Influence of mineral salts on the shoot growth and metabolites biosynthesis from tea tree (Camellia sinensis L.)

김용덕,윤재길,Chandrakant S. Karigar,최명석 한국원예학회 2015 원예과학기술지 Vol.33 No.1

Effects of mineral salts (N, P, K, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Fe3+) on the shoot growth and metabolite production of tea tree were studied u sing in vitro culture techniques. Among mineral s alts, H2PO4- was the most important for enhanced growth rate of tea tree, while Mg2+ and Ca2+ did not affect plant growth. Removal of NH4+ and NO3 from the culture medium enhanced shoot multiplication compared to other treatments. Metabolite production was variable depending on mineral types and concentration. Removal of Ca2+ decreased the production of caffeine; however, other treatments did not influence its production. Ca2+, NH4+ and Fe3+ were important factors for catechin production in tea tree. These results can be used as the basis for development of technical soil controls suitable for tea tree cultivation in the future.

Traditional Indian medicine (TIM) and traditional Korean medicine (TKM): aconstitutional-based concept and comparison

Kang, Young Min,Komakech, Richard,Karigar, Chandrakant Shivappa,Saqib, Asma Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam 2017 Integrative medicine research Vol. No.

<P>Traditional and complementary medicine (T&CM) plays an integral role in providing health care worldwide. It is based on sound fundamental principles and centuries of practices. This study compared traditional Indian medicine (TIM) and traditional Korean medicine (TKM) basing on data obtained from peer reviewed articles, respective government institutional reports and World Health Organization reports. Despite the fact that TIM and TKM have individual qualities that are unique from each other including different histories of origin, they share a lot in common. Apart from Homeopathy in TIM, both systems are hinged on similar principle of body constitutional-based concept and similar disease diagnosis methods of mainly auscultation, palpation, visual inspection, and interrogation. Similarly, the treatment methods of TIM and TKM follow similar patterns involving use of medicinal herbs, moxibustion, acupuncture, cupping, and manual therapy. Both T&CM are majorly practiced in well-established hospitals by T&CM doctors who have undergone an average of 6–7 years of specialized trainings. However, unlike TIM which has less insurance coverage, the popularity of TKM is majorly due to its wide national insurance coverage. These two medical traditions occupy increasingly greater portion of the global market. However, TIM especially Ayurveda has gained more global recognition than TKM although the emergence of Sasang Constitutional Medicine in TKM is beginning to become more popular. This comparative analysis between TIM and TKM may provide vital and insightful contribution towards constitutional-based concept for further development and future studies in T&CM.</P>

Traditional Indian medicine (TIM) and traditional Korean medicine (TKM): aconstitutional-based concept and comparison

강영민,Richard Komakech,Chandrakant Shivappa Karigar,Asma Saqib 한국한의학연구원 2017 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.6 No.2

Traditional and complementary medicine (T&CM) plays an integral role in providing health care worldwide. It is based on sound fundamental principles and centuries of practices. This study compared traditional Indian medicine (TIM) and traditional Korean medicine (TKM) basing on data obtained from peer reviewed articles, respective government institutional reports and World Health Organization reports. Despite the fact that TIM and TKM have individual qualities that are unique from each other including different histories of origin, they share a lot in common. Apart from Homeopathy in TIM, both systems are hinged on similar principle of body constitutional-based concept and similar disease diagnosis methods of mainly auscultation, palpation, visual inspection, and interrogation. Similarly, the treatment methods of TIM and TKM follow similar patterns involving use of medicinal herbs, moxibustion, acupuncture, cupping, and manual therapy. Both T&CM are majorly practiced in well-established hospitals by T&CM doctors who have undergone an average of 6–7 years of specialized trainings. However, unlike TIM which has less insurance coverage, the popularity of TKM is majorly due to its wide national insurance coverage. These two medical traditions occupy increasingly greater portion of the global market. However, TIM especially Ayurveda has gained more global recognition than TKM although the emergence of Sasang Constitutional Medicine in TKM is beginning to become more popular. This comparative analysis between TIM and TKM may provide vital and insightful contribution towards constitutional-based concept for further development and future studies in T&CM.

