 Use of Highly digestible raw materials 5 5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Federation Europeenne des Fabricants d'Adjuvants pour la Nutrition Animale, 1992) The principles of nutritional management for the feeding of poultry and livestock to limit the impact of animal manure on the environment can be summarized as followings(Blair and Jacob, 1995) ·Use superior stock so that they grow fast and convert the dietary nutrients efficiently. ·Formulate diets as close as possible to requirements, and avoid excesses that will show up in the manure. ·Use highly digestible feeds. ·Keep the animals as healthy as possible and raise them according to approved management procedures ·Use approved growth promoters. ·Maximize the inclusion of amino acids in diets to allow the dietary protein(N) to be minimized. ·Use supplemental enzymes in the feed to allow for better digestion of the nutrients(particularly P) and thus their reduction in the manure. Some enzymes also have the benefit of reducing the total amount of manure excreted. ·Phase-feed animals, i.e. use diets tailored to their stage of production. This avoids over-feeding and the excretion of unwanted nutrients in the manure.

학교와 학원의 비교를 통해 본 청소년의 플로우 및 내적경험

김기옥,현은자,최인수,유현정 대한가정학회 2004 Human Ecology Research(HER) Vol.42 No.4

The purpose of this study was to compare the school life of Korean high school students between public and proprietary schools, especially focused on their internal experience and flow. Internal experiences were composed of three dimensions: emotion, cognitive efficiency, and satisfaction. Flow was classified into four conditions: apathy, boredom, anxiety, and flow. The study results are: 1. Korean high school students felt more flow when they were in public school than in proprietary school,. In public school, they felt relatively more bored, and on the other hand, they were relatively more anxious in proprietary school. 2. Korean high school students felt more positive emotions when they were in public school than in proprietary school. 3. Korean high school students were more involved into study when they were in public school than in proprietary school. 4. Korean high school students were more satisfied when they were in public school than in proprietary school.

3차원 뇌자기공명영상을 이용한 강박증의 뇌형태학적 연구

공석원,송인창,한문희,장기현,류인균,권준수 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.6

연구 목적 : 강박증의 생물학적 원인으로 전두엽-선조체 회로의 이상이 알려져 있다. 그러나 형태학적 뇌영상을 이용한 기존의 연구는 전두엽과 미상핵의 용적 변화에 대한 일관된 결과가 없었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 선형변환을 통한 반자동화된 방법을 이용하여 뇌의 각부위에 대한 형태학적 연구를 위하여 시행되었다. 방 법 : DSM-IV의 기준에 의해 진단한 13명의 강박증 환자와 9명의 정상대조군을 대상으로 하였다. 3차원 뇌자기공명영상을 Spoiled gradient-recalled(SPGR)법으로 얻었다. 3차원으로 재구성된 뇌자기공명영상을 Talairach와 Tournoux의 표준화 좌표에 공간적 정위시킨 후 회질과 백직을 반자동화된 방법으로 분리하였다. 죄표에 의거한 뇌엽의 각 부위에 대한 용적 측정을 하고, 미상핵은 수기로 구획한 후 용적측정을 하였다. 전두엽은 Brodman 의 영역에 의거하여 좌표계에 따른 분할을 하여 배외측전두엽, 안와전두엽, 내측전두엽으로 분할 구획하여 용적을 측정하였다. 결 과 : 강박증군에서 전두엽 회질의 용적이 증가되는 경향을 나타내었다. 다른 부위의 회질과 백질 그리고 미상핵의 용적은 차이가 없었다. 편측성에 의한 차이도 없었으며, 임상적 심각도와 상관관계는 관찰되지 않았다. 결 론 : 본 연구에서는 강박증군에서 전두엽의 용적 증가를 관찰할 수 있었으며, 이것은 기존 연구 중 일부에서 전두엽과 미상핵의 용적 감소를 보고했던 것과 차이가 있다. 강박증이 만성화되고 일정기간 이상이지나 구조적 변화가 오기 전까지 오히려 대사와 혈류 증가에 따른 회질 용적 증가가 관찰되는 것이라 생각된다. Objectives: Neurobiological models for obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD) have consistently Implicated prefrontal-striatal circuits in the pathophysiology of this disorder. But, prior studies have inconsistently found alteration in caudate and frontal lobe volumes in patients with OCD. This study was undertaken in the hope that semi-automated linear transformation methods would elucidate the morphometric differences of various parts of brain between OCD and normal control group. Methods : Thirteen parients meeting the DSM-IV criteria fro OCD, and 9 psychiatrically normal comparison subjects participated in the study. 3-D brain MRIs using Spoiled gradient-recalled(SPGR) sequence were acquired for each subjects. After spatially normalized according to Talairach and Tournoux's coordinates, the gray and white matters were segmented by semi-automated methods using fuzzy algorithm. Each lobal volumes was measured according to Talairach and Tournoux's coordinates, and the region of interests of caudate nuclei was manually traced. The frontal lobe was divided into 3 subregions ; dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, orbital frontal cortex, mesial frontal cortex accoring to the coordinates and Broadman's cytoarchitectonics. Results : Only the volume of left and right frontal gray matter showed a significant difference between OCD and normal subjects. In OCD, the frontal gray matter volume was increased in tendency. There's no difference in laterality and no coorelation with clinical severities. Conclusion : Findings of increased frontal gray matter volumes in patients implicate a structural abnormality of these brain regions in the pathophysiology of OCD. The increased frontl gray matter volumes reflect a epiphenomena due to increased cerebral blood flows and metabolic rates before the structural changes may occur.

