[발제강연 Ⅱ] 새로운 형태의 武力衝突과 國際人道法의 발전방향

申珏秀(Kak-Soo SHIN) 大韓赤十字社 人道法硏究所 2003 人道法論叢 Vol.- No.23

國際刑事裁判所의 管轄權과 提訴裝置

申珏秀 國際人權法學會 1998 國際人權法 Vol.2 No.-

디지탈 계전기법에 의한 전선로 보호의 최적화

신명철,김철환,성낙환 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1990 論文集 Vol.41 No.1

To maintain the high reliability and stability in the large scale electric power system for a stabilized power supplying, it requires an accurate high speed digital distance relaying techniques. For this purpose, when it comes to faults with the power system, the digital distance relaying techniques must be investigated to extract the fundamental frequency component and to predict fault location. In this thesis, it is presented the methodology of DFT(discrete Fourier transform), which accompanied aliasing, picket -fence effect, and leakage in the process of extracting fundamental frequency component and an algorithm of extracting fundamental frequency component, using the Kalman filter theory to improve upon these disadvantages. Also, a two-state and three---state Kalman filter are considered for the symmetrical components estimatin of voltages and currents respectively. It is presented an efficient digital distance relaying techniques for the purpose of extracting fundamental frequency component. Also, to confirm the validity of Kalman filtering techniques, it is shown the experimental results obtained by using the digital simulation of power system. And, it is discussed the extracted results of fundamental frequency components by means of the Fourier transform and Kalman filtering techniques.

條約에 관한 國家承繼

申珏秀(Kak-Soo Shin) 대한국제법학회 1982 國際法學會論叢 Vol.27 No.1

Macroblock type mapping method in MPEG-2 to H.264 video transcoder

Hyo-Kak Kim,Sang-Hee Park,Jong-Won Jung,Sung-Jea Ko 대한전자공학회 2007 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2007 No.7

This paper presents a macroblock (MB) type mapping method which considers a subtle difference of skipped-macroblock in MPEG-2 and H.264/AVC. A bitstream compressed by H.264 contains much more skipped- MB than a bitstream compressed by MPEG-2 does since H.264 adopts an improved concept of skipped-MB. Experimental results show that the proposed method takes advantage of the improved skipped-MB of H.264 fully.

Clinical Significance of the Peritumoral Decreased Uptake Area on Hepatobiliary Phase of Gadoxetic Acid-enhanced MRI in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

( Seung Kak Shin ),( Yun Soo Kim ),( Young Sup Shim ),( Seung Joon Choi ),( So Hyun Park ),( Dong Hae Jung ),( Oh Sang Kwon ),( Duck Joo Choi ),( Ju Hyun Kim ) 대한간학회 2016 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2016 No.1

Aims: Vascular invasion is the most important predictive factor of tumor recurrence after resection in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, it has been suggested that the peritumoral decreased uptake area (PDUA) on hepatobiliary phase of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI could be shown in cases of the impaired hepatocyte function induced by decreased portal flow, and was associated with vascular invasion in HCC. The aims of our study were to clarify the clinicopathological characteristics of PDUA on hepatobiliary phase and to elucidate the predictability of the PDUA on tumor recurrence after resection. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological and radiological data from 194 consecutive HCC patients who underwent preoperative gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI and surgical resection between January 2008 and January 2016. The presence of a faint and hypointense area around the tumor in the hepatobiliary phase was defined as PDUA. Results: Of 194 HCCs, PDUA on hepatobiliary phase was observed in 25 cases (12.9%). Of 42 HCCs with microvascular invasion, PDUA was observed in 16 cases (38.1%) and of 16 HCCs with macrovascular invasion, PDUA was observed in 8 cases (50.0%). In multivariate analysis, tumor size (>5 cm) and microvascular invasion were significantly associated with PDUA. After a median follow-up period of 17.5 months, 17 of the 25 patients with PDUA (68.0%) suffered from tumor recurrence. The recurrent-free survival in group with PDUA after resection by Kaplan-Meier method with the log-rank test was significantly worse than that in group without PDUA (P=0.003). In addition, multivariate survival analysis using Cox``s regression identified that PDUA (HR =4.2; 95% CI 1.8-9.7; P=0.001) was an independent risk factor for recurrence after resection of HCCs less than 5 cm. Conclusions: PDUA on hepatobiliary phase of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI could be a useful preoperative predictor of microvascular invasion and prognosis factor after surgical resection in HCC.

