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KOKORO CONPANY LTD. 한국관광서비스학회 2018 한국관광서비스학회 학술대회 Vol.- No.31

Physical Activity and Bladder Cancer Risk: Findings of the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study

Hang An,Keyang Liu,Kokoro Shirai,Ryo Kawasaki,Akiko Tamakoshi,Hiroyasu Iso 대한암학회 2024 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.56 No.2

Purpose The association of physical activity with the risk of bladder cancer remains inconsistent among Asian populations. We aimed to examine the association in a large Japanese cohort.Materials and Methods In a population-based prospective cohort study, a total of 50,374 Japanese adults aged 40-79 years without a history of cancer or cardiovascular disease who had information on physical activity from self-administrated questionnaires were used for analysis. We performed Cox proportional hazard models to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident bladder cancer after adjusting for several potential confounders.Results During the median 17.5 years of follow-up, 153 incident bladder cancers (116 men and 37 women) were identified. After the multivariable adjustment, HRs (95% CI) of bladder cancer concerning those with recreational sports participation of 1-2 hr/wk, 3-4 hr/wk, and 5 hr/wk and more were 0.67 (0.38-1.20), 0.79 (0.36-1.74), and 0.28 (0.09-0.89), respectively (p for trend=0.017). Compared with mostly sitting at the workplace, occupational physical activity of standing and walking were associated with a lower risk of bladder cancer (HR, 0.53 [95% CI, 0.32 to 0.85]). Hours of daily walking were not associated with the risk. The lower risk of bladder cancer was more evident for recreational sports (HR, 0.33 [95% CI, 0.10 to 1.00]), and for occupational standing and walking activity at work (HR, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.33 to 0.98]) among men.Conclusion Recreational sports participation and occupational physical activity were inversely associated with the risk of bladder cancer among Japanese, especially in men.

일본인 한국어학습자의 「-아/어서」 「-고」의 의미기능별 사용과 이해도에 대하여

이혜정 ( Lee Hyejeong ),이시하라코코로 ( Ishihara Kokoro ) 국제한국어교육학회 2022 국제한국어교육학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.-

