역유동층 반응기와 삼상유동층 반응기를 이용한 유기물 제거에 관한 연구

박영식,안갑환,추석열,서근학,송승구 부산대학교 1995 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.48 No.-

구형의 섬유상 플라스틱을 media로 사용하여 3상 유동층 생물막 반응기와 역유동층 생물막 반응기로 유기물 제거효율을 비교 실험하였다. 유입수의 SCOD가 1800㎎/L였을 때 역유동층 생물막 반응기와 3상 유동층 생물막 반응기의 제거효율은 각각 94%, 92.5%였다. 유기물 부하율이 2㎏COD/㎥.day였을 때 역유동층 생물막 반응기의 미생물 농도는 2810㎎/L, 3상 유동층 생물막 반응기의 경우는 2300㎎/L 였다. 반응기 부피, 공기유량, media 형태 및 폐수성상이 모두 같은 조건에서는 두 반응기 모두 유기물 제거효율과 미생물 농도 등에서 거의 비슷한 거동을 나타내었다. A number of experiments were conducted to examine the COD removal efficency and the biomass concentration of the three phase fluidized bed biofilm reactor(TFR) and inverse fluidized bed biofilm reactor(IFR) using fibrous plastic ball and synthetic wastewater. When the influent SCOD was 1800㎎/L, SCOD removal efficiency of IFR and TFR were 94% and 92.5%, respectively. When organic loading rate was 2㎏COD/㎥.day, the biomass concentrations of the IFR and the TFR were 2810㎎/L and 2300㎎/L, respectively. When operated at the same conditions on reactor volume, air flow rate, media type and wastewater characteristic, two reactors showed a very similar performance.

수은화합물이 마우스 복강대식세포와 EMT-6 세포에 미치는 효과

고대하,염정호,기노석,오경재,권근상,김성엽,김남송 大韓産業醫學會 1996 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.8 No.2

Balb/c 마우스의 복강대식세포 및 유선암에서 기원한 EMT-6 세포를 배양하는 조건에 여러농도의 수은을 첨가하여 nitrite와 nitrate 생성의 변화를 관찰한 결과는 다음과 같다. 복강대식세포 및 EMT-6 세포가 생성하는 nitrite와 nitrate 양은 배양시작 12시간째의 생성량에 비해 24시간 후에는 2배, 36시간 후에는 3배의 농도로 측정되어 된다. 이때 nitrite와 nitrate 농도사이에는 매우 높은 상관관계를 나타냈다. 수은첨가에 따라 nitrite 및 nitrate 생성량은 용량의존적 관계로 현저한 감소를 보이며, 24시간 또는 36시간 후의 세포생존률도 역시 수은농도에 비례하여 감소되는데, 복강대식세포의 생존률이 EMT-6 세포의 생존률보다 더욱 큰 폭으로 감소하였다. 이상의 결과로 배양조건에 수은의 첨가로 인하여 nitrite 및 nitrate 생성량이 감소하는 바 수은이 면역세포의 대사과정에 영향을 주어 nitric oxide 생 성능을 억제시키며, 결국 세포성 면역을 저하시키는 것으로 사료된다. The effect of treatment of mercury chloride on the nitrite and nitrate synthesis was observed in peritoneal macrophages from Balb/c mice and EMT-6 cells in vitro. The cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) with cytokines. Amounts of nitrite and nitrate in the culture media after 24 and 36 hours of culture were about 2-fold, 3-fold of those measured after 12 hours respectively. There were very close associations between the amounts of nitrite and nitrate measured in the culture media, according to culture time. The survival rate of peritoneal macrophages was significantly decreased by mercury chloride added into the media in dose-dependent manner, however the survivals of EMT-6 cells were not influenced by mercury chloride concentration in media. Nitrite and nitrate syntheses were dose-dependently decreased by mercury chloride added in culture media. These results reported here suggest that the disorder of cell mediated immunity by mercurials could be related to the inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis which seems to be caused by the inhibition of metabolism of cells.

