진주 촉석루 제영시의 제재적 성격

하강진(Ha, Kang-Jin) 한국문학회 2008 韓國文學論叢 Vol.50 No.-

촉석루 제영시는 진주 지역의 문학성을 대표하는 문학 갈래로서 인정받고 있다. 촉석루는 역사적으로 흥폐를 반복했고, 누각 존립의 실태에 따라 형상화된 시적 의미도 다양한 편폭을 지니고 있다. 이는 촉석루 시를 이해할 때 치밀한 제재 분석이 전제되어야 함을 의미한다. 제재로서의 촉석루는 누각들의 변천 과정, 누각의 배치 형태, 누각의 심미적 요소 등의 특징을 포괄하는 개념이다. 기존의 연구에서도 이를 검토했지만, 결과가 불충분하거나 역사적 실체와 합치되지 않은 점이 더러 있다. 따라서 여러 문헌과 자료를 통해 본고에서 규명한 새로운 결과는 제재 접근에 있어서 중요한 정보를 제공할 것이다. 촉석루는 여러 차례 중수를 거쳤는데, 기존의 경우 일곱 번으로 보고 있으나 1786년과 1887년 두 차례 더 중수가 있었던 사실을 추가로 밝혔다. 이로써 18세기 이후 200여 년간의 중수 공백을 채울 수 있게 되었다. 그리고 1593년 제2차 진주성 전투에서 성이 함락될 때 촉석루는 전소되지 않았고, 일부가 훼손된 것으로 보는 것이 실제에 부합함을 알았다. 촉석루는 단독 건물로 존재한 것이 아니라 서각과 동각을 부속 누각으로 거느린 웅장한 건물 구조였음을 구체적으로 밝혔다. 흔히 이를 간과하고 있지만, 임란 전까지만 해도 촉석루는 쌍청당과 임경헌을 서각으로, 함옥헌과 청심헌을 동각으로 거느렸다. 부속 누각은 임란 때 모두 소실되었는데, 서각은 끝내 복구되지 않았고, 동각은 곧바로 중수되었다. 이중 청심헌은 적어도 1757년 이전에 벌써 훼철되었고, 함옥헌만 유일하게 존속되다가 20세기 초에 사라졌다. 이는 촉석루 본루만 기억되는 현재의 고정 관념과는 아주 다름을 보여준다. 촉석루는 부속 누각의 존재로 승경에 대한 심미적 흥취가 더욱 배가되었다. 한편 임진왜란의 특수한 경험은 촉석루의 제재 영역을 확장하고 주제의식을 전환시켰다. 즉 왜적에 대한 집단적 적개심, 전후 누각 중건에 따른 희열과 민족 자부심 등은 촉석루 제재에서 발견한 새로운 인식 내용이다. 특히 임진 사적을 대표하는 의암, 의암사적비, 의기사 등에 상징화된 충의 정신은 근대에도 여전히 촉석루 제영시에 적극적으로 수용되었다는 점이다. 의암사적비는 의암 위 언덕의 비각 안에 세워져 있다. 하지만 이 비석은 원래 촉석루의 부속 누각인 동각 위에 건립되었는데, 옛 지도나 개인 일기를 통해서 그 실재를 최초로 입증했다. 이보다 약간 뒤에 나라로부터 사액을 받아 의암 위에 정려각을 건립했는데, 19세기 이후 어느 때에 현 위치로 비석을 이전함으로써 지금과 같은 의외의 형태로 되었을 뿐이다. 이로써 의기 정표로서 의암사적비는 거의 동시대에 정려각과는 따로 존재했고, 애초의 위치는 지금의 장소가 아닌 촉석루 위쪽이었음이 새롭게 드러났다. 촉석루가 역사적으로 변천한 실체에서 보듯이 제재에 대한 치밀한 분석은 작품 해석과 감상의 기초적 단계로서 의의가 있는데, 본고를 통해서 충분히 다루지 못한 부분은 앞으로도 계속 논의할 필요가 있다. The Chok-seok Pavilion(矗石樓) was a subject material of many poems because the Chok-seok Pavilion, located on a cliff beside the Nam River(南江) in Jin-ju(晉州), had an excellent view and historicity at various times. It is necessary to understand the historical transition process of the Chok-seok Pavilion to appreciate highly literary poems on the Chok-seok Pavilion which is representative of Jin-ju. The Chok-seok Pavilion has been rebuilt nine times since it was founded about the middle of the time of Gor-yeo(高麗) dynasty at first time. Most literatures have described that the Chok-seok Pavilion was totally destroyed by fire during the second Jin-ju castle combat in 1593. It was adequate that the Chok-seok Pavilion was destroyed in part at that time. The Chok-seok Pavilion was a huge scale with annexes. The annexes in the east werethe Harm-ok Pavilion(涵玉軒) and Chungsim Pavilion(淸心軒).There were the Ssang-chung House(雙淸堂) and the Im-kyeong Pavilion(臨景軒) in the west at different periods. The pavilions in the west destroyed by fire during the Im-jin war(壬辰亂) have never rebuilt. The Harm-ok Pavilion continued to exit for about 400 years and, however, was disappeared at the beginning of the 20 century. This fact was mentioned in the article for the first time. The main themes of the poems on the Chok-seok Pavilion were the gusto of refined taste due to the aesthetic characteristic of the Pavilion and the pride of Jin-ju. After the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1593, many poems expressed the collective hostility against the enemy Japan, the delightful feelings about the reconstruction of the Chok-seok Pavilion, and the ethnical pride. This characteristic change of the topics diversified the subjects of the works. The representatives of the characteristic change were specific None-Gae's historical relics(論介事蹟) such as the Public-spirited Rock(義巖),the Monument of the Public-spirited Rock(義巖事蹟碑),the Shrine of Public-spirited Gisaeng(義妓祠). They became the symbolic spaces giving literary men deep impression. Owing to this, the topics of the Chok-Seok Pavilion extended to the integrated image of a beautiful scenery and fidelity to the country and deepened the subjects of the poems on the Chok-Seok Pavilion.

