希臘悲劇에 나타난 女性의 類型

金甲順 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1981 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.37 No.-

Various types of women are found in Greek tragedies. Eight plays out of nineteen extended plays by Euripides were entitled with heroin's names : Alcestis, Medea, Electrai Iphigenia in Tauris, Iphigenia in Aulis, Hecuba, Andromache and Helen. Sophocles also treated women as his main characters in most of his plays : Electra, Antigone and deianeira in the Trachiniae. Three women characters, Electra and Antigone from Sophocles and Medea from Eurpides, were chosen and are discussed in this thesis. Ⅰ. Electra Agamemnon was killed by his wife and her adulterer on the day he came back from a long period of a war. His son, Orestes was still a young child at the time his father was killed and his sister, Eiectra let a faithful old slave take Orestes away. Electra was a girl with strong will power and she had a firm and strong desire to avenge her father's death. She has been living only for this one purpose : a wish to avenge. She had been waiting for her brother, Orestes to grow up and return to kill their mother and her adulterer. At last Orestes comes back with an urn, which supposedly holds his own ashes, but no one re-cognize that the bearer of the urn is Orestes himself. He is welcomed by his mother who is quite happy about the news of her son's death. Soon the cry of the mother is heard: in the palace "My son, my son, have pity on thy mother! Oh, I am smitten." It is often pointed up by critics that the killing of her mother as immoral. However, most of the critics agree that the author skillfully handled the story of the house of Atreus. Clytemnestra's excuses for her killing husband are not quite con vincing: and Electra's attacking her mother for being adulterous rationalization of her murder Clyemnestra who is their mother she and her adulterer are enemies to Electra and Orestes. II. Antigone Antigone is also a strong women. Her revolt was for God's law. She found out one of her two brothers was thrown into a field without burying, which means hi spirit shall wander forever. It was King Creon's order that if any one buries the body of Polyneices he will be put to death. To Antigone, God's decree is more important than man's decree so she revolts against Creon. The Divine Law is the foremost, she believed, and she did not care about the possibility of death. On the other hand, her antagonist, Creon, is a stupid man, and his stupidity and stubbornness brought to him three deaths : his son, his wife and his neice Antigone, who was betrothed to his own won. In these two plays Sophocles presents beautiful contrasts between two sisters: between Electra and Chrysothemis, and between Antigone and Ismene. Through these contrasts the author emphasizes the strong characters of heroines, their unbending will power and their tragic flaw. Antigone is a lovely girl. Her speech as she is going toward the cave where she is going to be doomed is really pitiable. : Unwept, unfriended, without marriage-song, I'm led forth in my sorrow on this journey that can be delayed no more. No longer may I behold yon day-star's eye; but for my fate no tear is shed, no fried makes moan." III. Medea Medea is a woman who was betrayed by her husband. For him she abandoned all her past relationships by killing her own brother and deceiving her father. Here again she I criticized for killing her own children. However, many critics comment that is a real figure of a wife who is deserted by an unfaithful husband. She gives her reason for killing her children: it is because if she leaves her children they will be killed by her enemies. Although she seems cruel and harsh, her passion in that very situation is truth and reality. This really is an admirable characterization and Medea is a great creation of Euripides. Electra, as a filial daughter, Antigone, as a loving sister and strong believer of Divine Law, and Medea, as a betrayed wife they suffer extremely. Their pitiful chanting and their struggles move our feelings and we feel deep pathos for those women who are deserted by adulterous mother, by stubborn king and by unfaithful husband.

Investigation of thin films of organic-based magnets grown by physical vapor deposition

Kao, C. Y.,Li, B.,Lu, Y.,Yoo, J.-W.,Epstein, A. J. American Institute of Physics 2014 APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS Vol.105 No.14

QCD Chiral Restoration at Finite T Under the Magnetic Field : Studies Based on the Instanton Vacuum Model

Kao, Chung Wen,Nam, Seung-il Springer-Verlag 2013 Few-body systems Vol.54 No.1

Mean moment effect on circular thin-walled tubes under cyclic bending

Kao-Hua Chang,Wen-Fung Pan,Kuo-Long Lee 국제구조공학회 2008 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.28 No.5

