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Noriaki Itoh,Chihiro Itoh,Junichi Kanasaki 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2016 NANO Vol.11 No.6
Modification by electronic excitation of semiconductor surfaces and carbon-related quasi-twodimensional (2D) nanostructured materials, namely graphene, carbon nanotubes is reviewed. Defect creation in these materials takes place not by low-intensity photoirradiation, but by laser or electron irradiation. The defect creation processes are different from ordinary photochemical processes in molecules or in some solids like alkali halides, which can be modified by a localized exciton. It is pointed out that there are common features in defect creation by electronic excitation in semiconductor surfaces and carbon-related quasi-2D nanomaterials: the yield-intensity relation shows strong superlinearity for laser irradiation near the bandgap energies and linearity or weak superlinearity for higher energy electron or photon irradiation. These results are explained in terms of multi-hole localization, in which bonds are weakened more strongly and more energy is available upon recombination with trapped electrons in comparison with excitons. The multi-hole localized state is considered to be realized by the creation of dense excitons or by cascade excitation for laser irradiation and by multiple excitations or multiple exciton generation by single impacts for electron irradiation. The review includes also polymerization of C60 films by electronic excitation, which is induced by low-intensity photoirradiation as well as by laser or electron irradiation. The experimental observation that laser or electron irradiation polymerize C60 films differently from low-intensity photoirradiation is explained in terms of multi-hole localization similar to the defect formation mechanism. Although fragmentation of C60 is due to electronic excitation of the molecule, it is included in the review because its yield is strongly superlinear for laser irradiation near bandgap energies and weakly superlinear for high-energy electron or photon irradiation as for other cases.
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Anti-aging molecule, Sirt1: a novel therapeutic target for diabetic nephropathy
Shinji Kume,Munehiro Kitada,Keizo Kanasaki,Hiroshi Maegawa,Daisuke Koya 대한약학회 2013 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.36 No.2
Caloric restriction prolongs the lifespan ofmany species. Therefore, investigators have researched theusefulness of caloric restriction for healthy lifespan extension. Sirt1, an NAD?-dependent deacetylase, was identifiedas a molecule necessary for caloric restriction-related antiagingstrategies. Sirt1 functions as an intracellular energysensor to detect the concentration of NAD?, and controlsin vivo metabolic changes under caloric restriction andstarvation through its deacetylase activity to many targetsincluding histones, nuclear transcriptional factors, andenzymes. During the past decade, investigators havereported the relationship between disturbance of Sirt1activation and the onset of aging- and obesity-associateddiseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and neurodegenerativedisorders. Consequently, a calorie restriction-mimetic action of Sirt1 is now expected as a newtherapy for these diseases. In addition, recent studies havegradually clarified the role of Sirt1 in the onset of kidneydisease. Its activation may also become a new target oftreatment in the patients with chronic kidney diseaseincluding diabetic nephropathy. In this article, we wouldlike to review the role of Sirt1 in the onset of kidney diseasebased on previous studies, and discuss its possibility as thetarget of treatment in diabetic nephropathy.
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