Days to Germination and Effect of Growth Regulator on Rhizome Growth in Cymbidium goeringii Hybrid

Kang,Tae-Jin,Yang,Deok-Chun 한국자원식물학회 2003 Plant Resources Vol.6 No.2

Germination efficiency, such as days to germination and conditions for the hybrid seeds, was tested after hybrid seeds were sown on the medium. Seeds were germinated from 67 to 126 days after seeding in all cross combinations, and germination condition was different among hybrid combinations. There was big difference on days to germination based on the different media, that is, days to germination in the hyponex medium was shorter than that in the Knudson C medium. Mutants such as MMS and NaN₃ were used to cause mutation. Germination occurred with 0.1 % NaN₃ and MMS. However, even though germination occurred in other treatments (0.01 % and 0.2% of NaN₃ and MMS), brownish phenomenon was intense, or did not proceed and got worse after 4-5 months of seeding. In addition, it was performed to choose appropriate medium for the growth of Cymbidium rhizome whose media adaptability is more different than other orchids. Different concentration of NAA and Kinetin was used. As a result, C. goeringii hybrid showed difference for the concentration of NAA and Kinetin combination.

치조열 환자에서의 치아형태이상, 결혼치 및 위치이상에 대한 임상적 연구

강진한,최진영,이종호,정필훈,김명진 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2000 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.22 No.5

Until recent time many studies for relationship of dental abnormalities and cleft lip and palate were reported, higher prevalence of abnormality was revealed. The patients with large cleft size had significantly more missing teeth than patients with small cleft size. The tooth that is most usually missed in normal population is the mandibular second premolar, followed by the maxillary lateral incisor and the upper second premolar. The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of dental abnormalities and ectopic eruption in patients with cleft alveolus visiting our hospital. Radiographs, dental cast and records from about 60 patients were analysed to find the relation of missing, malformed, malpositioned tooth and delayed eruption and cleft site.

A New Sesame Variety, “Kangbaek” with Disease Resistance, Lodging Tolerence and High Yield

Kang-Bo Shim,Churl-Whan Kang,Suk-Bok Pae,Si-Kyu Lim,Yu-Young Lee,Duck-Yong Suh,Jae-Whan Rho,Jin Song,Dong-Whi Kim,Ho-Young Kim 한국육종학회 2005 한국육종학회지 Vol.37 No.5

A new sesame variety Kangbaek was developed from Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute in 2004. Cros wasmade by lodging resistant SP9003-3 line to the F1with high yielding capacity, folowed by pedigree selection, yield test and RYT by the sesame breeding team at the National Insti-tute of Crop Science up to 2003. The variety showed higher disease resistance, especially phytophothra disease, and lodging resis-respectively. It's 1000 grains weight was about 2.54 g indicating 0.03 g heavier than that of Yangbaekkae, and it's oil content wasabout 52%. Kangbaek also contained total 7.65mg/g of such lignans as sesamin and sesamolin. The average yield of Kang-baek was 82 kg per 10a at the national-wide regional performance.