Entecavir Improves Liver Function and Fibrosis in Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Cirrhosis: A 6Years-Multicenter Study

( Seung Kak Shin ),( Oh Sang Kwon ),( Jeong Han Kim ),( Chan Uk Lee ),( Jong Eun Yeon ),( Sang Jun Suh ),( Young Kul Jung ),( Hyung Joon Yim ),( Duck Joo Choi ),( Yun Soo Kim ),( Ju Hyun Kim ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: Previously we reported that entecavir (ETV) improves liver function and non-invasive fibrosis markers in patients with HBV-associated cirrhosis after 2 years of treatment (Shin et al. JGH, 2016). This study extended observational period (6 years) and aimed to verify same objects after 6 years of ETV treat-ment. Methods: Among 370 patients who were enrolled in 2 years-study of ETV, a total 283 naïve patients with HBV associated-cirrhosis was treated by ETV for at least 6 years in 4 tertiary institutions. For the evaluation of liver function or fibrosis, laboratory findings, model for end stage liver disease (MELD) score, Child-Pugh (CP) class, AST platelet ratio index (APRI), FIB- 4 index, fibrosis index (FI), and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) value were compared between the baseline and 6 years after ETV treatment. Results: The final 205 patients (mean age of 50±9 years; 64.2% male; 50.2% HBeAg-positive) were enrolled. The baseline ALT and HBV DNA levels were 139±205 IU/L and 6.9±1.2 log10 copies/mL, respectively. The ALT normalization and the undetectable HBV DNA rate after 6 years of ETV treatment were 87.3% and 99.0%, respectively. Changes in total bilirubin (1.9±2.7 to 1.1±0.6 mg/dL, P<0.001), albumin (3.7±0.6 to 4.2±0.4 g/dL, P<0.001), platelet count (105±44 to 124±53Í103/ mm3, P<0.001), and MELD score (8.5±4.6 to 5.9±4.6, P<0.001) were observed. The change of distribution in CP class (A:74.1%, B:21.0%, C:4.9% at baseline to A:96.1%, B:3.4%, C:0.5% at 6 years after ETV treatment) was observed. The changes in APRI score, FIB-4 index, and FI were from 3.7±5.4 to 0.8±0.7 (P<0.001), from 6.4±6.3 to 3.5±2.7 (P<0.001), and from 3.2±0.9 to 2.6±0.9 (P<0.001), respectively. The change in LSM value (n=55) was from 26.5±17.7 to 12.4±8.0 kPa (P<0.001). Conclusions: Long-term treatment with ETV improves liver function and fibrosis in patients with HBV-associated cirrhosis.

HBV : Efficacy of Entecavir and Adefovir Combination Therapy in Patients with Multi-antiviraldrug resistant Hepatitis B Virus

( Seung Kak Shin ),( Young Kul Jung ),( Seung Jun Jang ),( Hae Lim Baek ),( Hyun Hwa Yoon ),( Soo Yong Park ),( Min Young Rim ),( Hyeonsu Park ),( In Ku Yo ),( Oh Sang Kwon ),( Yun Soo Kim ),( Duck Jo 대한간학회 2013 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2013 No.1

Background: Multi-antiviral drug resistance is a major problem in the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is recommended for ADV or entecavir (ETV). However, until recently TDF was not available in Korea. ADV and ETV combination therapy may be a viable alternative to TDF in patients with either ADV or ETV resistance. This study investigated the efficacy of ADV and ETV combination therapy in patients with multidrug resistance. Methods: Forty-one patients were enrolled and were administered ADV and ETV combination therapy for at least 12 months. Blood was drawn at baseline and at 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months after commencing treatment, and virological response was analyzed. Results: After ADV and ETV combination therapy, ALT normalization was 68%, 73%, 80% 90%, and 93% in 12wks, 24wks, 36wks, 48wks, and 60 wks, respectively. HBV DNA reduction was -1.5, -1.8, -1.9, -1.8, and -1.9 log10IU/mL in 12wks, 24wks, 36wks, 48wks, and 60 wks, respectively. 29 of HBeAg positive patients showed the following low HBeAg seroconversion rate: 3%, 7%, and 10% in 24wks, 48wks, and 60wks, respectively. In addition, virological response group showed lower initial HBV DNA level (P=0.014) and lower HBeAg positive rate (P=0.016) compared with non-virological response group. Conclusions: ADV and ETV combination therapy could be considered in selected chronic hepatitis B patients who have low initial HBV DNA level and HBeAg negative status.