소아에서 발생한 골수이형성 증후군 2례

홍성진,윤석중,김성우,조형구,오명호,김기혁,이인성 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1996 건국의과학학술지 Vol.5 No.-

Myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS) is a group of acquired conditions characterized by progressive bone marrow failure associated with normocellular or hypercellular bone marrow that cannot be attributed to nutritional deficiency, chronic infection, or other chronic systemic illness, and cannot be reversed by the successful treatment of those conditions. Whereas the cases of secondary MDS occur at all ages, primary MDS is essentially a disease of elderly, though no age group is exempt and predomonant in men. The MDS is fundamentally clonal disorders at the level of the haemopoietic totipotent stem cell. Clinically, they are characterized by varing degrees of peripheral cytopenia(s) with morphological and functional abnormalities of blood elements. We have experienced two unrelated pediatric cases, who showed pancytopenia on admission and the characteristic marrow findings of MDS. The first case, a 12 months-old girl, showed increased reticulin with abnormal localization of immature precursor cells(ALIP) in her bone marrow, in addition to dysplastic features such as bi-and multi-nucleation of late normoblasts and internuclear bridging. She also showed 22% of blasts in her bone marrow cells thus classified in the category of RAEB-t after FAB classification. Also found were a chromosomal abnormality namely 46 XX t(14q21q), which was an unusual one. Her family brought her home and, 4 month later, she deceased. The second case, a 12 year-old boy, showed pancytopenia with Pseudo-Pelger-Huet anomaly in neutrophils but no blasts in the peripheral blood. Bone marrow of this case also showed the picture of dyserythropoiesis with binuclearity, internuclear bridging, nuclear fragments, multinuclearity of late normoblasts, in addition to megaloblastoid change in the normoblasts and increased mitosis in granulocytic series. No chromosomal abnormality was found. Classified as RA after FAB classification of MDS. Showed good response to conservative management for anemia for more than one year.

Application of Cubic Spline Synthesis in On-Line Core Axial Power Distribution Monitoring

In, Wang-Kee,Yoo, Hyung-Keun,Auh, Geun-Sun,Lee, Chong-Chul,Kim, Si-Hwan Korean Nuclear Society 1991 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.23 No.3

The Core Operating Limit Supervisory System (COLSS) is digital computer based on-line monitoring system that is designed to assist the operator in monitoring of the Limiting Conditions for Operation. A current COLSS calculates axial power distribution based on in-core detector signals using 5th order Fourier series method. It was found that the 5th elder Fourier series method was not accurate for certain axial power shapes, especially saddle power shapes, resulting in thermal margin decrease. A cubic spline synthesis was applied to the COLSS in order to improve the axial power distribution monitoring for the various axial power shapes. The results showed that the cubic spline synthesis simulated more accurately the axial power shapes, up to 5% in RMS errors, compared to those of the Fourier series.

Xenon Flash Lamp Annealing on a-IGZO Thin-film Transistors at Different Pulse Repetition Numbers

Kee Hyun Kim,Hyuck-In Kwon,Sang Jik Kwon,Eou-Sik Cho 대한전자공학회 2019 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.19 No.2

Xenon (Xe) flash lamps were applied to the annealing process of amorphous In–Ga–Zn–O (a-IGZO) semiconductor films at room temperature for different pulse repetition numbers, and the results were compared with the conventional annealing process. From the Hall measurement results, the a-IGZO films annealed using Xe flash lamps showed improvements in carrier mobilities similar to a-IGZO films annealed in a conventional vacuum furnace. The Xe flash lamp was also used in the annealing process in the fabrication of a-IGZO thin-film transistors (TFTs). The transfer characteristics of a-IGZO TFTs showed enhanced saturation field-effect mobilities, smaller subthreshold swing, threshold voltage shifts, and higher on–off ratios at higher pulse repetition numbers of the Xe flash lamp. These results showed that the Xe flash lamp has an annealing effect on amorphous oxide semiconductor electronic devices with higher productivities.