Investigation of the April 2000 forest fire damage in Kang-won Province, Korea, using RADARSAT data

Kang, Sung Chul,Seo, Jin Won,Lee, Tae Hee,Park, Sang Eun,Hong, Suk Young,Moon, Wooil M. 대한원격탐사학회 2000 International Symposium on Remote Sensing Vol.16 No.1

The series of forest Fires in Kangwon Province in April, 2000, were one of the mast serious ones in the Kang-won Province in recent years. The fire damaged areas are extensive and this paper investigates the utility of the satellite image data, particularly the RADARSAT SAR data. One of the main objectives of this study included evaluation of potential usefulness of the C-band RADARSAT data in the detection of forest fires in mountainous areas. Among several fire damaged sites, the area near Samchuk (city) was selected as the main study area and mufti-temporal RADARSAT(raw) data were acquired and the processed results were comparatively investigated with the IRS-1c data acquired shortly after the fire. To identify the burnt area from the undamaged background in the optical imagery, supervised classification and NDVI processing were carried out and tested with the IRS-1C data. For this experiment, several sets of raw RADARSAT standard and Fine mode (S4, F3, ascending orbit) data were processed and the final image was formed. In addition to the final image, sigma nought (σ°) was catnputed and compared for the burnt area against the undamaged areas. Because of the steep slopes in the study area and subsequent deviation from the flat surface scattering models, the fire scars in the sigma nought (σ°) image were not apparent. However, fire scars are slightly detected in the difference and ratio images obtained from the signal intensity data acquired at different dates (bath before and after fire). Texture analysis of the image data including the burnt areas were carried out using the Multiplicative Markov Random-Field (MMRF) algorithm. The detection of the fire damaged area from both standard mode and fine mode RADARSAT was not as straightforward as in optical data. However, Previous studies with ERS-1 S_AR and RADARSAT data in Indonesia and in the North American Plains indicate that C-band SAR data provide us with an effective tool for studying the forest fire damages. However, the application of C-band SAR data to the analysis of the forest fire areas requires careful processing of the data with realistic scattering models.

Differential Manifestation of Ocular Phenotypes in TALEN-mediated p19arf Knockout FVB/N and C57BL/6J mouse lines

Jin‑Sung Park,Joo‑Il Kim,Hyun‑Jin Lim,Soo‑Kyung Ryu,Euna Kwon,Kang‑Min Han,Ki‑Taek Nam,Han‑Woong Lee,Byeong‑Cheol Kang 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.9

Background p19arf, primarily known as a tumor suppressor, has also been reported to play an essential role in normal development of mouse eyes. Consistently, lack of p19arf has been associated with ocular defects, but the mixed background of the knockout (KO) mouse strain used raised a concern on the accuracy of the phenotypes observed in association with the targeted gene due to genetic heterogeneity. Object We carried out a study to investigate into the efect of genetic background on the manifestation of p19arf KO associated phenotypes. Methods We characterized the phenotypes of novel p19arf KO mouse lines generated in FVB/N and C57BL/6J using a transcription activator-like efector nuclease (TALEN) system in comparison to the reported phenotypes of three other p19arf-defcient mouse lines generated using homologous recombination. Results Ninety-fve percent of FVB/N-p19arf KO mice showed ocular opacity from week 4 after birth which worsened rapidly until week 6, while such abnormality was absent in C57BL/6J-p19arf KO mice up to the age of 26 weeks. Histopathological analysis revealed retrolental masses and dysplasia in the retinal layer in FVB/N-p19arf KO mice from week 4. Besides these, both strains developed normally from birth to week 26 without increased tumorigenesis except for a subcutaneous tumor found in a C57BL/6J-p19arf KO mouse. Conclusion Our fndings demonstrated surprisingly variable manifestation of p19arf-linked phenotypes between FVB/N and C57BL/6J mice, and furthermore between our mouse lines and the established lines, indicating a critical impact of genetic background on functional study of genes using gene targeting strategies in mice.

