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Lee, Jungkwan,Myong, Kilseon,Kim, Jung-Eun,Kim, Hee-Kyoung,Yun, Sung-Hwan,Lee, Yin-Won Microbiology Society 2012 Microbiology Vol.158 No.7
<P>The velvet genes are conserved in ascomycetous fungi and function as global regulators of differentiation and secondary metabolism. Here, we characterized one of the velvet genes, designated FgVelB, in the plant-pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum, which causes fusarium head blight in cereals and produces mycotoxins within plants. FgVelB-deleted (δFgVelB) strains produced fewer aerial mycelia with less pigmentation than those of the wild-type (WT) during vegetative growth. Under sexual development conditions, the δFgVelB strains produced no fruiting bodies but retained male fertility, and conidiation was threefold higher compared with the WT strain. Production of trichothecene and zearalenone was dramatically reduced compared with the WT strain. In addition, the δFgVelB strains were incapable of colonizing host plant tissues. Transcript analyses revealed that FgVelB was highly expressed during the sexual development stage, and may be regulated by a mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. Microarray analysis showed that FgVelB affects regulatory pathways mediated by the mating-type loci and a G-protein alpha subunit, as well as primary and secondary metabolism. These results suggest that FgVelB has diverse biological functions, probably by acting as a member of a possible velvet protein complex, although identification of the FgVelB-FgVeA complex and the determination of its roles require further investigation.</P>
Lee, Jungkwan,Son, Hokyoung,Lee, Seunghoon,Park, Ae Ran,Lee, Yin-Won American Society for Microbiology 2010 Applied and environmental microbiology Vol.76 No.10
<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>The ascomycete fungus <I>Gibberella zeae</I> is an important plant pathogen that causes fusarium head blight on small grains. Molecular studies of this fungus have been performed extensively to uncover the biological mechanisms related to pathogenicity, toxin production, and sexual reproduction. Molecular methods, such as targeted gene deletion, gene overexpression, and gene fusion to green fluorescent protein (GFP), are relatively easy to perform with this fungus; however, conditional expression systems have not been developed. The purpose of this study was to identify a promoter that could be induced by zearalenone (ZEA) for the development of a conditional expression system in <I>G. zeae</I>. Through microarray analysis, we isolated one zearalenone response gene (<I>ZEAR</I>) whose expression was increased more than 50 times after ZEA treatment. Northern blot analysis showed that the <I>ZEAR</I> transcript dramatically increased after 1 h of ZEA treatment. To determine the utility of the <I>ZEAR</I> promoter, called Pzear, in a conditional expression system, we transformed a <I>Pzear</I>::<I>GFP</I> fusion construct into <I>G. zeae</I>. Our data showed a ZEA concentration-dependent increase in GFP expression. We also replaced the promoter of <I>G. zeae metE</I> (<I>GzmetE)</I>, an essential gene for methionine biosynthesis, with the Pzear promoter. The growth of the <I>Pzear-GzmetE</I> mutant on minimal medium was dependent on the ZEA concentration supplemented in the medium and showed that GzMetE expression was induced by ZEA. This study is the first report of an inducible promoter in <I>G. zeae.</I> Our system will be useful for the characterization of essential gene functions in this fungus through differential and ZEA-dependent gene expression. In addition, the Pzear promoter may be applicable as a biosensor for the detection of ZEA contamination in agricultural products.</P>
신정관(Jungkwan Sin),김경훈(Kyunghoon Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2002 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2002 No.5_3
Screw compressors with alternative refrigerants to protect ozone layer and minimize global warming are used for the air conditioning and process cooling, heat pump cycle, etc. Now the use of alternative refrigerants for chiller has been spread to all of air conditioning & refrigeration industry. Therefore the development of 80HP semi-hermetic screw refrigeration compressors has been accompanied with a test using alternative refrigerants. We tested the 150HP screw refrigeration compressor using R22, R 134a and R407C, and measured the cooling capacity & input power, volumetric efficiency and adiabatic efficiency by pressure ratio.
Genetic Diversity and Fitness of Fusarium graminearum Populations from Rice in Korea
Lee, Jungkwan,Chang, In-Young,Kim, Hun,Yun, Sung-Hwan,Leslie, John F.,Lee, Yin-Won American Society for Microbiology 2009 Applied and environmental microbiology Vol.75 No.10
<B>ABSTRACT</B><P><I>Fusarium graminearum</I> is an important fungal pathogen of cereal crops and produces mycotoxins, such as the trichothecenes nivalenol and deoxynivalenol. This species may be subdivided into a series of genetic lineages or phylogenetic species. We identified strains of <I>F. graminearum</I> from the Republic of Korea to lineage, tested their ability to produce nivalenol and deoxynivalenol, and determined the genetic composition and structure of the populations from which they were recovered. Based on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), PCR genotyping, and chemical analyses of trichothecenes, all 249 isolates from southern provinces belonged to lineage 6, with 241 having the nivalenol genotype and 8 having the deoxynivalenol genotype. In the eastern Korea province, we recovered 84 lineage 6 isolates with the nivalenol genotype and 23 lineage 7 isolates with the deoxynivalenol genotype. Among 333 lineage 6 isolates, 36% of the AFLP bands were polymorphic, and there were 270 multilocus haplotypes. Genetic identity among populations was high (>0.972), and genotype diversity was low (30 to 58%). To test the adaptation of lineage 6 to rice, conidial mixtures of strains from lineages 3, 6, and 7 were inoculated onto rice plants and then recovered from the rice grains produced. Strains representing lineages 6 and 7 were recovered from inoculated spikelets at similar frequencies that were much higher than those for the strain representing lineage 3. Abundant perithecia were produced on rice straw, and 247 single-ascospore isolates were recovered from 247 perithecia. Perithecia representing lineage 6 (87%) were the most common, followed by those representing lineage 7 (13%), with perithecia representing lineage 3 not detected. These results suggest that <I>F. graminearum</I> lineage 6 may have a host preference for rice and that it may be more fit in a rice agroecosystem than are the other lineages present in Korea.</P>
연동 제어를 적용한 전열교환형 환기장치의 에너지 절감 효과 분석
원정관(Jungkwan Won),김재형(Jaehyung Kim),송두삼(Doosam Song) 대한설비공학회 2015 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.11
Indoor air quality is an important factor that determines the ability to work well with the state of health of occupier verified. Indoor environment, especially students spend in school most of the day, it is very important to keep students healthy and maintain indoor air quality because it can have a high impact on academic performance. School building is very compact and it requires a lot of fresh air, periodic ventilation is required. Methods that can satisfy the need for such ventilation and energy saving at the same time, the AC + ERV system. Recently, AC + ERV system is a trend that is being installed is increasing for being effective in the installation convenience and energy savings. However, this system would result in a waste of energy but rather is operating in the case when the conditions are unfavorable for the total heat-exchanging the outdoor air. In this study, I suggest interface control mode and use the TRNSYS simulation to determine the energy savings effect of ERV system to compare the energy consumption of the ERV with normal mode and the interface control mode.