In vitro selection of salt-tolerant Ailanthus altissima Swingle

강영민,송현진,문현식,이철호,김종갑,Chandrakant S. Karigar,최명석 한국산림과학회 2012 Forest Science And Technology Vol.8 No.1

Salt-tolerant cell lines of Ailanthus altissima were selected from callus derived protoplasts. Murashige–Skoog (MS) liquid medium incorporated with various concentrations of NaCl was employed to enrich salt-tolerant A. altissima cell lines. Salt-resistant A. altissima cells were transferred on MS solid medium supplemented with 2.5 μM 2,4- dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), 0.5 μM benzyl adenine (BA) and various NaCl concentrations. The callus was cultured on MS medium containing NaCl for 5 months, to determine the survival rate as an index of salt tolerance. The measurement of growth parameters for salt-tolerant cells showed that the selected plant cell lines grew better than the unselected ones at all levels of NaCl tested. The salt-tolerant callus accumulated proline in correlation to the concentration of salts. Media supplemented with BA induced shoot differentiation of salt-resistant A. altissima cells.

Efficient Release of Ferulic Acid from Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas) Stems by Chemical Hydrolysis

최명석,이종윤,이병현,정강원,Chandrakant S. Karigar,Ji-Hyun Park,Ji Yun Min,Bu-Kug Lim,양재경 한국생물공학회 2008 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.13 No.3

An efficient method for release of ferulic acid from sweet potato stems was developed. Ferulic acid along with phenolic compounds were released from stems by acid and alkaline treatments. The base hydrolysis with 0.1 N NaOH yielded the highest quantity of total extracts (471.1 mg/g). The stems released more phenolic compounds when 0.0125~0.025 N NaOH was employed. Where as ferulic acid release was maximal with 0.05 N H₂SO₄ (0.32 mg/g). Ferulic acid was separated from phenolics by column chromatography. Among the elution solvents, ethyl acetate fractions (80%) contained ferulic acid. Ethyl acetate eluants were further fractionated with n-hexane/ethyl acetate/formic acid (100/50/0.5, v/v/v). All fractions showed ferulic acid and phenolic compounds. Fraction V among them was ascribed to ferulic acid with an yield of 5.41 mg/g of dry sweet potato tissue.

Effect of biotic elicitors on the accumulation of bilobalide and ginkgolides in Ginkgo biloba cell cultures

Kang, S.M.,Min, J.Y.,Kim, Y.D.,Karigar, C.S.,Kim, S.W.,Goo, G.H.,Choi, M.S. Elsevier Science Publishers 2009 Journal of biotechnology Vol.139 No.1

The effect of biotic elicitors on the production of bilobalide and ginkgolides in Ginkgo biloba cell suspension cultures was studied. The treatment of cell cultures with Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus as elicitors increased the amounts of bilobalide (BB), ginkgolide A (GA) and ginkgolide B (GB), with slight growth inhibition. The native bacterial elicitor was more effective for secondary metabolite accumulations both in cells and culture medium than autoclaved. However, exposure times of the cells to the elicitors strongly influenced the production of BB, GA and GB. This study suggests that biotic elicitors can regulate the production of BB, GA and GB either directly or indirectly. These results also describe the establishment of optimum conditions that determine the effects of biotic elicitors on secondary metabolism of bilobalides.

Effects of plant growth regulators on rapid in vitro propagation of Camptotheca acuminata from axillary buds

강승미,민지연,박동진,송현진,허창미,문현식,김종갑,Chandrakant S. Karigar,최명석,정미진 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2011 농업생명과학연구 Vol.45 No.1

An efficient method for the rapid micropropagation of Camptotheca acuminata from axillary buds was established by application of various plant growth regulators. Among various cytokinins, 0.5 mg L^(-1) BA showed the best performance on shoot multiplication, number average multiple shoots up to 10.8. The propagated shoot cuttings in vitro were elongated on NN basal medium without plant growth regulators. The secondary multiple shoots were induced at the site of initially induced buds. Rooting was induced directly near the base of the shoot on half-strength NN medium containing 0.5 mg L^(-1) of IBA, whereas high concentration of 1.0 mg L^(-1) IBA could induce callus at the base of the shoot. The camptothecin content, anticancer compound of the micropropagated plants was contained in various tissues. Camptothecin contents were 1.8 and 2.5 mg g^(-1) dry weight in stems from propagated in vitro and mother plant, respectively. This result may be used to develop strategies for large-scale propagation of elite C. acuminata trees.

