Acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease; subgroup analysis for causes, risk factors for mortality rate, and steroid responsiveness

( Seung Hyun Yong ),( Ah Young Leem ),( Song Yee Kim ),( Kyung Soo Chung ),( Ji Ye Jung ),( Young Ae Kang ),( Young Sam Kim ),( Joon Chang ),( Moo Suk Park ),( Hye Jin Jang ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2019 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.127 No.-

Background: Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) has known as a poor prognosis disease, particularly idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Corticosteroid is widely used for treatment of acute exacerbation (AE)-ILD. This study aims to clarify efficacy of corticosteroid use, and compare the mortality rate depending on the subgroups of ILD. Materials and Methods: We collected the data from the patients who have diagnosed ILD and visited emergency room (ER) with the respiratory symptoms from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018. We classified AE-ILD patients into 3 groups depending on methylprednisolone dose per kilogram. Also, we compared the mortality of IPF patients to that of non-IPF patients. Results: A total case of AE-ILD visited ER from 2016 to 2018 was 209 cases, including IPF cases (n=122) and non-IPF cases (n=87). We divided total patients (n=209) into three groups depending on steroid use, and these include group 1 of 0-0.49 mg/kg (n=78), group 2 of 0.5-0.99 mg/kg (n=58), and above 1.0 mg/kg (n=41), each. We found poor prognosis from the cases of IPF compared to non-IPF cases (p=0.029, OR 2.463). Furthermore, there was significant differences of mortality rate according to steroid dose (p=0.036, OR 1.712), CRP elevation (p=0.016, OR 1.004), and intubated case (p=0.000, OR 8.152). Also, we categorized IPF (n=122) to non-IPF cases (n=87) and analyzed the mortality rate. Most of the patients were death from ILD itself (n=23, 63.9%), Pneumonia(n=8, 22.2%), and Lung cancer (n=5, 13.9%). Bacterial infection (n=26) was dominant cause of AE, followed by fungal infection (n=15), and viral infection (n=10). Conclusions: This retrospective analysis of corticosteroid treatment shows more fatal outcome when we use high dose steroid in AE-ILD cases, and there was significant difference in mortality rate depending on the subgroup of ILD and medical background, such as intubation status, higher CRP level, and IPF cases.

[t]~[s] alternation in Korean loanwords

Kyung-Ae Choi 한국음운론학회 2002 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.8 No.2

Choi, Kyung-Ae. 2002. [t]~[s] alternation in Korean loanwords. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology. 8-2. 289-302. The purpose of this paper is to examine the controversial phenomenon [t]~[s] alternation which apprears when the lexicalized loanwords undergo nativization and analyze it in the framework of Optimality Theory. For this analysis. I preview vowel epenthesis phenomenon which is related to [t]~[s] alternation. The alternation should be explained by the consonant weakening process rather than the reanalysis of /t/ into [s] and by the interaction of the constraints OWC Max-IO(Feature) and PAL. (Mokwon University)

토론식 학습법을 원용한 영상 텍스트의 읽기 교육 방안 연구 -영화『친구』를 예로-

김경애 ( Kyung Ae Kim ) 한양대학교 현대영화연구소 2011 현대영화연구 Vol.7 No.2

This paper is written for demonstrating the fact that the learning method with discussion is very effective for reading out movie text. In the general education in university, the education on firms or pictures is very important. Because the university students contact firms and pictures whenever they want them by the machine so called ``smart phone`` or tablet PC. In this paper, I intend to explain and show the fact for example the Korean movie named 『Friend』 made by Kwak, Kyung-Tack. This movie has been studied by some learned men, but have been overlooked we can read it`s theme is in the opposite direction completely. On this paper, I see this situation positive and it use as the subject of discussion. On this paper, I divide the level of reading to 3 levels. The first level is ``the reading scene``, The second level is ``the reading out deep structure meaning``, and the third level is ``the reading out social and cultural context``. On the first level, I show the method of the reading scene. On the case of this movie, if a teacher make students to discuss on the problem of ``Was Jun-suk killed Dong-su?``, students can realize how to read scene easily. On the second level, in other word ``the reading out deep structure meaning``, I present two theme this movie have. In accordance with reading out, we can think this movie to deal with friendship or not. I have analyzed the reason of this phenomenon caused the main director didn`t make clear this problem. And it show the trace the main director confront actualism between idealism or realism between romanticism. On the third level, I show how to teach ``the reading out social and cultural context`` as an example. This level is the reading out of the life we attend and a kind of training. I make clear the fact the movie 『Friend』 have wrap the theory of violence with friendship. It is caused by the narrator Sang-tack. This fact must be comment. I select this movie as a strategy text, because I hope many students have the critic point of view for firms and pictures.