Localization of Antigenic Sites at the Amino-terminus of Rinderpest Virus N Protein Using Deleted N Mutants and Monoclonal Antibody

Kang-seuk Choi,Jin-ju Nah,Young-joon Ko,Shien-young Kang,Yi-seol Joo 대한수의학회 2003 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.4 No.2

of Antigenic Sites at the Amino-terminus of Rinderpest Virus N Protein Using Deleted N Mutants and Monoclonal AntibodyKang-seuk Choi*, Jin-ju Nah, Young-joon Ko, Shien-young Kang1 and Yi-seok JooNational Veterinary Research and Quarantine service, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, 480 Anyang, Gyounggi 430-824, Korea1Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, 48 Gaeshin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, KoreaReceived April 2, 2003 / Accept July 10, 2003J. Vet. Sci. (2003), 4(2), 167-173JOURNAL OFVeterinaryScience*Corresponding author: Kang-seuk Choi National Veterinary Research and Quarantine service, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, 480 Anyang, Gyounggi 430-824, Korea Tel: +82-31-467-1860, Fax: +82-31-449-5882 E-mail: choiks@nvrqs.go.kr

RAPD Pattern of Ginseng(Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) Lines Containing High Level of Ginsenoside

Kang,Tae-Jin,Kim,Se-Young,Rho,Yeong-Deok,Deok-Chun 한국자원식물학회 2003 Plant Resources Vol.6 No.3

The important component for medical effect in ginseng is ginsenoside. Korea Ginseng & Tobacco Research Institute contains approximately 200 lines produced by inbred selection. It is assumed that ginseng lines containing high level of ginsenoside should be included in those lines. Besides, new breeding methods such as cell line selection in vitro and hairy root were recently developed. Therefore, this study was carried out to detect genes related to ginsenoside, and to use it for selection marker to select and distribute lines containing high level of ginsenoside. DNA was extracted from both ginseng roots and hairy roots, and the difference between the line containing high ginsenoside(KG101) and normal ginsenoside(KG103) were analysed. As a result, 28 out of 36 primers showed bands, and many primers showed band difference between ginseng lines. It is considered that the bands should be analysed using DNA sequence comparison to check if those are related to ginsenoside. In case of hairy roots of ginseng, almost no differences were found between two lines.

The Effect of Cultural Factors on Anther Culture in Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Kang,Tae-Jin,Yang,Deok-Chun 한국자원식물학회 2003 Plant Resources Vol.6 No.2

Effects of shaking, medium consistency and anther density on polyhaploid production in two wheat cultivars, Pavon and Chris, were studied using a modified 85D12 medium. Pavon produced more calli in shaking and more albino plants tban Chris. However, Chris produced threefold more green plants than Pavon in non-shaking treatment. More calli and green plants were derived from non-shaking treatment than those from shaking treatment. Anthers were cultured on both liquid and semi-solid 85D12 media, using two anther densities, 48 and 96 anthers per plate. Although Pavon generally produced more calli and albino plants than Chris, Chris produced more green plants than Pavon. More green plants were derived from semi-solid medium than those from liquid medium. A factor that may affect plant regeneration from anthers is the length of time on initiation medium. Most of the calli for both genotypes were transferred during the first two time periods. Fertility, as measured by seed set, was determined for all surviving regenerated plants. About 24% of Chris and Pavon anther-derived green plants in the experiment of medium consistency and anther density produced seed.

Physicochemical and Textural Properties of Noodles Prepared from Different Potato Varieties

Kang, Jinsoo,Lee, Jungu,Choi, Moonkyeung,Jin, Yongik,Chang, Dongchil,Chang, Yoon Hyuk,Kim, Misook,Jeong, Yoonhwa,Lee, Youngseung The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2017 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.22 No.3

This study was performed to investigate the quality characteristics of noodles made from four different potato varieties: Atlantic, Go-un, Sae-bong, Jin-sun, and wheat flour. Quality characteristics of five noodles were analyzed by general components analysis, cooking quality (rate of water absorption, cooking loss, and volume increase), and mechanical textural properties. Some variations existed in wheat- or potato-based noodles for the general components analysis, but no clear trend was observed. Higher values in the rates of water absorption, cooking loss, and volume increase were observed for the wheat flour noodle, while some variations were observed for potato noodles depending on the variety. The wheat flour noodles exhibited higher values of textural characteristics obtained from the texture profile analysis, except for adhesiveness. Higher gluten contents as well as lower ash contents in the wheat flour noodles compared to the potato noodles are thought to be the two key factors contributing to this finding.