시각적 관찰훈련이 철봉 차오르기 동작 과제의 탐색능력 제고에 미치는 영향

정구인,최덕묵,김기범 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.4

The study aims to identify the difference in the effect of the learner's observation ability improvement presuming the qualified companion's feed back. The subject of the study was 77 male student not having experience of kicking up with the horizontalbar which is the theme of the study among 99 students in the regular gymnastics classes of D and K universities. 77 subjects were grouped to be the controlled group of 40 and the test group of 37. The study compares and analyzes the data from the post test based on the pre test data making as the baseline data. the data collected was went through the t-test with SPSS/PC +9.0 version, the lower program for personal computer and the significance level was set to p<.05. the results of the pre and post test onthe kicking up assignment performance and when compares the detection ability after the practicing of the visual observational training, it shows much significant difference between two groups (p<.001). when compared the pre test (11.63±2.96) of the controlled to the post test (14.03±3.60) of the controlled, became to be t=-6.283 and showed statistically significant, which considered to be the results of those from that the instructors verbal feed back in the assignment performance per steps in every classof the kicking up assignment and from that the detection ability could be improved between the companions by comparing mutual attitudes and from the efforts of the learner himself to train till the end of the class. By these results one can find that the detect error rating is with high difference at the post test rather that at the pre test in both of the controlled group and the test group. Especially, the test group of its post test mean is with remarkably high detect error rating than the controlled group.

도서지역의 우수집수 시스템 개발 : 제주지역을 중심으로 Focus in Cheju Island

전인배,허창환,지홍기 대한상하수도학회 2002 상하수도학회지 Vol.16 No.2

This study aims at the development of rainwater harvesting system in an island where rainwater used to supply domestic water. To accomplish this purpose, Cheju island was chosen as the study area and designed the roof area. The storage tank size of the rainwater harvesting system was based on the results of frequency analysis with actual rainfall and domestic water data. The theory of frequency was used in this analysis to design a stable rainwater harvesting system. It found that Generalized Logistic (GLO) distribution was suitable in the result of frequency analysis. Security rates (80, 90, 99%) used to remedy a defect of designed rainwater harvesting system according to return period was solved the water deficiency. Therefore, developed rainwater harvesting system in this study can be provided the solution which is reduced surface runoff in wet period and supplied water in dry period. This system is effective way of water management in islands.

천연 고미물질이 김치의 숙성에 미치는 영향

박인경,서기용,김순동 대구효성가톨릭대학교 식품과학연구소 1997 식품과학지 Vol.9 No.-

고미물질이 함유된 상치, 쑥갓, 치커리를 첨가한 김치를 10℃에서 숙성시키면서 pH, 산도, 색상, 관능검사를 실시하였다. 그 결과 대조구보다 고미물질 첨가군이 pH는 보다 높게, 산도는 보다 낮게 유지되었고 색상의 변화에 있어서도 뚜렷한 차이는 없었으나 고미물질 첨가군이 양호하였으며 신맛과 종합적인 맛을 평가한 관능검사에 있어서도 고미물질첨가군이 신맛의 증가가 낮으면서도 시원한 맛과 상큼한 쓴맛으로 인해서 종합적인 맛도 좋은 것으로 평가되었다. The effects of some vegegables containing bitter substance(VCBS) such as lettuce, crowndaisy, chicory on the quality and shelf-life of kimchi were investigated. The changes in pH, acidity, color, sensory quality such as sour, overall taste were determined during fermentation. The decrease in pH and increase in acidity were lower in the kimchi added VCBS than in control products. There were no differences in color changes between the kimchi added VCBS and control products during fermentation. The kimchi added VCBS was higher score than control products in sour and overall taste. These results suggest that addition VCBS was observed to influence the shelf-life and quality of kimchi.

Samuel Beckett의 作品에 나타난 人間條件 : Waiting for Godot를 中心으로 With a Special Reference to Waiting for Godot

고석기,황소부,김인수 慶尙大學校 1981 論文集 Vol.20 No.2

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the devulge of critical opinions concerning Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot and though a careful analysis of the text to establish what to be the most satisfactory among these many opinions. A recurring theme in Beckett's works is the suggestion that the source of man's troubles lies in his being born and the very fact of his birth means that he must atone for this birth and he must cope with his existence, both on physical and mental levels. All literary as well as philosophical ramifications of Beckett's writings appear to stem from this notion of the finite condition of man, who is not so much tragic as he is absurd, even ridiculous, because, in his efforts to overcome the fundamental anguish of his existence, he uses faulty equipment, resulting in a series of paradoxes. In order to convey this view of the limitations of man and his products, Beckett has seen fit to abandon conventional dramatic forms. His antiplay has no characterization and no traditional plot. The fusion of genres and the disparate sources of the work provide and appropriate vehicle for his fragmented and prismatic view of the universe. Backet's pessimistic concept of man has certain points in common with some existentialist philosophers, but, unlike them, he doesn't propose a means for coping with the meaninglessness of existence.