Influence of Mineral Salts on Shoot Growth and Metabolite Biosynthesis in Tea Tree (Camellia sinensis L.)

Yong Duck Kim,Jae Gill Yun,Yeong Rong Seo,Chandrakant S. Karigar,Myung Suk Choi 한국원예학회 2015 원예과학기술지 Vol.33 No.1

Effects of mineral salts (N, P, K, Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>, Mg<SUP>2+</SUP>, and Fe<SUP>3+</SUP>) on the shoot growth and metabolite production of tea tree were s tudied u sing in v itro culture techniques. Among mineral s alts, H₂PO₄⁻ was the most important for enhanced growth rate of tea tree, while Mg<SUP>2+</SUP> and Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> did not a ffect plant growth. Remov al o f NH₄⁺ and NO₃ from the culture medium enhanced shoot multiplication compared to other treatments. Metabolite production was variable depending on mineral types and concentration. Removal of Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> decreased the production of caffeine; however, other treatments did not influence its production. Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>, NH₄⁺ and Fe<SUP>3+</SUP> were important factors for catechin production in tea tree. These results can be used as the basis for development of technical soil controls suitable for tea tree cultivation in the future.

Rapid in vitro adventitious shoot propagation of Scopolea parviflora through rhizome cultures for enhanced production of tropane alkaloids

Kang, Y. M.,Min, J. Y.,Moon, H. S.,Karigar, C. S.,Prasad, D. T.,Lee, C. H.,Choi, M. S. Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research 2004 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.2004 No.-

A rapid micropropagation system for Scopolia parviflora Nakai (Solanaceae), a rare medicinal plant native to Korea, was established using rhizome cultures. Shoots that originated from adventitious shoots of the rhizome were multiplied when the rhizomes were cultured on half-strength B5 liquid medium supplemented with various growth regulators. Optimum shoot multiplication was observed in half-strength B5 medium containing 3% (w/v) sucrose and 5.77 μM gibberellic acid (GA3). Each rhizome gave rise to an average of 12 shoots. Shoot elongation and root induction from multiple shoots occurred on growth regulator-free half-strength B5 solid medium. Healthy plantlets were transferred to a peat moss:vermiculite mixture for acclimatization, which was successful. The concentrations of tropane alkaloids, hyoscyamine and scopolamine were determined in different tissues of native growing plants, in vitro-propagated plants and acclimatized plants by high-performance liquid chromatography. The analysis revealed that the levels of hyoscyamine and scopolamine were higher in in vitropropagated plants than in the native growing plants. When the rhizome was cut into segments and transferred to optimal culture conditions for multiple shoot propagation, only 12 weeks were required to produce a mature plant. We conclude that in vitro propagation techniques through rhizome cultures provide an efficient and rapid method for shoot propagation of S. parviflora.

Influence of Mineral Salts on Shoot Growth and Metabolite Biosynthesis in Tea Tree (Camellia sinensis L.)

Kim, Yong Duck,Yun, Jae Gill,Seo, Yeong Rong,Karigar, Chandrakant S.,Choi, Myung Suk Korean Society of Horticultural Science 2015 원예과학기술지 Vol.33 No.1

Effects of mineral salts (N, P, K, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, and $Fe^{3+}$) on the shoot growth and metabolite production of tea tree were studied using in vitro culture techniques. Among mineral s alts, ${H_2PO_4}^-$ was the most important for enhanced growth rate of tea tree, while $Mg^{2+}$ and $Ca^{2+}$ did not affect plant growth. Removal of ${NH_4}^+$ and $NO_3$ from the culture medium enhanced shoot multiplication compared to other treatments. Metabolite production was variable depending on mineral types and concentration. Removal of $Ca^{2+}$ decreased the production of caffeine; however, other treatments did not influence its production. $Ca^{2+}$, ${NH_4}^+$ and $Fe^{3+}$ were important factors for catechin production in tea tree. These results can be used as the basis for development of technical soil controls suitable for tea tree cultivation in the future.