일 전문대학 간호과 학생들이 인지하는 강의평가 기준에 대한 조사연구

김정애,이애경,주미경,정안순,장은정,김정수,강정희,이정애 경복대학 2004 京福論叢 Vol.8 No.-

일개 전문대학 간호과 학생들을 대상으로 강의평가 기준을 파악하고자 하였다. 개방형 질문지를 이용하였으며 7개의 교수관련 강의평가 문항 각각에 대해 좋은 점수 및 나쁜 점수를 부여하는 기준을 조사하였다. 각 문항별로 다양한 기준이 확인되었으며, 간호과 학생들의 강의 만족도를 높일 수 있는 교수설계를 위한 기초 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다. We aimed to set standards for the student evaluation of instruction for college students of Nursing. We used an open questionaire and surveyed the standards for how students judge the instruction good of bad by using seven questions related to the instructor. Various standards set from each question could be used as basic materials to meet the students' needs in the classroom when the instructors try to find out new instructional design.

A study on the unexpected phonological change in the English loanwords in Korean from Japanese

Choi,Kyung-ae 한국사회언어학회 2012 사회언어학 Vol.20 No.1

Choi, Kyung-ae. 2012. A study on the unexpected phonological change in the English loanwords in Korean from Japanese. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 20(1). pp. 295-315. The purpose of this study is to inquire about sound change by tracing the transition of English loanwords in Korean, which came from Japan, from phonological and sociolinguistic perspectives. The Japanese-style English loanwords from an earlier period have been transformed into newly adjusted forms at a surprisingly rapid rate and many of them have shown unexpected sound changes which went against general Korean phonological rules. This shows that sound change is not necessarily expected to occur in accordance with language-specific phonological rules. It can occur through the political and sociological will of speakers against their native grammar at a surprisingly rapid rate.

임상실습 교육개선을 위한 간호학생의 간호활동시간 분석

이애경,김정애,주미경,정안순,장은정,김정수,강정희,이정애 경복대학 2001 京福論叢 Vol.5 No.-

신규간호사의 능력은 간호학생 때의 다양한 임상경험에 기초를 둔다. 따라서, 간호대학의 교수, 병원 지도자, 임상지도자는 간호학생들이 다양한 지식을 획득하고 간호기술을 경험할 수 있도록 도와주는 중요한 역할을 한다. 이 연구의 목적은 이러한 간호학생들의 임상실습에서 수행하는 간호활동과 간호활동 시간을 분석하고자 하는데 있다. 연구결과 간호학생 1인당 직접간호활동 시간은 185.5분(직접간호비율은 56.7%)으로 141.65분(간접간호 비율은 43.3%)인 간접간호활동 시간보다 많았다. 직접간호활동 시간 중 활력징후 측정이 51.9분으로 가장 많은 시간을 차지하였고, 간접간호활동 시간 중에는 차트보기가 22.98분으로 가장 많은 시간을 차지하였다. 전반적으로 기본적인 임상간호 수행기술에 소요되는 시간이 고도의 숙련된 간호기술을 수행하는데 드는 시간보다 많은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 본 연구결과를 토대로 간호대학의 지도자와 병원의 지도자 및 임상지도자가 함께 임상실습 교육과정의 지침서와 평가서를 평가할 필요가 있다고 제언하는 바이다. The competence of newly graduated nurses is based on various clinical experiences gained when they were students. Therefore, professors in nursing schools, directors in hospitals or preceptors must play a critical role in assisting them to obtain various knowledge and experienced nursing skills. The purpose of this study is to investigate nursing care activities and nursing care hours practiced by nursing students in clinical experience. The results of this study showed that the direct nursing care hours per each nursing student are 185.5 mins(direct nursing care rate 56.7%) and it is higher than indirect nursing care hours, 141.65 mins(indirect nursing care rate 43.3%). The hours of checking vital signs are the longest(51.9mins) among the direct nursing care activities, and the hours of reviewing chart are the longest(22.98mins) among the indirect nursing care activities. In general, the time of performing basic clinical nursing technique was higher than that of performing high skilled nursing technique. And nursing observation was higher than that of directly performing task. So, we suggest based on the results of this study as follows. It is needed for nursing instructors in nursing schools and hospitals together to evaluate the guidelines and check-list of clinical practice courses.

