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고건,조형상 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1989 中央醫大誌 Vol.14 No.1
In determining cardaic outputs, there are Fick's method, dye dilution method and thermodilution method. Among these, the thermodilution method is widely used because it is simple, relatively accurate and easily duplicated. Nowadays this method has been recognized as a valuable means for the patient's status monitoring in intensive care unit and operating room. The use of 10 ml, 0~5˚C saline or 5% D/W has been recommended as the standard indicator. Indicator may be modified to use room temperature or small volume. Therefore this study was. carried out to investigate the effect of indicator volume, temperature and catheter tip position on cardiac output determinations. Using artificial cardiopulmonary system, cardiac output measurements by thermodilution method were performed at different indicator temperature (1˚C, 19.5˚C, 24.5˚C), different indicator volume (3 ml, 5 ml, 10 ml), various catheter tip positions in pulmonary artery (apex, initial center, peripheral center, base). The results were as follows: 1. The use of smaller indicator volume resulted in increase of mean cardiac output compared to the control and decrease in reproducibility. 2. The use of higher indicator temperature markedly decreased the reproducibility. 3. When the catheter tip was positioned in the central initial pulmonary artery, the cardiac output values were similar to the control but ill values of other position were also acceptable for clinical use. 4. To reduce the errors it was preferable to use low temperature indicator when smaller indicator volume is used.
봉독약침이 류마티스 관절염 환자의 관절 통증, 종창 및 급성 염증 반응에 미치는 영향
이상훈,이현종,백용현,김수영,박재경,홍승재,양형인,김건식,이재동,최도영,이두익,이윤호 WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2003 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2003 No.-
Objective In order to study the effects of bee venom(BV) on the pain, edema, and acute inflammatory reactant of rheumatoid arthritis(RA) patients. Methods Patients with RA who met the ACR(American College of Rheumatology) 1987 revised criteria for the diagnosis of RA were treated with the BV therapy twice a week for 3 months. Tender Joint counts, swollen joint counts, Visual analog scale(VAS), morning stiffness, ESR. C-reactive protein(CRP) were analyzed before and after BV therapy. Results The results as follows. 1. Tender joint counts in patients after BV therapy were significantly lower than those before BV therapy(9.0±7.9 vs 15± 11.4, p=0.002). 2. Swollen joint counts of the patients after BV therapy were significantly lower than those before BV therapy(50±61 vs 15±23, p=0.001). 3. VAS in patients after BV therapy was significantly lower than those before BV therapy(608± 17.6 vs 380± 159, p=0.000). 4. Duration of morning stiffness in patients after BV therapy was significantly reduced compared with that before BV therapy(119.1± 112.6 min vs 59.0±89.7 min, p=0.009). 5. ESR and CRP were not significantly changed before and after BV therapy, suggesting BV itself could make inflammatory reaction as well as therapeutic effect. Conclusions BV therapy improved tender joint counts, swollen joint counts and duration of morning stiffness in this study, and further study is needed on long-term effect of BV therapy.
봉독약침이 류마티스 관절염 환자의 기능회복 및 삶의 질에 미치는 영향
이상훈,이현종,박상민,김수영,박재경,홍승재,양형인,이재동,최도영,김건식,이두익,이윤호 WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2003 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2003 No.-
Objective: To evaluate the effects of bee venom acupuncture(BVA) on the rehabilitation and quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis(RA) patients Methods: Patients with RA were treated with the BVA therapy twice a week for 3 months. Tender joint counts, swollen joint counts, morning stiffness, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate(ESR), C-reactive protein(CRP), patient global assessment, physician global assessment, Korean health assessment questionnaire(KHAQ) were estimated and analyzed before and after BVA therapy. Results: Tender joint counts, swollen joint counts, morning stiffness showed significant decrease after BVA therapy. But, as acute inflammatory reactants, ESR showed no significant difference and CRP showed significant increase after BVA therapy. Patient global assessment physician global assessment, and KHAQ index showed significant improvement after BVA therapy. Conclusions: BVA therapy can improve rehabilitation and health-related quality of life RA patients as well as clinical symptom and signs. Further study is required in more population with large scale including acute inflammatory reaction of BVA therapy.
An Introductory Study on the Draft Hague Rules on Business and Human Rights Arbitration
Keon-Hyung Ahn,Hee-Cheol Moon 한국중재학회 2019 중재연구 Vol.29 No.3
An issue of human rights abuse in business emerged as a serious social problem recently not only in Korea, but also worldwide. However, the stipulations in ‘UNGPs’ and ‘OECD Guidelines’ do not provide a legally binding dispute settlement mechanism. Under these circumstances, it is very well timed that the Working Group on International Arbitration of Business and Human Rights recently published the Draft Hague Rules on Business and Human Rights Arbitration, which will be launched in December 2019 as an effective and efficient alternative to mediation or court litigation. This paper examines the purpose, the structure, and the unique features of the Draft Hague Rules, among other provisions, including 1) Inequality of Arms between the Parties, 2) Appointing Authority, 3) Presiding Arbitrator’s Qualification, 4) Evidentiary Procedures, 5) Remedy, and 6) Governing Law.
Clinical analysis of 34 cases of squamous cell carcinoma on the lower lip
( Hyung Keon Park ),( Sook Jung Yun ),( Jee-bum Lee ),( Seong-jin Kim ),( Seung-chul Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2020 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.72 No.1
Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the lips, but there is no summarized study on clinical aspects including surgical outcome of SCC on the lower lip in Korea. Objectives: To investigate the clinical characteristics and surgical outcome of lower lip SCC in Korean. Methods: A retrospective review of 34 patients diagnosed with lower lip SCC between January 2008 and December 2017 was conducted. Demographic data, clinical and histopathologic features, and surgical outcome were obtained from medical records and photographs. Results: The mean onset age of patients was 71.3 years with peak age group of 70s. The male-to-female ratio was 20:14. The mean duration was 14.7 months. 11 (32.4%) were ≥ 2 cm, and 23 (67.6%) were < 2cm. 2 (5.9%), who had lymph node stasis, were transferred to other department. Among 32 cases who had been treated with surgical excision at our department, 6 (18.8%) showed recurrence after surgical excision. Most of them (5 of 6 recurred cases) were revealed to have surgical margins of < 5mm. In histological study (n=26), 73.1% (n=19) was well differentiated, 23.1% (n=6) was moderately differentiated, and 3.8% (n=1) was poorly differentiated, in SCC type. 76.9% (n=20) was shown to be < 4 mm in invasion depth. Conclusion: We analyzed clinical characteristics of 34 Korean patients diagnosed with lower lip SCC. Also, we found that surgical margin > 5 mm is important factor to prevent recurrence of SCC after surgical excision.