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Quality and Early Childhood Education and Care : A Policy Initiative for the 21st Century
Karin Ishimine,Collette Tayler,John Bennett 육아정책연구소 2010 International Journal of Child Care and Education Vol.4 No.2
The expectation of quality early childhood education and care (ECEC) is that higher quality inputs will produce higher quality outcomes for children. There are many ways that outcomes may be expressed and measured, though current procedures emphasize threshold quality. However, threshold quality is essentially an entry-level concept – once the entry requirements are met, quality is assumed to have been attained and subsequently sustained. A more sophisticated, comprehensive procedure is needed. For more than a decade ECEC policy in Australia has been generally weak, fragmented and dominated by matters related to quantity (market issues) rather than quality (pedagogical issues), despite the rhetoric. What should be measured to identify quality in ECEC settings? What should a quality directed ECEC policy emphasize? This paper addresses significant issues in determining and measuring quality for a comprehensive ECEC policy and the links to a rating system in Australia.
Methodology for Testing Rebar-Concrete Bond in Specimens from Decommissioned Structures
Karin Lundgren,Samanta Robuschi,Kamyab Zandi 한국콘크리트학회 2019 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.13 No.5
Mimicking natural deterioration in accelerated tests is challenging; a highly relevant alternative option is to use deteri-orated specimens from decommissioned structures. This paper describes a methodology to select and design tests of the bond and anchorage between reinforcement and concrete in such specimens, with the aim of providing general information, needed when developing methods for assessing structures in general. The methodology includes the following steps: (1) choice of existing structure for samples, (2) choice of test method, (3) design of test setup, and (4) design of test programme. Each step is discussed in detail and comments are made on considerations and challenges arising specifically due to the use of specimens from existing structures. As the scatter of test results is typically large, a suitable test method should enable a large number of tests by being robust, quick and affordable. It is recommended to keep track of the position of the specimens in the original structure, to document cracks, and to take samples also of uncorroded bars. These can then be used for reference in quantifying the corrosion level of corroded bars. This methodology is exemplified in the design of three test series on edge beams from two bridges; two series resulted in beam test setups and one in direct pull-out tests. The methodology described strongly highlights that careful investigations are required to design experiments which generate reliable data. Acquiring data from decommissioned structures will improve our understanding of the structural behaviour of existing structures and thus enable improved assessment methods.
Karine Rech Begnini,Fernanda Nedel,Rafael Guerra Lund,Pedro Henrique de Azambuja Carvalho,Maria Regina Alves Rodrigues,Fatima Tereza Alves Beira,Francisco Augusto Burkert Del-Pino 한국식품영양과학회 2014 Journal of medicinal food Vol.17 No.10
Cancer is a leading cause of death and is responsible for one in eight deaths worldwide. The use of herbs as complementary medicine for cancer, especially advanced cancer, has recently increased. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro, the antiproliferative effect of Origanum vulgare against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), and human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29). The essential oil (EO) was extracted from a bought amount of O. vulgare dried leaves and analyzed in a gas chromatograph interfaced with a mass selective detector. The cytotoxicity test was performed by sulforhodamine B assay. The results show that the EO is composed mostly of 4-terpineol and induces a high cytotoxicity effect in HT-29. In the MCF-7 cell line the EO was less effective. In conclusion, this study showed that O. vulgare main component is 4-terpineol and was effective in inducing cancer cell growth inhibition.
Family Day Care and the National Quality Framework: Issues in Improving Quality of Service
Karin Ishimine,Collette Tayler 육아정책연구소 2012 International Journal of Child Care and Education Vol.6 No.1
Family child care, or family day care (FDC), as it is known in Australia, is an important early childhood education and care (ECEC) option, as it offers unique services compared with other ECEC services such as greater flexibility, wider children’s age range (0-12 years old) and differential operation procedures. In Australia, however, a new National Quality Framework (NQF) is in the process of being implemented in Australia. This will affect all ECEC services, including FDCs, through the application of National Quality Standards (NQS). How will FDCs respond to the major changes ensuing from introducing the NQF and NQS? We argue that there are several factors impacting on the quality of provision by FDCs over the longer term. These include workforce qualifications, carer-child interactions, systemic implementation processes and measures of quality. This paper will discuss the impact of NQF and NQS on FDC and will address issues where no specific quality improvement strategy is applied.
Karin Dyrstad,Tanja Ellingsen,Jan Ketil Rød 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2015 International Area Studies Review Vol.18 No.1
In this article we examine attitudes of ethnonationalism in two countries that have experienced ethnic civil war: Bosnia-Herzegovina and Kosovo. We analyse the strength of attitudes of ethnonationalism on the individual level, and how ethnonationalism is related to local ethnic settlement patterns and previous experiences of local inter-ethnic violence. We combine data at the municipality level with data from the South-East European Social Survey Program from 2003 and conduct a multilevel analysis for each case. In both cases, ethnonationalism dominates, but it is stronger in Kosovo than in Bosnia-Herzegovina. We find a clear difference between members of local majorities and minorities, but the effect in Bosnia-Herzegovina is the opposite of the effect in Kosovo. In Bosnia-Herzegovina, members of both minority and majority groups tend to be more ethnonationalist the larger their group. Contrary to our initial expectations, people express less ethnonationalism in municipalities that were more severely hit by violence, whereas in Kosovo no effect of local violence can be found. The more recent conflict and less consolidated institutions in Kosovo may help explain these divergent results. Still, the lack of consistent findings makes it hard to infer beyond the two cases examined.