In this paper, experimental and theoretical investigations of the effect of the mean moment on the response and collapse of circular thin-walled tubes subjected to cyclic bending are discussed. To highlight the influence of the mean moment effect, three different moment ratios r (minimum moment/ maximum moment) of −1, −0.5 and 0, respectively, were experimentally investigated. It has been found that the moment-curvature loop gradually shrinks with the number of cycles, and becomes stable after a few cycles for symmetric cyclic bending (r = −1). However, the moment-curvature loop exhibits ratcheting and increases with the number of cycles for unsymmetric cyclic bending (r = −0.5 or 0). In addition, although the three groups of tested specimens had three different moment ratios, when plotted in a log-log scale, three parallel straight lines describe the relationship between the controlled moment range and the number of cycles necessary to produce buckling. Finally, the endochronic theory combined with the principle of virtual work was used to simulate the relationship among the moment, curvature and ovalization of thin-walled tubes under cyclic bending. An empirical formulation was proposed for simulating the relationship between the moment range and the number of cycles necessary to produce buckling for thin-walled tubes subjected to cyclic bending with different moment ratios. The results of the experimental investigation and the simulation are in good agreement with each other.

Multislice CT Scans in Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Emphasis on Hemodynamic Changes and Imaging Pitfalls

Kao-Lang Liu,Yu-Feng Wang,Yeun-Chung Chang,Shu-Chien Huang,Shyh-Jye Chen,Yuk-Ming Tsang,Chin-Chen Chang 대한영상의학회 2014 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.15 No.3

This pictorial review provides the principles of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support and associated CT imaging features with emphasis on the hemodynamic changes and possible imaging pitfalls encountered. It is important that radiologists in ECMO centers apply well-designed imaging protocols and familiarize themselves with post-contrast CT imaging findings in patients on ECMO.

Buckling failure of 310 stainless steel tubes with different diameter-to-thickness ratios under cyclic bending

Kao-Hua Chang,Kuo-Long Lee,Wen-Fung Pan 국제구조공학회 2010 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.10 No.3

In this paper, experimental and theoretical investigations on the response and collapse of 310 stainless steel tubes with different diameter-to-thickness ratios subjected to cyclic bending are discussed. The tube-bending device and curvature-ovalization measurement apparatus were used to conduct the experiment. The endochronic theory combined with the principle of virtual work and finite element software, ANSYS, were used to simulate the moment-curvature and ovalization-curvature relationships. It is shown that although the two methods lead to good simulation of the moment-curvature relationship, the endochronic theory combined with the principle of virtual work has the better simulation of the ovalization-curvature response when compared with experimental data and the simulation by ANSYS. In addition, the theoretical formulations proposed by Kyriakides and Shaw (1987) and Lee et al. (2001) were used to simulate the controlled curvature뻨umber of cycles to produce buckling relationship. It is shown that the theoretical formulations effectively simulate the experimental data.

Infusion of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves Regenerative Niche in Thioacetamide-Injured Mouse Liver

Kao Ying-Hsien,Lin Yu-Chun,Lee Po-Huang,Lin Chia-Wei,Chen Po-Han,Tai Tzong-Shyuan,Chang Yo-Chen,Chou Ming-Huei,Chang Chih-Yang,Sun Cheuk-Kwan 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2020 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.17 No.5

Background: This study investigated whether xenotransplantation of human Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) reduces thioacetamide (TAA)-induced mouse liver fibrosis and the underlying molecular mechanism. Methods: Recipient NOD/SCID mice were injected intraperitoneally with TAA twice weekly for 6 weeks before initial administration of WJ-MSCs. Expression of regenerative and pro-fibrogenic markers in mouse fibrotic livers were monitored post cytotherapy. A hepatic stallate cell line HSC-T6 and isolated WJ-MSCs were used for in vitro adhesion, migration and mechanistic studies. Results: WJ-MSCs were isolated from human umbilical cords by an explant method and characterized by flow cytometry. A single infusion of WJ-MSCs to TAA-treated mice significantly reduced collagen deposition and ameliorated liver fibrosis after 2-week therapy. In addition to enhanced expression of hepatic regenerative factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and PCNA proliferative marker, WJ-MSC therapy significantly blunted pro-fibrogenic signals, including Smad2, RhoA, ERK. Intriguingly, reduction of plasma fibronectin (pFN) in fibrotic livers was noted in MSC-treated mice. In vitro studies further demonstrated that suspending MSCs triggered pFN degradation, soluble pFN conversely retarded adhesion of suspending MSCs onto type I collagen-coated surface, whereas pFN coating enhanced WJ-MSC migration across mimicked wound bed. Moreover, pretreatment with soluble pFN and conditioned medium from MSCs with pFN strikingly attenuated the response of HSC-T6 cells to TGF-β1-stimulation in Smad2 phosphorylation and RhoA upregulation. Conclusion: These findings suggest that cytotherapy using WJ-MSCs may modulate hepatic pFN deposition for a better regenerative niche in the fibrotic livers and may constitute a useful anti-fibrogenic intervention in chronic liver diseases.

