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Asymptomatic carriage of Clostridioides difficile in pet shop puppies
Yuya Kimura(Yuya Kimura ),Satoshi Kameshima(Satoshi Kameshima ),Naoyuki Itoh(Naoyuki Itoh ) 한국예방수의학회 2023 예방수의학회지 Vol.47 No.2
Crowded pet shops can become infected with various pathogens. Although dog carriers of Clostridioides difficile tend to be asymptomatic, the toxigenic strains sometimes cause gastrointestinal symptoms in humans. The present study was conducted to determine the infection rate of C. difficile in pet shops. The feces of 137 dogs younger than one year of age, collected from four pet shops, were assessed by culture and PCR. Carriage rates of C. difficile in dogs aged ≤90, 91-180, and ≥181 day-old were 12.2% (10/82, 95% confidence interval: 6.0-21.3%), 0.0% (0/42, 95% confidence interval: 0.0-8.4%), and 7.7% (1/13, 95% confidence interval: 0.2-36.0%), respectively. Five C. difficile isolates carried genes encoding toxins A and B, while the remaining isolates contained only toxin B. However, none of the C. difficile carriers had diarrhea. These results highlight the necessity of promoting adequate hygiene precautions in pet shops to prevent infection by C. difficile.
Kimura, Fumiko,Horii, Shigeru,Arimoto, Itsuki,Doi, Toshiya,Yoshimura, Masato,Wada, Masahisa,Kimura, Tsunehisa American Chemical Society 2018 The Journal of physical chemistry A Vol.122 No.46
<P>Microcrystals of ErBa<SUB>2</SUB>Cu<SUB>4</SUB>O<SUB>8</SUB> suspended in a liquid medium were triaxially aligned by a frequency-modulated magnetic field and allowed a free rotational relaxation after the magnetic field was turned off. In situ X-ray diffraction measurements of the suspension were performed during relaxation, and the temporal change of the orientation fluctuation was monitored via broadening of the diffraction spots. The rotational diffusion constants were determined using the plot of the orientation fluctuation versus the elapsed time of rotational relaxation. The diffusion constants thus determined were in close agreement with those evaluated by the Stokes law but showed slight anisotropy, indicating that the microcrystals studied had shape anisotropy. The present method can provide a useful means for experimentally determining rotational diffusion constants of microcrystals suspended in viscous media. This paper shows that, due to the combination of the initial triaxial alignment and the subsequent monitoring of the relaxation process by means of X-ray diffraction, the diffusion constants along arbitrary crystallographic axes are determined separately.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>