〈특별연제_SHARING FOR MUTUAL HELP〉 Some experiences in the field of community health at the grassroot level in Asian countries.

Kawahara Hiromin(가와하라 히로미) 한국농촌의학 지역보건학회 1993 농촌의학·지역보건 Vol.18 No.2

Caffeine promotes premature chromosome condensation formation and in vitro development in porcine reconstructed embryos via a high level of maturation promoting factor activity during nuclear transfer.

Kawahara, Manabu,Wakai, Takuya,Yamanaka, Ken-Ichi,Kobayashi, Jin,Sugimura, Satoshi,Shimizu, Takashi,Matsumoto, Hiromichi,Kim, Jin-Hoi,Sasada, Hiroshi,Sato, Eimei BioScientifica 2005 Reproduction Vol.130 No.3

<P>When the nucleus in G0/G1 phase is transferred to an enucleated oocyte by nuclear transfer (NT), its nuclear envelope is broken, followed by condensation of chromosome structure by maturation promoting factor (MPF). This morphological remodeling of the transferred interphase nucleus seems to be essential for subsequent development of NT embryos. In this study, we treated porcine NT embryos with caffeine, which has been reported to increase MPF activity, to keep their MPF level high during NT. When 2.5 mM caffeine was added to the handling medium, the proportion of NT embryos showing condensed chromosome increased significantly (P < 0.05). In NT embryos treated with caffeine, the activity of p34(cdc2) kinase was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in those without caffeine at 3 h post-injection. In addition, the rate of development to the blastocyst stage after activation was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in NT embryos treated with caffeine. These results indicate that caffeine treatment can increase not only the rate of chromosome condensation but also the developmental rate to the blastocyst stage of porcine NT embryos. This action is most likely due to the support/increase of MPF activity throughout the process of NT.</P>

日本における 藥用植物の生産, 消費の 現況

Kawahara, Nobuo The Plant Resources Society of Korea 1993 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.6 No.1

The medicinal plants used traditional medicines are classified into two groups. The first group is formulary medicine which have been recorded on authorized books, for example, kampo drug in Japan. The second group is the fork medicines. These medicinal plants production is 165 billion yen(about 1.5 billion dollar) and which rate to to total pharmaceutical production is about 3% in 1990. The number of important medicinal plants treated in the market is 124 herbs from the total 364 herbs for kampo durgs(210 preparations kampo durgs) and other propritetary drugs (agents for common cold, laxatives, gastrointestional and so on). The production of the Ginseng and Bupleurum Root are increased about ten times in last twelve years(1976 or 1988). The 80% of these medicinal plants are imported from China, Korea and Southern Asian countries. Then the Pharmaceutical Affairs Bureau of Ministry of Health and Welfare published "The Guideline of Medicinal Plant for Cultivation" for a quality control and a stabilization supply of 80 herbs. The first part(1992) of the guideline reported 5 herbs; Coptis Rhizome, Rehmannia Root, Bupleur, Root, Japanese Angelica Root and Rhubarb, The next part will be published following 5herbs; Cnidium Rhizome, Safflower, Coix seed and Fruiet, Platicodon Root and Zedoary.

Inconsistency in the Improvements of Gel Strength in Chicken and Pork Sausages Induced by Microbial Transglutaminase

Kawahara, S.,Ahhmed, A.M.,Ohta, K.,Nakade, K.,Muguruma, M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.8

This research investigated variation in the improvement of the texture of chicken and pork sausages induced by microbial transglutaminase (MTG). The extractability of myofibrillar proteins from these sausages as well as the ${\varepsilon}-({\gamma}-glutamyl)$lysine (G-L) content were also investigated. MTG treatment of sausages significantly increased the breaking strength values in both meat types, especially for samples incubated at $40^{\circ}C$. However, values of the breaking strength in both meat types were increased differently. The variation in protein extractability of samples incubated at $40^{\circ}C$ for both meat types could lead to some consideration of the mechanisms and the high accessions of myosin heavy chain (MHC) to MTG. SDS-PAGE analysis showed significant changes in the density of the bands after adding MTG, especially for the pork samples in which the bands disappeared totally. The G-L content in the presence of MTG was double that in control samples of both meat types. This study suggests that the binding ability of myofibrillar proteins with MTG is strong. This leads us to suggest that MTG functions positively with different improvements in the texture of chicken and pork products that are treated mechanically, such as sausages. Variability in gel improvement level between chicken and pork sausages was observed; this resulted from the variation in meat proteins in response to MTG, as well as to the original glutamyl and lysine content.

The Science of Four Forms in Joseon Dynasty

Kawahara, Hideki 성균관대학교 동아시아학술원 2001 Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.1 No.1

The Science of Four Forms in Joseon Dynasty

Variance Component Estimates with Dominance Models for Milk Production in Holsteins of Japan Using Method R

Kawahara, Takayoshi,Gotoh, Yusaku,Yamaguchi, Satoshi,Suzuki, Mitsuyoshi Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.6

Fractions of herd-year-season, sire by herd interaction, additive genetic and dominance genetic variances were estimated for milk production traits in Holsteins of Japan using Method R. Inbreeding depressions for milk production traits were also estimated. Estimated fractions of herd-year-season variances ranged from 0.056 to 0.074 for yield traits and from 0.033 to 0.035 for content traits. Estimated fractions of additive genetic variances to phenotypic variances (heritabilities across a herd in the narrow sense) were 0.306, 0.287, 0.273, 0.255, 0.723, 0.697 and 0.663 for milk, fat, SNF and protein yields, and fat, SNF and protein contents, respectively. Estimated fractions of dominance genetic variances ranged from 0.019 to 0.022 for yield traits and from 0.014 to 0.018 for content traits. Fractions of variances for sire by herd interaction were estimated to range from 0.020 to 0.025 for yield traits and 0.011 to 0.012 for content traits. Estimates of inbreeding depression for milk, fat, SNF and protein yields were -36.16 kg, -1.42 kg, -3.24 kg and -1.15 kg per 1% inbreeding for milk, fat, SNF and protein yields, respectively. Estimates of depression per 1% inbreeding for content traits were positive at $0.39{\times}10^{-3}%$, $0.31{\times}10^{-3}%$ and $0.82{\times}10^{-3}%$ for fat, SNF and protein contents, respectively.