DECONTAMINATION OF NITRATES AND NITRITES IN WASTEWATER BY ZERO-VALENT IRON NANOPARTICLES

KUEN-SONG LIN,TIEN-DENG CHUANG,NI-BIN CHANG 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2008 NANO Vol.3 No.4

The chemical reduction of nitrate or nitrite species by zero-valent iron nanoparticle (ZVIN) in aqueous solution and related reaction kinetics or mechanisms using fine structure characterization were investigated. Experimentally, ZVIN of this study was prepared by borohydride reduction method at room temperature. The morphology of as-synthesized ZVIN shows that the nearly ball and ultrafine particles ranged of 20–50 nm were observed with FE-SEM analysis. The kinetic model of nitrites or nitrates reductive reaction by ZVIN is proposed as a pseudo-first-order kinetic equation. The nitrite and nitrate removal efficiencies using ZVIN were found 65–83% and 51–68%, respectively, based on three different initial concentrations. By using XRD patterns, the quantitative relationship between nitrite and Fe(III) or Fe(II) becomes similar to the one between nitrate and Fe(III) in the ZVIN study. The possible reason is linked with a faster nitrite reduction by ZVIN. In fact,the occurrence of the relative faster nitrite reductive reaction suggested that the passivation of the ZVIN have a significant contribution to iron corrosion. The XANES spectra show that the nitrites or nitrates reduce to N₂ while oxidizing the ZVIN to Fe₂O₃ or Fe₃O₄ electrochemically. It is also very clear that decontamination of nitrate or nitrite species in groundwater via the in-situ remediation with a ZVIN permeable reactive barrier would be environmentally attractive.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TITANIA NANOTUBES FOR DYE WASTEWATER TREATMENT

KUEN-SONG LIN,CHAO-CHUN LO,NI-BIN CHANG 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2008 NANO Vol.3 No.4

This paper starts with the preparation of anatase titania nanotube (TN) in large quantities by hydrothermal routes with different calcination temperatures, and then delves into a thorough investigation for the characterization of fine structures or formation mechanism of TN. Experimentally, anatase TiO2 nanoparticle was used as a precursor for TN synthesis. The results showed that the length and diameter of TN range are 50–100 nm and 10–15 nm, respectively. The XRD patterns and BET isotherms indicated that TN owns anatase-typed structures with a surface area of 292m2/g. By extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra, the valency and framework of TN are Ti(IV) with octahedral structures. The EXAFS data also revealed that TN has a first shell of Ti–O bonding with bond distances of 1.95 Å and coordination numbers were 2. The results revealed that the TiO2 anatase nanoparticles can be solved into layer under strong alkaline. The layer of TN further curling itself to reduce the energetics was postulated and found. For calcination temperature larger than 400°C, the microstructure of TN might transform from nanotube into nanoparticles accompanying with the sharp increase for the nanoparticle crystalline phase. With the understanding of pore structure variation on the basic dye (Basic Green 5 (BG5)), the adsorption ability, mechanisms, and kinetics of (Basic Green 5 (BG5)) dye onto TN were examined as well.

한국어 “크기” 명사 부류에 대하여

송근영(Kuen-Young Song),홍재성(Chai-Song Hong) 한국정보과학회 언어공학연구회 2001 한국정보과학회 언어공학연구회 학술발표 논문집 Vol.2001 No.10

센싱 데이터 전력량 모니터링 기반의 가십핑 확률 결정 알고리즘 및 센서 노드 제어

송호근(Ho Kuen Song),김광명(Kwang Myung Kim),박건용(Geon Yong Park),윤희용(Hee Yong Youn) 한국통신학회 2012 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.6

다중 에이전트 플랫폼 기반의 QoS를 보장하는 분산 군수 시스템

송호근(Ho Kuen Song),박건용(Geon Yong Park),심백선(Back Sun Sim),윤희용(Hee Yong Youn) 한국정보과학회 2012 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.39 No.1B

21세기에는 정보기술의 혁명적 발전과 함께 전쟁양상이 파격적으로 변화되어 가고 있다. 이에 따라, 분산 다중 에이전트 시스템을 위한 기술 발전이 중요시 되고 있는 상황이다. 분산 다중 에이전트 시스템을 위한 기술이 발전함에 따라 국방 분야에 연구가 활발하게 진행되어지고 있다. 그러나 지금까지 분산 다중에이전트에 대한 연구들이 기능적인 면에서만 집중되어 왔다. 본 논문에서는 ACL(Agent Communication Language) 메시지에서 파라미터를 Emergency, Normal, System로 추가함으로써 에이전트의 실시간성을 보장하는 'QoS(Quality of Service)를 보장한 분산 다중 에이전트 플랫폼' 제안하였다. 긴급한 메시지 전송 시 QoS Manager(QOMS)를 이용하여 스케줄링 하여 에이전트 플랫폼 시스템 성능 향상을 하는 방법을 제안한다.

