http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Takuto Sumi,Yui Takahashia,Hiroki Sawatani,Shigenori Karasawa,Kazuki Miura,Takahisa Miyatake 한국응용곤충학회 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.20 No.4
Wolbachia are ubiquitous endosymbionts that infect many invertebrates and often manipulate their hosts' reproduction. Although a bias in the sex ratio of the host species due to infection with Wolbachia has been reported in the field, few studies have investigated the seasonal change in rates of infection by Wolbachia. Examining seasonal changes in Wolbachia infection is important because many parasitic infection agents, such as bacteria or viruses, usually show seasonal dynamics. In the present study, we examined the seasonal abundance and sex ratio of two closely related pill bug species that sympatrically inhabit Okayama, Japan. Phylogenetic and morphological analyses identified the two closely related species as Spherillo sp. sensu Karasawa et al. 2014 and Spherillo sp. shi-1 sensu Karasawa and Kawano 2014; they cohabit in fallen leaves, i.e., litter, on a mountain in Okayama City. An obvious peak in emergence of the two pill bug species was not observed. Both sympatric species were infected by Wolbachia, but no seasonal trends were found in the infection rate of Wolbachia. In Spherillo sp., females had higher infection rates than males, while the rates were almost 100% in both sexes in Spherillo sp. shi-1. The results suggest that the two pill bug species are infected by different Wolbachia strains with dissimilar manipulations of the sex ratio.
Development of a MIMO-OTA System with Simplified Configuration
Yoshio Karasawa,Yannes Gunawan,Sahrul Pasisingi,Katsuhiro Nakada,Akira Kosako 한국전자파학회JEES 2012 Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science Vol.12 No.1
This paper introduces our development of a MIMO-OTA system with simplified configuration. The key element of our proposal is the adoption of an antenna branch-controlled configuration for generating multipath delayed waves. The signal processing is carried out on IF band signal with an FPGA in a fading-emulator-type MIMO-OTA measurement system. The proposed scheme is largely different from available system configurations for the fading simulator method of constructing the OTA test environment. We describe the principle of the proposed scheme, channel model incorporated in the system, basic configuration of the developed system, and its performance.
A Consideration on Information Floating by Probe Data
Naoyuki KARASAWA,Keisuke NAKANO,Kazuyuki MIYAKITA,Kyosuke KASAGI,Hiroshi TAMURA 대한전자공학회 2015 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2015 No.6
In this paper, we consider how to decide places where a message is virtually floated to guide mobile nodes to a certain place in Delay Tolerant Networks. We propose a method to decide the places for Information Floating using probe data. In the proposed method, we estimate the number of visiting nodes by inducement in each place using the volume of traffic between target places. We evaluate the proposed method by computer simulation in a lattice street mobility model.
Risk Factors for Acute Cholangitis Caused by Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium
( Yuki Karasawa ),( Jun Kato ),( Satoshi Kawamura ),( Kentaro Kojima ),( Takamasa Ohki ),( Michiharu Seki ),( Kazumi ),( Tagawa ),( Nobuo Toda ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2021 Gut and Liver Vol.15 No.4
Background/Aims: Acute cholangitis (AC) is a potentially life-threatening bacterial infection, and timely antimicrobial treatment, faster than that achieved with bacterial cultures, is recommended. Although the current guidelines refer to empirical antimicrobial treatment, various kinds of antimicrobial agents have been cited because of insufficient analyses on the spectrum of pathogens in AC. Enterococcus spp. is one of the most frequently isolated Gram-positive bacteria from the bile of patients with AC, but its risk factors have not been extensively studied. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors of AC caused by Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. Methods: Patients with AC who were hospitalized in a Japanese tertiary center between 2010 and 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients’ first AC episodes in the hospital were evaluated. Results: A total of 266 patients with AC were identified. E. faecalis and/or E. faecium was isolated in 56 (21%) episodes of AC. Prior endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST), the presence of a biliary stent, prior cholecystectomy, and past intensive care unit admission were more frequently observed in AC patients with E. faecalis and/or E. faecium than in those without such bacteria. Prior EST was identified as an independent risk factor for AC caused by E. faecalis and/or E. faecium in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Given the intrinsic resistance of E. faecalis and E. faecium to antibiotics, clinicians should consider empirical therapy with anti-enterococcal antibiotics for patients with prior EST. (Gut Liver 2021;15:616-624)