京畿巫俗에 관한 硏究 : 都堂굿의 儀式節次와 시나위춤을 中心으로 Through the Ceremonial Processes in Do-Dang Goot and Shinawi Dance

李愛京 同德女子大學校 1981 同大論叢 Vol.11 No.1

This theses is to study about the shamanism handed down to the Kyung-ki Province, focussing on the ceremonial processes in Do-Dang Goot, and Shinawi Dance. Do-Dang Goot, which is the Korean traditional religious festival for the welfare and the fertility of the village, still remains as one of the representative retuals for the mountain god. In this theses, the history and the ceremonial processes of Kyung-ki Do-Dang Goot are explained and the kinds of Shinawi Dance are carefully analyzed. By which we can see how artistically the lives and the beliefs of our ancestors are shown and study about the effects of the shaman dance on the existing Korean dances.

간호 학생의 임상실습 효율을 위한 기초 조사 연구

이애경,김정애,주미경,정안순,배경진,김정수,이정애,장은정 경복대학 2000 京福論叢 Vol.4 No.-

임상실습 교육은 간호이론을 실무에 적용하는 기회를 제공하는 과정으로서 임상실습이 간호교육의 중요한비중을 차지하고 있다는 것은 주지의 사실이다. 이러한 중요성에도 불구하고, 임상실습 교육에 즉각적인 해결이 어려운 많은 문제점이 있음도 이미 알고 있는 사실이다 이에 임상실습 교육의 기초 자료로 활용되고 있는 실습목록표에 대한 간호 학생들의 실습목표의 명확한 이해와 더불어 이론과 실습의 연계성을 강화시키고자 하였다. 성인간호, 모성간호, 이동간호 3개 영역 모두에서 공통적으로 기본임상간호 항목이나 기본간호술과 관련된 항목에서 직접수행의 빈도가 높았고 숙련된 기술적인 처치나 전문성을 필요로 하는 항목에서는 관찰과 수행경험이 부족한 것으로 나타났다. Clinical performance is not only the process of providing the opportunity for applying nursing theory into practice but also it is a well-known fact that clinical performance is an important part in nursing education. lnspite of this importance, it is also true that many problem with no immediate solution exist in clinical performance of nursing students. thus, through measuring and analyzing the degree of clinical experience of the nursing students, on the nursing checklist that is being used as the basic guide in clinical education, we tried to clearly understand the objectives of clinical performance and to emphasize the connection between theory and clinical performance. The results of the study showed that the frequency of directly performing tasks was high in all areas of adult health nursing, maternity nursing, and child nursing for the items of basics clinical nursing and items related with basic nursing techniques, and that the experiences of observation and execution were lacking in the items needing skilled treatment or speciality.

PEG에 의한 삼보감(Citrus sulcata Takahashi)과 오렌지(Citrus sinensis(L.) Osbeck var. Cara Red Naval)와의 원형질체 융합

양경애,홍경애,이옥영 제주대학교 방사능이용연구소 1999 연구보고 Vol.13 No.-

PEG-mediated protoplast fusion between Citrus sulcata Takahashi and Citrus sinensis(L.) Osbeck var. Cara Cara Red Navel was demonstrated to establish the biotechnological breeding of Citrus. The optimum enzyme composition for protoplast isolation was 0.5 % cellulase, 0.5 % macerozyme and 0.1 % pectolyase for Citrus sulcata Takahashi(Sambogam) and 0.3 % cellulase, 0.3 % macerozyme and 0.1 % drieselase for Citrus sinensis(L.) Osbeck var. Cara Cara Red Navel(CCRN), giving the protoplast yield of ∼ 1 x 106 protoplast / ml. The best plant materials could be obtained from young matured leaves(1 ∼2 months old) of Sambogam and 4 weeks old callus of CCRN. The optimum protoplast density for fusion and culture was 6 × 104∼ 1.5 × 105 protoplast / ml. The same volume of protoplast sample and PEG brought about the best fusion. One of the important factors to get good plantlets was to cultivate the protoplast under the dark condition until embryo formation(6 weeks). If the protoplast were cultivated under the light condition then microcalli grew loosely and finally died not to form embryo. The formed embryo were grown under the light condition for greening. Among 21 arbitrary primers, 6 primers(OPH-04 GGAAGTCGCC, OPM-13 AGCGTTCACTC, OPN-07 CAGCCCAGAG, OPH-15 AATGGCGCAG, OPAT-04 TTGCCTCGCC, OPAT-13 CTGGTCCAAG) showing different PCR band pattern between Sambogam and CCRN were selected. Using the selected primers, it was confirmed by the RAPD technique that the obtained plantlets was fused with Sambogam and CCRN.