Recent Studies on Chinese Thoughts in Japan

( Kawahara Hideki ) 성균관대학교 유교문화연구소 2006 儒敎文化硏究(中文版) Vol.6 No.-

日本之中國思想史硏究曾在世界上有過大放異彩的一刻。而吾等之師、吾師之師所活躍時期之硏究正可爲其代表。當時硏究之方法論及特征, 一言以蔽之, 可說是具有强烈的文獻考證性格, 且硏究者個自的硏究領域相當廣泛, 而不受限于狹隘之論題。 但是最近日本國內之中國思想硏究, 于技法上雖承繼了傳統文獻考證學之精神, 然其路線却也正陸續産生相當程度之變化。此變化之端倪, 對于身處其中之我們而言尙不淸楚, 但除了相當遲钝的人之外, 日本中國硏究者總有一種變化正在産生的共通感覺.直覺地說, 硏究者所共有之莫名之不安感乃來自于日本社會對中國硏究之要求, 這種不安感卽表現在對學問觀之根本變化而産生之危机意識。 本稿一方面以上述之問題意識爲前提, 一方面以最近五年之間公開出版之硏究書籍爲核心做分析, 以期探索出日本中國思想史硏究之新趨勢。以下大致預定以 (一) 中國思想文化事典 (二) 道敎硏究 (三) 出土文物硏究 (四) 朱子學硏究 (五) 其它等五大項目依序分析。 The history of studies on Chinese thought in Japan once was extraordinary brilliant in the world. The method adopted was, in a nutshell, intense textual studies. Then research area was quite wide and was not restricted in the narrow topics. But recently the studies on Chinese thought in Japan, although having inherited the traditional textual study, have waned in considerable degree. We, immersed in it, are not able to mention clearly about change but researchers of Chinese thoughts in Japan share a kind of common feeling. Intuitively speaking, researchers share inexplicable restless feeling whether the studies continue or not which comes from the way in which Japanese society request to the Chinese Studies. This kind of restless feeling takes effects in consciousness of crisis in the studies. On the one hand this article takes the above problem as a premise; on the other hand published books within recent five years will be analyzed in order to figure out recent studies of history of Chinese thought in Japan. (1) The Dictionary of Chinese Thought and Culture (2) Studies of Religious Daoism (3) Studies of unearthed relics (4) Studies on Neo-Confucianism (5) and others. These five subjects will be discussed in order. [Article in Chinese]

Cognitive Model of Interpretation/Translation Viewed from Sense-making Theory

( Kawahara Kiyoshi ),( Tsuruta Chikako ) 한국통역번역학회 2003 FORUM Vol.1 No.2

Dans ce memoire, on tente d`introduire les points essentiels de la notion: ?Faire Sens?. La theorie, batie par Shigenori Tanaka et Masahiro Fukaya, a pour objectif d`expliquer comment des processus cognitifs, du point de vue de cette theorie, peuvent s`appliquer au fait de comprendre le processus de l`interpretation et de la traduction. Les deux Japonais qui soutiennent cette theorie affirment que ?Faire Sens? est un processus cognitif dans lequel chaque individu selectionne, selon le contexte et la situation, les memoires pertinentes entre toutes les memoires. Les auteurs de ce memoire trouvent que cette theorie permet d`expliquer les semantiques sociales du role dans lequel des interpretes se lancent a la selection des mots appropries dans le langage de but, en se basant sur le fait qu`ils comprennent des donnees dans le langage original. Ce memoire est une introduction de la theorie de ?Faire Sens? et il est aussi un prelude pour montrer comment cette theorie peut s`appliquer au processus de l`interpretation et et de la tradution.

일본에 있어서의 약용식물의 생산과 소비현상(日本における藥用植物の生産, 消費の現狀) : 일본에 있어서의 약용식물의 생산과 소비현상

Kawahara Nobuo 한국자원식물학회 1993 한국자원식물학회 학술심포지엄 Vol.1993 No.-

Numerical Study on Vortex Structures in a Two-dimensional Bluff-Body Burner in the Transitional Flow Regime

Kawahara, Hideo,Nishimura, Tatsuo The Korean Society of Combustion 2002 한국연소학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Vortical structures are investigated numerically for both cold and combusting flows from a two-dimensional bluff-body burner in the transitional flow regime from steady to unsteady state. The Reynolds number of the central fuel flow is varied from 10 to 230 at a fixed air Reynolds number of 400. The flame sheet model of infinite chemical reaction and unit Lewis number are assumed in the simulation. The temperature dependence of the viscosity and diffusivity of the gas mixture is also considered. The vortex shedding is observed depending on the fuel flow. For cold flow, four different types of vortical structure are identified. However, for combusting flow of methane-air system the vortical structures change significantly due to a large amount of heat release during the combustion process, in contract to cold flow.