Mean moment effect on sharp-notched circular tubes under cyclic bending

Kao-Hua Chang,Kuo-Long Lee 대한기계학회 2013 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.27 No.9

This study discusses an experimental investigation of the effect of the mean moment on the response and collapse of sharp-notched circular tubes subjected to cyclic bending. To highlight the influence of the mean moment effect, five different moment ratios r (minimum moment / maximum moment) were experimentally investigated. We found that the moment-curvature loop gradually shrinks, and stabilizes after a few cycles for r = -1. However, the moment-curvature loop exhibits ratcheting and increases with the number of cycles for r ≠ -1. In addition, the ovalization-curvature curve shows unsymmetrical, ratcheting and increasing manner with the number of cycles for any r. Finally, the empirical formulation proposed by Chang et al. [1] was modified to simulate the relationship between the controlled moment range and the number of cycles necessary to produce buckling. The results of the experimental investigation and the simulation were in good agreement with each other.

Viscoplastic response and collapse of 316L stainless steel tubes under cyclic bending

Kao-Hua Chang,Shane-Rong Sheu,Chien-Min Hsu,Wen-Fung Pan 국제구조공학회 2005 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.5 No.5

This paper presents the experimental and theoretical results of the viscoplastic response and collapse of 316L stainless steel tubes subjected to cyclic bending. The tube bending machine and curvatureovalization measurement apparatus, which was designed by Pan et al. (1998), were used for conducting the cyclic curvature-controlled experiment. Three different curvature-rates were controlled to highlight the characteristic of viscoplastic response and collapse. Next, the endochronic theory and the principle of virtual work were used to simulate the viscoplastic response of 316L stainless steel tubes under cyclic bending. In addition, a proposed theoretical formulation (Lee and Pan 2001) was used to simulate the relationship between the controlled cyclic curvature and the number of cycles to produce buckling under cyclic bending at different curvature-rates (viscoplastic collapse). It has been shown that the theoretical simulations of the response and collapse correlate well with the experimental data.

GRASS 멀티미디어 기본 교수법에 적용한 창조적 디자인의 개발에 관한 연구 - 인터랙티브 디자인 과정 사례를 중심으로 -

( Kao Hsuan Jan ) 한국사진학회 2018 AURA Vol.0 No.41

본 연구는 GRASS 멀티미디어의 기본적인 교수방법을 개발하기 위해 진행되었다. 검색 엔진, 키워드 수집 연구, 스타일 모방을 통해 기본 멀티미디어 디자인 코스에 대해 연구가 진행되었다. 본 연구는 두 가지 연구목적을 갖고, 질적 사례연구를 수행하였다. 연구목적은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 학생들이 다목적 멀티미디어 디자인 실습과목에서 개발한 창조적 디자인을 어떻게 공부하고 있는지에 대해 분석한다. 둘째, 학생들이 멀티미디어 디자인 실습 과정에서 창조적 디자인을 개발하기 위해 GRASS 멀티미디어 기본 수업 방법을 어떻게 공부, 적용하는 지에 대해 분석한다. 연구결과는 두 가지 측면으로 요약될 수 있다. 첫째, 창조적 디자인 개발을 위한 다목적 기본 멀티미디어 디자인 실습 상의 교수법 개선과 학습 상태. 둘째, 멀티미디어 디자인 실습 상의 창조적 디자인 개발을 위한 GRASS 멀티미디어 기본 교수법의 적용방식. 본 연구결과에 기반하여, 해당 연구는 결론적으로 멀티미디어 창조적 디자인의 공부와 교수법에 대해 상세하게 정의를 내린 데에 의의가 있다.