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Faster pipe auto-routing using improved jump point search
Min, Jwa-Geun,Ruy, Won-Sun,Park, Chul Su The Society of Naval Architects of Korea 2020 International Journal of Naval Architecture and Oc Vol.12 No.1
Previous studies on pipe auto-routing algorithms generally used such algorithms as A*, Dijkstra, Genetic Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization, and Ant Colony Optimization, to satisfy the relevant constraints of its own field and improve the output quality. On the other hand, this study aimed to significantly improve path-finding speed by applying the Jump Point Search (JPS) algorithm, which requires lower search cost than the abovementioned algorithms, for pipe routing. The existing JPS, however, is limited to two-dimensional spaces and can only find the shortest path. Thus, it requires several improvements to be applied to pipe routing. Pipe routing is performed in a three-dimensional space, and the path of piping must be parallel to the axis to minimize its interference with other facilities. In addition, the number of elbows must be reduced to the maximum from an economic perspective, and preferred spaces in the path must also be included. The existing JPS was improved for the pipe routing problem such that it can consider the above-mentioned problem. The fast path-finding speed of the proposed algorithm was verified by comparing it with the conventional A* algorithm in terms of resolution.
Jwa, Min Yong,Ko, Eun Byeol,Kim, Hyun Young,Kim, Sun Kyung,Jeong, Soyoung,Seo, Ho Seong,Yun, Cheol-Heui,Han, Seung Hyun Elsevier 2018 Microbial pathogenesis Vol.124 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P> <I>Streptococcus pneumoniae</I> is a major respiratory pathogen that can cause pneumonia, meningitis, and otitis media. Although capsular polysaccharide-based vaccines are commercially available, there is a need for broad-spectrum, serotype-independent, and cost-effective vaccines. Recently, an intranasal vaccine formulated with gamma-irradiated nonencapsulated <I>S. pneumoniae</I> whole cells has been developed and its immunogenicity is under investigation. Since innate immunity influences the subsequent adaptive immunity, in the present study, we investigated the immunostimulatory activity of gamma-irradiated <I>S. pneumoniae</I> (r-SP) in the human bronchial epithelial cell-line, BEAS-2B, by comparing with heat-inactivated <I>S. pneumoniae</I> (h-SP) and formalin-inactivated <I>S. pneumoniae</I> (f-SP). r-SP potently induced interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 at both mRNA and protein levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner, whereas h-SP and f-SP poorly induced them. Of note, the mRNA levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were approximately two-fold higher when cells were stimulated with 3 × 10<SUP>7</SUP> CFU/ml of r-SP for 3 h, while the protein levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were approximately five-fold higher after stimulation with 3 × 10<SUP>7</SUP> CFU/ml of r-SP for 24 h. Furthermore, r-SP exhibited potent activation of Toll-like receptor 2 compared with h-SP or f-SP. The expression of IL-6 and IL-8 induced by r-SP was mediated through the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases. Remarkably, when r-SP was further treated with heat or formalin, there was a decrease in the aforementioned activities. Taken together, we suggest that r-SP stimulates the human respiratory epithelial cells to produce the cytokines IL-6 and IL-8, which might influence the induction of adaptive immune responses.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> r-SP induces IL-6 and IL-8 expression more potently than h-SP or f-SP in BEAS-2B cells. </LI> <LI> r-SP phosphorylates MAP kinases more potently than h-SP or f-SP in BEAS-2B cells. </LI> <LI> r-SP strongly activates TLR2 compared with h-SP or f-SP. </LI> <LI> Soluble components of r-SP are responsible for the potent immunostimulatory activity. </LI> </UL> </P>
Gamma-irradiation of Streptococcus pneumoniae for the use as an immunogenic whole cell vaccine
Jwa, Min Yong,Jeong, Soyoung,Ko, Eun Byeol,Kim, A Reum,Kim, Hyun Young,Kim, Sun Kyung,Seo, Ho Seong,Yun, Cheol-Heui,Han, Seung Hyun MICROBIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF KOREA 2018 JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY -SEOUL- Vol.56 No.8
Effects of Sweet Potato Fractions on Alcoholic Hangover and Gastric Ulcer
Jwa Jin Kim,Chang Whan Kim,Dongsun Park,Sunhee Shin,Jeong Hee Jeon,Min-Jung Jang,Hyeong-Jin Ji,Namgil O,Jugyeong Song,Jinsoo Lee,Byung-Yul Kim,Ehn-Kyoung Choi,Seong Soo Joo,Seock-Yeon Hwang,Yun-Bae Ki 한국실험동물학회 2008 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.24 No.2
Reddish purple-colored fruits and vegetables contain high level of anthocyanins, which are well known to exert antioxidant, cardioprotective and hepatoprotective actions. In the present study, the effects of sweet potato fermentation filtrate (SPF) and its fractions on alcoholic hangover and gastric ulcer were investigated. In order to evaluate antihangover effect, male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered with SPF (240 or 750 ㎎/㎏) 30 min prior to or 60 min after oral challenge with 3 mL/㎏ of ethyl alcohol (15 mL/㎏ of 20% in water), and the blood concentration of alcohol were analyzed up to 5 hours. Pretreatment with 240 and 750 mg/kg of SPF significantly reduced the blood ethanol concentration by 20-25% and 50-60%, respectively, which was superior to the effect of the Hovenia dulis Thunb extract. In addition, posttreatment of SPF enhanced the alcohol-clearance rate to 2.8 and 3.1 folds at doses of 240 and 750 ㎎/㎏, respectively. In comparison, liquid portion of SPF exerted similar antihanover effect to SPS, whereas the effect of purified anthocyanins was negligible, indicating that active ingredients are included in the liquid portion. For the assessment of antiulcer activity, fractions of SPF were orally treated 30 min before oral administration of absolute ethanol (3 mL/㎏) and intravenous injection of 1% Evan's blue (0.5 mL/㎏). One hour later, the ulcer index (㎜ of ulcer lesions) was measured, and dye leakage on the gastric wall was quantified by extracting the dye with formamide. SPF and its liquid portion (300 ㎎/㎏) near-fully prevented the ethanol-induced gastric ulcer and significantly reduced the Evan's blue leakage, while the purified anthocyanins were ineffective. Among subfractions, buthanol fraction of SPFliquid portion exerted a substantial antiulcer activity, which was superior to water and methanol fractions. Taken together, it was demonstrated that SPF possesses antihangover and antiulcer activities, and that buthanol fraction of SPF-liquid portion contains active ingredients. Therefore, it is suggested that SPF or its buthanol fraction could be a potential candidate for the attenuation of hangover and gastric ulcers induced by excessive drinking of alcohol, although the action mechanisms remain to be clarified.