창의적 가정환경 질문지 개발 및 적용에 관한 탐색적 연구

성은현,J. C. Kaufman 한국심리학회 산하 한국발달심리학회 2012 한국심리학회지 발달 Vol.25 No.3

The present study was conducted to develop a questionnaire to measure creative home environment and to explore the differences of various domains of creativity according to creative home environment. The questionnaire for creative home environment (measuring both psychological support and creative/intellectual stimulus) and Kaufman-Domains of Creativity Scale (K-DOCS) were administered to 463 university students. The students were asked to respond about both their current creative home environment and what they believed to be an important creative home environment. We examined the difference between students' current home environment and their perception of the important creative home environment. The results were as follows. Students in the high creative home environment group achieved higher scores than students in the low creative home environment group in the domains of Everyday, Scholarly, Writing and Music, and Artistic creativity. Valuing creative achievement at home was needed to promote a creative home environment. Finally, we discussed the meaning and limits of this study. 본 연구는 선행연구의 한계를 보완하여 창의적 가정환경 질문지를 제작하고, 창의적 가정환경에 따라 영역별 창의성에서 차이가 있는지 알아보며, 학생의 창의적 가정환경에 대한 인식을 바탕으로 창의적 가정 환경 조성을 위해 보완해야 할 점이 무엇인지 살펴보는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 서울, 충남, 경남 지역의 4년제 대학교 학생 463명을 대상으로 창의적 가정환경 질문지와 영역별 창의성 검사를 실시하였다. 창의적 가정환경 질문지를 실시할 때 각 문항에 대한 현재 가정환경의 일치 정도를 묻는 질문 뿐 아니라 응답자가 생각하는 중요성 정도에 대해서도 평가하도록 하여 창의적 가정환경에 대한 현재정도와 중요정도의 차이를 알아보았다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 심리적 지지와 창의적/지적 자극 요인을 측정하는 9문항으로 구성된 간편 창의적 가정환경 질문지를 제작하였다. 둘째, 높은 창의적 가정환경을 가진 학생이 낮은 창의적 가정환경을 가진 학생보다 일상생활에서의 창의성, 학문적 창의성, 음악/문학에서의 창의성과 예술적 창의성에서 유의하게 높은 점수를 보였다. 셋째, 가정에서 자녀의 창의적 성취에 가치를 두는 것이 창의적 가정환경 조성을 위해서 무엇보다 필요함을 시사하였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 창의성과 창의적 가정환경의 관련성을 확인하고 창의적 가정환경 조성을 위해 초점을 두어야할 점들이 논의되었으며 본 연구의 의의와 한계가 제시되었다.

동양과 서양의 창의적 특성에 관한 탐색적 연구

성은현,J. C. Kaufman,Young Suk Hwang,한윤영 한국영재교육학회 2013 영재와 영재교육 Vol.12 No.2

본 연구는 암묵적 이론에 근거한 동양의 창의적 특성 목록과 선행 연구를 기반으로 미국의 창의성 전문가와 함께 동서양 공통의 창의적 특성, 동양의 창의적 특성, 서양의 창의적 특성 문항을 구성하고, 이러한 특성들이 연구자들의 가정처럼 동서양 창의적 특성으로 구조화되는지를 한국의 대학생 314명을 대상으로 확인하고자 하였다. 창의성 발휘의 중요도 평정을 통해 선정된 모든 문항의 안면타당도를 확보하고, 문화적 특성에 따른 문항의 3요인구조를 확인하기 위해 탐색적 요인분석을 한 결과, 심사숙고, 온고지신, 개성, 개방성, 확산적 사고 등 모두 5개의 요인을 추출되었다. 연구자들이 당초 가정한 동양의 창의적 특성 문항들은 심사숙고, 온고지신 요인에, 서양의 창의적 특성문항들은 개성과 개방성 요인에, 공통적인 창의적 특성문항은 확산적 사고요인에 분류되었다. 추출된 요인에 포함된 각 문항에 대해 동양 또는 서양 문화와의 관련성을 조사한 결과에서 역시, 대학생들은 심사숙고, 온고지신 두 요인에 포함된 문항들이 동양인의 창의적 특성과 관련된다고 인식하고 있었고, 개성, 개방성 두 요인에 포함된 문항들은 서양인의 창의적 특성과 관련된다고 인식하고 있었다. 확산적 사고에 속한 문항들은 다른 요인에 속한 문항들에 비해 한 문화와만 관련성을 보이는 정도가 낮았다. 본 연구는 동양과 서양의 창의적 특성을 포함하는 동서양 창의적 특성 검사를 개발하였다는 점에서 의미가 있으며, 대학생들이 각 문화별로 더 강한 창의적 특성이 있다고 인식하고 있음을 보여 주었다는 점에서 비교문화 관점의 창의성 연구에 기여할 것이다. This study aims to explore Eastern and Western creative traits. For this purpose, we reviewed previous studies to develop questions concerning creative traits related to Eastern conceptions, Western conceptions and both. Three hundred and fourteen university students in Korea participated in our survey. First, we examined construct validity of this questionnaire through factor analysis and concurrent validity through the K-DOCS(Kaufman-Domains of Creativity Scale). From the factor analysis, we found five factors(reflection, understanding-new-by-exploring-old, openness, individuality, divergent thinking) constitute Eastern and Western creative traits. We verified the concurrent validity through the analysis of correlations between five factors of Eastern and Western creative traits and K-DOCS. Second we asked students to categorize each question of creative traits according to Eastern and Western culture. All questions concerning reflection and understanding-new-by-exploring-old were seen as belonging to the Eastern culture while the questions of openness and individuality are related to the Western culture. This result shows that students perceive creative traits according to cultural traits.