한국어의 연결어미 「-아/어서」와 「-고」는 일본인학습자들에게 오용이 많이 나타나는 학습 항목 중에 하나이다(정선혜1999, 印省2016 등). 그 이유로는 연결어미 「-아/어서」와 「-고」는 각각 다양한 의미기능을 가지고 있어 혼동하기 쉬운데다가 이에 대응하는 일본어는 「-site(-シテ)」라는 표현으로만 나타내기 때문에 변별하기가 어렵다는 것이다. 이에 본 발표에서는 대역 문학 작품에 나타난 한국어의 「-아/어서」와 「-고」, 일본어의 「-site(-シテ)」의 의미기능을 간략히 비교하고, 대학에서 한국어를 전공하고 있는 일본인학습자를 대상으로 「-아/어서」와 「-고」의 변별력 테스트를 실시하여 오용의 경향성을 분석하고자 한다. 그 결과를 바탕으로 일본인 한국어 학습자에게 효율적인 교육방안을 제시하는 것을 연구 목적으로 한다. 변별력 테스트는 도쿄 소재 T대학에서 한국어를 전공하는 1-4학년생 총108명을 대상으로, 일본어 문학 작품『마음』(나쓰메 소세키 지음)의 원문과 대역 작품(역자가 다른 3권)에서 추출한 용례를 이용하여, 한국어 연결어미 「-아/어서」와 「-고」의 의미기능이 맞게 쓰인 것을 양자택일 하도록 하였다. 그 결과를 분석하여 일본인학습자들에게 많이 나타나는 「-아/어서」와 「-고」의 의미기능의 분류, 한국어 학습레벨별 오용의 경향성을 분석하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫 번째로, 「원인·이유」 「나열·대비」의 용법은 초급군과 중상급군에서 정답률이 80% 이상인 점으로 보아 전체적으로 변별력이 높았다. 그 이유로는 교과서나 사전에서 가장 중점적으로 설명하고 있는 용법이기도 하고 실제 사용빈도도 높기 때문에 이해도가 높다고 말할 수 있다. 반면에 「필연적시간순」을 나타내는 용법에 관한 문항은 전체적으로 정답률이 낮았다. 두 번째로, 앞 절의 내용이 뒷 절의 내용을 한정/수식하여 결과의 상태나 동시성을 나타내는 「부대상태」를 나타내는 용법에서는 교과서 등에서 자주 사용되는 표현이 쓰인 문제는 두 대조군 모두 정답률이 높았지만, 전체 평균 정답률을 비교하면 초급군 56.5%, 중고급군 65.1%로 높지 않았다. 이는 착용 동사와 휴대 동사를 나타내는 용법이 포함되어 있는데 두 가지 표현을 혼동하여 오용이 발생한 것으로 보인다. 세 번째로, 초급군과 중·상급군의 레벨에 따른 변별력은 유의미한 결과를 얻지 못했다. 이번 변별력 테스트에서는 어학 레벨이 높아짐에 따라서 오용이 줄어든다는 경향이 발견되지 못했다. 이는 한국어 학습량이 늘어나도 혼동하기 쉬운 학습항목은 계속해서 어려움을 느끼는 것으로 이해할 수 있다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 보아 일본인 한국어학습자의 「-아/어서」와 「-고」의 학습 순서에 관해 재고해 볼 필요가 있다고 생각된다. 우선 연결어미 「-아/어서」, 「-고」는 주로 초급단계에서 배우는 문법항목이므로 학습자가 직접 참여하는 활동 중심의 수업방식으로 흥미있게 진행하는 것이 효과적이라고 생각한다. 초급 단계는 통사적인 기능을 이해하는 것은 물론이고 원활한 의사소통을 위해 다양한 상황에 맞는 문장 만들기 및 주제에 따라 조별로 회화 연습을 하는 등 자연스러운 표현을 위한 연습이 필요할 것이다. Korean connective endings “-아서/어서” and “-고” are one of the learning items that Japanese learners often misuse (孔蕙英2015, 印省煕2016, etc.).The reason is that the connecting endings “-아서/어서” and “-고” each have various semantic functions, so it is easy to confuse them. And It is difficult to distinguish the Japanese corresponding to this because it is expressed only with the expression “-site (-して)”. Therefore, in this presentation, we briefly compare the semantic and function of “-아서/어서” and “-고” in Korean and “-site (-して)” in Japanese appearing in literary works, and Japanese learners majoring in Korean at university. The purpose of this study is to analyze the tendency of misuse by conducting a discrimination test of “-아서/어서” and “-고”. The purpose of this study is to present an effective educational plan for Japanese Korean learners based on the results. The discrimination test was conducted with a total of 108 students from 1st to 4th graders majoring in Korean at T University in Tokyo, and used examples extracted from the original text of the Japanese literary work 『Heart』 (written by Soseki Natsume) and the double work (three volumes with different translators). By using this, it was made to use the correct meaning of the Korean connecting endings “-아서/어서” and “-고”. By analyzing the results, we analyzed the semantic functions of “-아서/어서” and “-고”, which are common among Japanese learners, and the tendency of misuse by Korean language learning level. First, the use of 「cause/reason」 and 「list/contrast」 was highly discriminatory overall, as the percentage of correct answers was over 80% in the beginner group and the upper intermediate group. The reason for this is that it is the most intensively explained usage in textbooks and dictionaries, and the frequency of actual use is high, so it can be said that the understanding is high. On the other hand, the percentage of correct answers was low overall for the questions about usage indicating “inevitably chronological order”. Second, when the content of the previous section limits/modifies the content of the second section to indicate the condition or simultaneity of the result, the correct answer rate was high for both control groups, but for questions using expressions that are frequently used in textbooks, the overall Comparing the average correct answer rate, it was not high at 56.5% for the beginner group and 65.1% for the intermediate and advanced group. It contains usage for wearable verbs and portable verbs, but it seems that misuse occurred by confusing the two expressions. Third, the discriminatory power according to the level of the beginner group and the intermediate/advanced group did not obtain a significant result. In this discrimination test, we did not find a trend to reduce misuse with increasing language level. It can be understood that even if the amount of Korean learning increases, learning items that are easy to confuse continue to feel difficult. As the above results, it is thought that it is necessary to reconsider the learning order of “-아서/어서” and “-고” of Japanese Korean learners. First of all, since the connecting endings “-아서/어서” and “-고” are mainly grammar items learned at the beginner level, it is thought that it is effective to conduct the class in an interesting, activity-centered way in which the learner directly participates. In the beginner level, it will be necessary to understand syntactic functions as well as practice for natural expression, such as making sentences suitable for various situations and practicing conversation in groups according to the topic for smooth communication.