Usefulness of Linear Type Wireless Hand-Held Ultrasound for the Evaluation of Liver Surface Nodularity in Patents with Liver Cirrhosis

( Seung Kak Shin ),( Yun Soo Kim ),( Hannah Ra ),( Sangho Jeong ),( Hyung Nam Kim ),( Oh Sang Kwon ),( Duck Joo Choi ),( Ju Hyun Kim ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: Sonographic liver surface nodularity (LSN) is a useful parameter for diagnosis of liver cirrhosis (LC). Recently, easy-to-use linear type wireless hand-held ultrasound (wireless US) has been introduced. We aimed to assess the performance of wireless US compared to conventional ultrasound system (conventional US) in evaluating the LSN, and to verify the usefulness of LSN measured by wireless US in diagnosing LC. Methods: We enrolled 104 patients who underwent wireless US (SONON 300L, 10 MHz linear transducer, Healcerion), conventional US (Logic E9, 9 MHz linear transducer, GE) and Fibroscan for evaluation of liver diseases between March 2017 and January 2018. LSN measurement (LSNM, defined as the length of curve line in liver surface matching the 2-cm linear segment in left lateral segment) was used to objectively evaluate the LSN. Diagnosis of LC was based on clinical criteria, and was compared with fibroscan results. Results: Among 104 patients, 54 (51.9%) patients were diagnosed with LC. The mean liver stiffness measurement (LSM) on fibroscan (28.1±22.3 vs. 6.7±4.8, P<0.001) and LSNM on conventional US (2.075±0.459 vs. 2.028±0.119, P<0.001) were significantly different between LC and non-LC group. The mean LSNMs (2.051±0.034 vs. 2.052±0.041, P=0.13) on between wireless and conventional US by paired t-test were not significantly different. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of high LSNMs (≥ 2.04) on wireless US in diagnosing LC were 88.9%, 90.0%, 90.6%, and 88.2%, respectively. The mean LSMs (25.7±22.8 vs. 9.6±10.6 kPa, P<0.001) were significantly different between high LSNMs (≥ 2.04) and low LSNMs (<2.04) group. Conclusions: The ability of liver surface nodularity evaluation with wireless US was not inferior to conventional US. Linear type wireless hand-held ultrasound can be a useful tool to easily identify the liver surface nodularity for diagnosis of LC.

제천 시정(市政) 슬로건 비주얼 아이덴티티(S,V,I) 개발 연구

조각현 ( Kak Hyun Cho ) 한국기초조형학회 2011 기초조형학연구 Vol.12 No.4

1991년 지방의회와 1995년 지방자치단체장 선거로 시작된 지방자치제도는 벌써 민선 5기 지방정부 시대를 맞게 되었다. 지방자치제도는 주민의 의사를 기초로 한 지역발전과 민주주의 실천이라는 역할을 나름대로 수행해왔다. 지자체는 지역의 특색에 맞춰 대내외적으로 자기 지역의 브랜드 이미지를 만들어가는 작업에 관심과 노력을 경주하였는데, 이는 각 지자체가 지방행정에 마케팅 개념을 도입하고 지역을 브랜드로 만들어가는 브랜드 마케팅 시대를 의미하고 있다. 특히, 이러한 브랜드 활동의 대표적인 표현요소는 로고 마크와 캐릭터 개발, 그리고 슬로건 등이 있는데, 로고 마크와 캐릭터는 시각적인 요소가 강조된 이미지를 형성하는 것에 반해 슬로건은 브랜드의 정체성을 전달하는 광고카피 중 하나로만 인식되어왔다. 그러나 최근 과잉 양상을 보이는 지자체의 슬로건이 전략적?효과적 측면에서 제 기능과 역할이 되기 위해서는 시각적인 접근으로 재해석하여 슬로건의 언어학적 측면에서 조형적 측면으로 보다 진일보된 체계적인 작업 즉, 슬로건 아이덴티티가 필요하게 되었다. 따라서 본 연구는 제천시 시정(市政) 슬로건인 "건강휴양도시-제천, 성공경제도시-제천"에 대한 슬로건 비주얼 아이덴티티 개발을 목적으로 하고 있다. 1991 local council elections and heads of local governments started in 1995 local government system to suit the local government was 5th. Resident intentions of the local government system based on the practice of a local development and democracy have been conducting my own role. Especially local peculiarities of the region to meet both internal and external brand image of their area to make was interested in the work and effort, the local administration in each Local Government, which introduced the concept of marketing and branding and marketing the area to make the brand mean age Are. In particular, these brands represent the elements typical of the activities and character development of the logo, and slogan, and there, the logo and the character of the visual elements to form an image that emphasized the slogan while delivering the brand`s identity as one of the advertising copy Ten thousand has been recognized. But the recent pattern seen over the strategic slogan of municipalities. effective role in terms of my ability to be reinterpreted as a visual approach to the linguistic aspects of the slogan in the formative aspects was further more systematic work that is, the identity needs slogan Became. In this study, Jecheon Visibility slogan "health resort city - Jecheon, successful economy city - Jecheon" identity for the purpose of development is the slogan.