Fine mapping of Xq28: both MECP2 and IRAK1 contribute to risk for systemic lupus erythematosus in multiple ancestral groups.

Kaufman, Kenneth M,Zhao, Jian,Kelly, Jennifer A,Hughes, Travis,Adler, Adam,Sanchez, Elena,Ojwang, Joshua O,Langefeld, Carl D,Ziegler, Julie T,Williams, Adrienne H,Comeau, Mary E,Marion, Miranda C,Glen British Medical Association 2013 Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases Vol.72 No.3

<P>The Xq28 region containing IRAK1 and MECP2 has been identified as a risk locus for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in previous genetic association studies. However, due to the strong linkage disequilibrium between IRAK1 and MECP2, it remains unclear which gene is affected by the underlying causal variant(s) conferring risk of SLE.</P>

Simple-to-Apply Wetting Model to Predict Thermodynamically Stable and Metastable Contact Angles on Textured/Rough/Patterned Surfaces

Kaufman, Yair,Chen, Szu-Ying,Mishra, Himanshu,Schrader, Alex M.,Lee, Dong Woog,Das, Saurabh,Donaldson Jr., Stephen H.,Israelachvili, Jacob N. American Chemical Society 2017 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.121 No.10

<P>Rough/patterned/textured surfaces with nano/microcavities that broaden below the surface known as 're-entrants'-can be omniphobic (macroscopic contact angle greater than 90 for both water and oils). The existing theoretical models that explain the effects of texture on wetting are complex and do not provide a simple procedure for predicting the thermodynamically stable and metastable states and their corresponding contact angles (for example, wetting states that involve partially filled cavities). Here, we develop a simple-to-apply wetting model that allows for (1) predicting a priori the wetting state (partially or fully filled) of the cavities both under and outside the liquid droplet and the corresponding macroscopic contact angles on any type of textured surface; (2) determining the conditions under which metastable states exist; and (3) engineering specific nano/microtextures that yield any desired macroscopic contact angle, theta(v) for a given intrinsic contact angle theta(0). Subsequently, we experimentally demonstrate how one can use the model to predict the metastable and the thermodynamically stable contact angles on nondeformable textured surfaces consisting of arrays of axisymmetric cavities/protrusions. In this model, we do not consider the effects of gravitational forces, Laplace pressure of the droplet, line tension, droplet impact velocity, and quantitative aspects of contact angle hysteresis. Nonetheless, the model is suitable for accurately predicting the contact angles of macroscopic droplets (droplet volume similar to 1 mu L and base diameters <2 mm), which is of immense relevance in engineering. In the experimental section we also discuss the suitability of the model to be extended in order to include the effects of contact angle hysteresis on the macroscopic apparent contact angle on textured surfaces. Controlling these macroscopic contact angles, whether higher or lower than the intrinsic angle, theta(0), is desirable for many applications including nonwetting, self-cleaning, and antifouling surfaces and for completely wetting/spreading applications, such as creams, cosmetics, and lubricant fluids.</P>

치근막내 마취 : 2중맹검법에 의한 비교연구

Kaufman, Eliexer,LeResche, Linda,Sommers, Earl,Dworkin, Samuel F.,Truelove, Edmand L. 의치학사 1985 치과임상 Vol.5 No.10

Bureaucratic Particularism and Soviet Military Policy : Lessons from Air Defense in the 1970s

Kaufman, Stuart J. Center for International Studies Inha University 1992 Pacific Focus Vol.7 No.1

Smoking and Young Women : The Physician's Role in Stopping an Equal Opportunity Killer

Kaufman, Nancy J. MediMedia Korea 1994 JAMA-Korea Vol.9 No.6

Could Steven Spielberg Manage the Yankees?:Creative Thinking in Different Domains

JamesC.Kaufman,JohnBaer 대한사고개발학회 2002 The International Journal of Creativity & Problem Vol.12 No.2

Putting Intangible Heritage in its Place(s): Proposals for Policy

Ned Kaufman 국립민속박물관 2013 International Journal of Intangible Heritage Vol.8 No.-

The regrettable split between tangible and intangible heritage specializations should be brought to an end. Just as it is clear that many (tangible) places owe their importance to intangible values, it is also clear that many aspects of intangible heritage are grounded in specific places and cannot survive without them. Yet UNESCO’s Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage shows little interest in places, and national and local conservation policies are generally ineffective at safeguarding the intangible values of places. There is an urgent need for policies that do so. To develop them, heritage experts will need to look beyond the kinds of cultural manifestations favored by tourism and focus instead on ordinary, everyday places. Paying attention to the narratives expressed through people’s customs, stories, and memories can give conservationists invaluable insight into the psychological bonds that people form with these places and that, with time, come to define their heritage values. Practitioners can adapt research methods from anthropology, sociology, geography, and environment-behavior studies to analyze people’s place-relationships and organize their apparently limitless subjectivity into coherent patterns on which effective public policies can be based. Implementing such policies will depend on certain organizational factors. Responsibility for tangible and intangible heritage must be brought together within the same agencies. And these agencies must be open not only to intangible heritage values but also to democratic participation in defining them.

Improving the Student Experience

James C. Kaufman 대한사고개발학회 2010 The International Journal of Creativity & Problem Vol.20 No.1