Lifestyle intervention might easily improve blood pressure in hypertensive men with the C genotype of angiotensin II type 2 receptor gene

Kaori Kitaoka,Azusa Kitade,Junko Nagaoka,Kokoro Tsuzaki,Kiyomi Harada,Wataru Aoi,Sayori Wada,Hiroaki Asano,Naoki Sakane,Akane Higashi 한국영양학회 2015 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.9 No.4

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have reported an association of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) 3123Cytosine/Adenine (3123C/A) polymorphism with essential hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether the AT2R 3123C/A polymorphism affects blood pressure for free-living hypertensive men during a 5-month intervention period. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The subjects were free-living hypertensive Japanese men aged 40 to 75 years who agreed to intervention in the period from 2004 to 2011. Detection of the AT2R 3123C/A polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction. The dietary intervention was designed to decrease salt level and to increase potassium level through cooking instructions and self-monitoring of the diet. The exercise session consisted of activities such as stretching, resistance training, and walking. Blood pressure, urinary sodium and potassium excretion, dietary and lifestyle data, and non-fasting venous blood sample were collected at baseline and after the intervention period. RESULTS: Thirty nine subjects were eligible for participation and the follow-up rate was 97.4%. The C allele proportion was 57.9%. AT2R 3123C/A polymorphism was X-chromosome-linked, therefore we analyzed the C and A genotypes. At baseline, no significant differences were observed between the genotype groups. After the intervention, there were no significant differences in lifestyle habit between the groups. Nevertheless, the estimated salt excretion (g/day) was significantly decreased only in the C genotype (13.0-10.3, P = 0.031). No significant change was observed in systolic blood pressure (SBP) (mmHg) in the A genotype, but a significant decrease was observed in the C genotype (150.0-141.5, P = 0.024). CONCLUSTIONS: In the C genotype, it might be easy to improve SBP through lifestyle intervention in free-living hypertensive Japanese men, however generalization could not be achieved by the small sample size.

Lifestyle intervention might easily improve blood pressure in hypertensive men with the C genotype of angiotensin II type 2 receptor gene

Kitaoka, Kaori,Kitade, Azusa,Nagaoka, Junko,Tsuzaki, Kokoro,Harada, Kiyomi,Aoi, Wataru,Wada, Sayori,Asano, Hiroaki,Sakane, Naoki,Higashi, Akane The Korean Nutrition Society 2015 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.9 No.4

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have reported an association of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) 3123Cytosine/Adenine (3123C/A) polymorphism with essential hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether the AT2R 3123C/A polymorphism affects blood pressure for free-living hypertensive men during a 5-month intervention period. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The subjects were free-living hypertensive Japanese men aged 40 to 75 years who agreed to intervention in the period from 2004 to 2011. Detection of the AT2R 3123C/A polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction. The dietary intervention was designed to decrease salt level and to increase potassium level through cooking instructions and self-monitoring of the diet. The exercise session consisted of activities such as stretching, resistance training, and walking. Blood pressure, urinary sodium and potassium excretion, dietary and lifestyle data, and non-fasting venous blood sample were collected at baseline and after the intervention period. RESULTS: Thirty nine subjects were eligible for participation and the follow-up rate was 97.4%. The C allele proportion was 57.9%. AT2R 3123C/A polymorphism was X-chromosome-linked, therefore we analyzed the C and A genotypes. At baseline, no significant differences were observed between the genotype groups. After the intervention, there were no significant differences in lifestyle habit between the groups. Nevertheless, the estimated salt excretion (g/day) was significantly decreased only in the C genotype (13.0-10.3, P = 0.031). No significant change was observed in systolic blood pressure (SBP) (mmHg) in the A genotype, but a significant decrease was observed in the C genotype (150.0-141.5, P = 0.024). CONCLUSTIONS: In the C genotype, it might be easy to improve SBP through lifestyle intervention in free-living hypertensive Japanese men, however generalization could not be achieved by the small sample size.

Lifestyle intervention might easily improve blood pressure in hypertensive men with the C genotype of angiotensin II type 2 receptor gene

Kaori Kitaoka,Azusa Kitade,Junko Nagaoka,Kokoro Tsuzaki,Kiyomi Harada,Wataru Aoi,Sayori Wada,Hiroaki Asano,Naoki Sakane,Akane Higashi 대한지역사회영양학회 2015 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.5 No.6