3차원 오일러리안 확산모델을 이용한 악취물질의 확산 연구

송동웅(Dong-Woong Song),송창근(Chang-Kuen Song) 상지대학교 환경과학기술연구소 2004 환경과학연구 Vol.10 No.1

  안산지역은 인근 반월ㆍ시화공단에서 발생하는 악취 및 부유물질로 인한 민원이 그치지 않고 있으며 그 동안 지속적인 악취저감대책에도 불구하고 근원적 해결이 안 되고 있다. 특히, 안산지역은 국지풍인 해륙풍의 영향을 강하게 받는 연안도시로 해풍의 유입과 관련한 오염물질의 이동과 확산과정을 시뮬레이션 함으로써 악취 민원 발생지역의 범위 예측과 고농도 발생일의 원인규명 등을 위한 과학적이고도 정확한 분석이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 반월ㆍ시화공단에서 배출되는 악취물질이 해륙풍등의 국지순환에 의하여 이동, 확산되는 과정을 규명하기 위해 대기확산모델링을 실시하였으며 모니터링자료를 이용하여 모델의 재현성을 평가하였다.   There have been persistent civil appeals in Ansan area against the odor and aerosols emitted from nearby Banwol/Sihwa industrial complex. A fundamental solution for the good air quality has not been addressed yet in spite of the continuous counterplan to reduce odor emission. A systematic and scientific study is needed to examine the reason for the odor episode and to predict the impact coverage of odor pollution. An approach by computational simulation is considered to be adequate to investigate the transportation and the dispersion processes of air pollutants blown by sea breeze toward the coastal city, Ansan. This study has employed various dispersion models to simulate the transportation and the dispersion processes of odor pollutants by a local circulation between land/sea breeze using the data set of emission rates of odorous species from the Banwol/Sihwa industrial complex.

우리나라 뇌졸중의 최근 10 년간 변화 양상에 대한 연구

송일한(Il Han Song),오동환(Dong Hwan Oh),강흥선(Heung Sun Kang),조정휘(Chung Whee Choue),김권삼(Kuen Sam Kim),김명식(Myung Shick Kim),송정상(Jung Sang Song),배종화(Jong Hwa Bae) 대한내과학회 1992 대한내과학회지 Vol.43 No.5

N/A Background: Stroke is well known one of the major causes of death in adults. In the incidence of type of stroke, the cerebral infarction occured more frequently than the cerebral hemorrhage in the Western, but the incidence varies with the individual clinical studies in Korea. We expect that there is changing pattern in the incidence of type of stroke during the recent 10 years in Korea. Methods: To investigate the changing pattern of stroke during the recent 10 years, 1304 patients with stroke who underwent the computerized tomographic scanning were evaluated for the type of stroke, the sex and age distribution, the underlying diseases and the location. Group I included 450 pateints with stroke who admitted from January 1978 to October 1981, at department of internal medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital. Group II included S54 patients with stroke who admitted from January 1989 to December 1989. Results: Cerebral hemorrhage was the most frequent type of stroke in group I, but cerebral infarction in group II. Male was more prevalent than female in cerebral hemorrhage and cerebal infarction in both groups. The subarachnoid hemorrhage more frequently occurred in female than in male. It was a tendency to increase the frequency in females in group II including all types of stroke. Cerebral hemorrhage occurred most frequently in sixth decade in both groups, but cerebral infarction occurred most frequently in sixth decade in group I and seventh decade in group II. In both groups, hypertension was the most frequent associated disease. The proportion of diabetes mellitus and heart diseases increased in group II than group I. The level of serum total cholesterol in patients with cerebral infarction was higher than those with cerebral hemorrhage in group II. In cerebral infarction, the most frequent lesion site was lobal area. In cerebral hemorrhage, basal ganglia was the most frequent lesion site, the second was thalamus and then subcortical area. Conclusions: These results suggest that the cerebral infarction is the most frequent type in the stroke in Korea recently due to increased population with old age, increased incidence of diabetes mellitus and heart diseases, the adequate control of hypertension and changes of life style and diets.

Polymers for Microfluidic Chips

Song Simon,Lee Kuen-Yong The Polymer Society of Korea 2006 Macromolecular Research Vol.14 No.2

Microfluidic systems have attracted much research attention recently in the areas of genomics, proteomics, pharmaceutics, clinical diagnostics, and analytical biochemistry, as they provide miniaturized platforms for conventional analysis techniques. The microfluidic systems allow faster and cheaper analysis using much smaller amounts of sample and reagent than conventional methods. Polymers have recently found useful applications in microfluidic systems due to the wide range of available polymeric materials and the relative ease of chemical modification. This paper discusses the fundamentals of microfluidic systems and the roles, essential properties and various forms of polymers used as solid supports in microfluidic systems, based on the recent advances in the use of polymers for microfluidic chips.