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Contemporary Chinese Pulse Diagnosis: A Modern Interpretation of an Ancient and Traditional Method
Karen Bilton,Leon Hammer,Chris Zaslawski 사단법인약침학회 2013 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.6 No.5
Contemporary Chinese pulse diagnosis (CCPD) is a system of pulse diagnosis utilized by Dr. John He Feng Shen, OMD, and documented by Dr. Leon Hammer, MD, in the book Chinese Pulse Diagnosis, A Contemporary Approach. It is the traditional method of the Ding medical lineage from the Shanghai region and dates to the 15th century in Chinese language texts. The fundamentals of this system are, however, much older and can be directly traced to the Neijing Suwen. Having been passed from the last direct inheritor of Ding knowledge (Dr. Shen) to modern practitioners of Chinese medicine by way of Dr. Hammer and his students, it represents an important system of advanced diagnosis. Although modern diagnostic technology provides very sophisticated diagnoses, for these instruments to be effective, the disease process must already have a physical manifestation. CCPD, on the other hand, provides the earliest warnings of physiological processes, which if left unchecked may result in the subsequent appearance of a disease. This article describes the derivation and the principles of this system of pulse diagnosis and explores its successful integration into the modern practice of Chinese medicine.
Evidence on Acupuncture and Pain: Reporting on a Work in Progress
Karen Pilkington 사단법인약침학회 2015 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.8 No.5
Surveys of acupuncture use confirm that pain is one of the most frequently cited reasons for acupuncture therapy. This is true throughout a range of countries including Australia, Japan, the UK, and the USA [1–4]. Pain is reported as the most commonly treated condition by European acupuncturists and is second only to neurological conditions according to acupuncturists in China [5]. This widespread use indicates that an improved understanding of any reported beneficial effects, possible mechanism of action, and optimum practical application is of considerable importance and potential relevance to health care.
Karen A. Flores,J. Cristian Salgado,Gerald Zapata-Torres,Ziomara P. Gerdtzen,María-Julieta Gonzalez,Marcela A. Hermoso 한국생물공학회 2012 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.17 No.3
In order to develop future therapeutic applications for cell penetrating peptides (CPPs), it is essential to characterize their internalization mechanisms, as they might affect the stability and the accessibility of the carried drug. Several internalization mechanisms have been described in literature, such as endocytosis and transduction. In this work we study the internalization mechanism in HeLa cells of two TIRAP derived peptides: pepTIRAP and pepTIRAPALA, where some of the cationic amino acids were replaced with alanines. Detailed analysis of internalization and the peptides electrostatic potential was carried out, to shed light on the internalization mechanism involved. Molecular modeling studies showed that the main difference identified between pepTIRAP and pepTIRAPALA is the distribution of their electrostatic potential field. The structure of pepTIRAP displays a predominantly positive potential when compared to pepTIRAPALA, which has a more balanced potential distribution. In addition, docking experiments show that interactions between pepTIRAP and negatively charged molecules on the cellular surface such as heparan sulfate are stronger than the ones exhibited by pepTIRAPALA. A mathematical model was proposed to quantify the amount of peptide internalized or non-specifically bound to the membrane. The model indicates a stronger interaction of pepTIRAP with the plasma membrane, compared to pepTIRAPALA. We propose these discrepancies are related to the differences in the electrostatic potential characteristics of each peptide. In the case of pepTIRAP, these interactions lead to the formation of nucleation zones,which are the first stage of the transduction internalization mechanism. These results should be considered for effective design of a cell penetrating peptide.
Sports Injuries among High School Athletes in 15 West Central Florida Schools
Karen Liller,장시원,Siew Wong,Barbara Morris,이수연 한국체육학회 2015 International journal of human movement science Vol.9 No.2
Injury surveillance needs to be conducted so that tailored interventions for high school athletes may be implemented. The purposes of this study are to report the 2013-2014 injuries of high school athletes in 15 West Central Florida schools utilizing the Reporting Information Online (RIO) data system and to garnish support for the role of surveillance in planning injury prevention programs for athletes. Certified athletic trainers (ATCs) were hired and trained by researchers from the University of South Florida Sports Medicine and Athletic-Related Trauma Institute (SMART) to collect and report injury findings from the high school athletes. Descriptive statistics, injury rates, and risk ratios were calculated utilizing SAS (Version 9.3). Overall, 574 injuries were reported by the ATCs. The majority of athletes injured were male (68.4%). Football was the leading sport (270, 47.0%) for number of injuries. The leading rate of injury per 1000 athlete-exposures for practices was for women’s lacrosse at 3.36 and for competition, football at 14.4. Boys had significantly greater injury rates compared to girls overall. The results of this study point to the need for collecting high school athletes’ sports injury data and using the findings for the implementation and management of tailored injury prevention programs.
A Cysteine- rich Protein Encoded in Cotesia plutellae Bracovirus Genome is an Immunosuppressant
Karen P. Barandoc,Yonggyun Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2008 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.05
A cysteine- rich protein encoded by Cotesia plutellae bacovirus (CpBV) was identified in the parasitized Plutella xylostella. The gene, called CpBV-CRP, encodes 189 amino acids with a signal peptide of 20 residues at N-terminus determined by bioinformatic analysis, suggesting a secretory protein. High CpBV-CRP expression in the parasitized P. xylostella was observed at early days after parasitization and decreased with the course of parasitization. Expression of CpBV-CRP was tissue-specific in the fat body/epidermis, but not in hemocyte and gut. Its physiological function was analyzed by transient expression of a CpBV segment containing CpBV-CRP. The treated larvae underwent an immunosuppression in terms of hemocyte-spreading behavior. When the treated larvae were also co-injected with dsRNA against CpBV-CRP, the suppressed hemocyte behavior was significantly recovered. This study reports a cysteine-rich protein encoded in CpBV genome and its physiological function to be an immunosuppressant.