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have reported an association of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) 3123Cytosine/Adenine (3123C/A) polymorphism with essential hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether the AT2R 3123C/A polymorphism affects blood pressure for free-living hypertensive men during a 5-month intervention period. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The subjects were free-living hypertensive Japanese men aged 40 to 75 years who agreed to intervention in the period from 2004 to 2011. Detection of the AT2R 3123C/A polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction. The dietary intervention was designed to decrease salt level and to increase potassium level through cooking instructions and self-monitoring of the diet. The exercise session consisted of activities such as stretching, resistance training, and walking. Blood pressure, urinary sodium and potassium excretion, dietary and lifestyle data, and non-fasting venous blood sample were collected at baseline and after the intervention period. RESULTS: Thirty nine subjects were eligible for participation and the follow-up rate was 97.4%. The C allele proportion was 57.9%. AT2R 3123C/A polymorphism was X-chromosome-linked, therefore we analyzed the C and A genotypes. At baseline, no significant differences were observed between the genotype groups. After the intervention, there were no significant differences in lifestyle habit between the groups. Nevertheless, the estimated salt excretion (g/day) was significantly decreased only in the C genotype (13.0-10.3, P = 0.031). No significant change was observed in systolic blood pressure (SBP) (mmHg) in the A genotype, but a significant decrease was observed in the C genotype (150.0-141.5, P = 0.024). CONCLUSTIONS: In the C genotype, it might be easy to improve SBP through lifestyle intervention in free-living hypertensive Japanese men, however generalization could not be achieved by the small sample size.

Television Viewing Time and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer Mortality among Japanese Population: The JACC Study

Yuting Li,Ehab S. Eshak,Renzhe Cui,Kokoro Shirai,Keyang Liu,Hiroyasu Iso,Satoyo Ikehara,Akiko Tamakoshi,Shigekazu Ukawa,JACC Study Group 대한암학회 2021 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.53 No.2

Purpose Sedentary behavior attributes to the increased risk of some cancers and all-cause mortality. The evidence is limited for the association between television (TV) viewing time, a major sedentary behavior, and risk of colorectal cancer death. We aimed to examine this association in Japanese population. Materials and Methods A prospective cohort study encompassed of 90,834 men and women aged 40-79 years with no prior history of colorectal cancer who completed a self-administered food frequency questionnaire, and provided their TV viewing information. The participants were followed-up from 1988-1990 to the end of 2009. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by the Cox proportional hazard regression for risk of colorectal cancer mortality according to TV viewing time. Results During the median 19.1-year follow-up period, we documented 749 (385 men and 364 women) colorectal cancer deaths. The multivariable-adjusted HRs for mortality from colorectal cancer were 1.11 (0.88-1.41) for 1.5 to < 3 hr/day, 1.14 (0.91-1.42) for 3 to < 4.5 hr/day and 1.33 (1.02-1.73) for ≥ 4.5 hr/day in comparison to < 1.5 hr/day TV watching; p-trend=0.038, and that for 1-hour increment in TV viewing time was 1.06 (1.01-1.11). Moreover, the multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI) of colon cancer for 1-hour increment in TV viewing time was 1.07 (1.02-1.13). Age, body mass index, and level of leisure-physical activity did not show significant effect modifications on the observed associations. Conclusion TV viewing time is associated with the increased risk of colorectal cancer mortality among Japanese population, more specifically colon rather than rectal cancer.

Modifiable Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Korea and Japan

Ahmed Arafa,Hyeok-Hee Lee,Ehab S. Eshak,Kokoro Shirai,Keyang Liu,Jiaqi Li,Naharin Sultana Anni,Sun Young Shim,Hyeon Chang Kim,Hiroyasu Iso 대한심장학회 2021 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.51 No.8

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and a major contributor to disability worldwide. Since the majority of cardiovascular events are preventable, identification of modifiable CVD risk factors and implementation of primordial prevention strategies should be a public health priority. In this aspect, the American Heart Association declared a strategic goal to reduce total CVD mortality in the US by 20% within 10 years via eliminating 7 major CVD risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, cigarette smoking, physical inactivity, obesity, and poor-quality diet) in 2010, and their strategy has been achieving. However, the applicability of similar metrics to prevent CVD among East Asians requires an in-depth investigation of the modifiable CVD risk factors based on national and regional evidence-based findings. Herein, this review article aims to discuss several modifiable risk factors for CVDs, using epidemiological evidence from cohort studies and nationally representative data of 2 East Asian countries: Korea and Japan.

Observing the localization of light in space and time by ultrafast second-harmonic microscopy

Mascheck, Manfred,Schmidt, Slawa,Silies, Martin,Yatsui, Takashi,Kitamura, Kokoro,Ohtsu, Motoichi,Leipold, David,Runge, Erich,Lienau, Christoph Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2012 Nature photonics Vol.6 No.5