간호계와 비간호계 대학생의 AIDS관련 지식 조사연구 : 경기지역 일개 전문대 재학생을 중심으로

이애경,김영희 경복대학 1997 京福論叢 Vol.1 No.-

후천성 면역결핍 증후군(AIDS)는 전세계적으로 그 심각성이 더해가고 있으며, 인류의 복지를 위협하는 무서운 질병이다. 최근들어 한국에서도 HIV감염지수가 증가하고 있는 추세이며, 1996년말 현재까지 608명의 환자가 발생되었다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 경기지역 일개 전문대 재학생을 중심으로 에이즈 예방교육을 실시하기에 앞서 그들이 갖고 있는 사전지식을 조사하고자 에이즈관련 지식에 대한 서술적 조사연구를 시도하였다. 연구대상자는 경기지역에 소재하는 일개 전문대 18세에서 26세까지의 재학생 242명으로 연구도구로 34문항의 질문지에 의하여 자가보고법으로 자료수집을 하였으며 실수, 백분율, 평균값, 유사성검정, t-test, ANOVA, 2-way ANOVA를 이용하여 자료를 분석하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다 : 1. 전체 대상자의 에이즈관련 지식점수는 평균17.67점이었고, 정답율의 범주는 47.2%-94.6%이었다. 2. 평균점수가 가장 낮은 문항은 '일단 에이즈균이 몸에 있으면 에이즈환자가 된다(47.2%)' 였는데, 이는 에이즈의 잠복기간을 잘 알고있지 못함을 보여주고 있다. 3. 비간호계 집단의 에이즈관련 지식정도는 간호계 집단에 비해 낮은 평균값을 보였는데, 이는 에이즈예방교육시 건강관련과목을 전공하지 않는 일반대학생들을 중심으로 하는 에이즈예방교육이 강조되어야함을 나타내주고 있다. 4. 대상자의 인구사회학적 특성에 따른 대상군의 에이즈관린 지식정도의 차이를 확인한 결과 전체 대상군에서 일반잡지를 통한 교육경험이 있는 집단이 교육경험이 없는 집단에 비해 지식점수가 높게 나타났으며, 비간호계 집단에서는 건강정보잡지를 통한 교육경험이 있는 집단이 교육경험이 없는 집단에 비해 지식점수가 높게 나타났고, 간호계에서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 육이 강조되어야함을 나타내주고 있다. 4. 대상자의 인구사회학적 특성에 따른 대상군의 에이즈관련 지식정도의 차이를 확인한 결과 전체 대상군에서 일반잡지를 통한 교육경험이 있는 집단이 교육경험이 없는 집단에 비해 지식점수가 높게 나타났으며, 비간호계 집단에서는 건강정보잡지를 통한 교육경험이 있는 집단이 교육경험이 없는 집단에 비해 지식점수가 높게 나타났고, 간호계에서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 딘이지 않았다. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) is threatened to human being's welfare is a far greater serious disease than most other disease. Recently HIV infectious clients are increasing tendency in Korea and the number of AIDS patients are 608 peoples in 1996. Therefore the purpose of this study was to identify the level of AIDS related knowledge before the eduaction of AIDS prevention of the college students at Kyung-gi area and the research design utilized in this study was a descriptive survey research. The subject were 242 college students where is at Kyung-gi area and they were 18-26 years old. The data were collected by self reporting with a questionnaire of 34 items and were analized by frequency, percentage, means, qui-square test, t or ANOVA test, and 2-way ANOVA. The results were as follows : 1. The Mean score of AIDS related knowledge was 17.67 and the correct answer rate of it was from 47.2% to 94.6%. 2. The lowest item was 'The person who has HIV get AIDS soon(47.2%).' and it was shown that the subject didn't know well about latent period of AIDS. 3. The mean score of a group who was majoring in non-nursing was lower than who was majoring in nursing and it must be empasized to AIDS preventive education for the group who was majoring of non-medicals. 4. The level of AIDS related knowledge as to demographic facter was revealed that the total group who had an learning experience through the magazine was high score of AIDS related knowledge than who had no experience, while the non-nursing group who had an learning experience through the jounal of health topics was high score of it than who had no experience., and it was not significant statistically in the nursing group.