북한의 국가전략과 북일관계

신정화 ( Jung Wha Shin ) 북한연구학회 2008 北韓硏究學會報 Vol.12 No.2

This paper discusses North Korea`s National Strategy and North Korea-Japan Relations. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in the 1980s, North Korea faced with international isolation and economic despair. The diplomatic normalization talks with Japan were one of the means that North Korea chose to overcome these difficulties. Japan would pay `amity funds` to North Korea through diplomatic normalization these were funds that North Korea needed it to reconstruct its economy. From the period of January 1991 to November 1992, there were 8 diplomatic normalization talks held between Japan and North Korea. However, North Korea-Japan diplomatic normalization failed due to disagreements between the two countries the issue of retribution of past wrongs by Japan was a primary issue for North Korea, and the nuclear issue was a primary matter for Japan. After the North Korea-Japan diplomatic normalization was ruptured, North Korea`s foreign policy has centered on negotiating nuclear issues with the United States. After Kim Jung-Il`s official inauguration in 1998, North Korea renewed its enthusiasm in improving the relationship with Japan. Kim Jung-Il practiced the foreign policy toward Japan based on military-first politics. In 2001, the North Korea-Japan summit meeting was held for the first time after the World War II. As a result of the talks, the North Korea-Japan Pyongyang Declaration was announced, which suggested a protocol to resolve conflicting views between North Korea and Japan regarding nuclear issues, kidnappings, and the retribution of past wrongs. Unfortunately, the relationship between North Korea and Japan has reached a deadlock again due to public opinion in Japan regarding North Korea`s involvement in kidnapping practices. Japan has made several requests for North Korea resolve this issue by returning all kidnapped people, getting at the root of kidnapping, ending kidnapping practices and punishing individuals involved in these practices. As a result, Japan has taken sanctions against North Korea. However, North Korea has insisted that the kidnapping issue was solved since Kim Jung-Il made an apology and promised to prevent kidnapping from happening again. Kim Jung-Il also returned all the kidnapped people to Japan. Instead, North Korea insists Japan settles past grievances that occurred in Korean history. Despite of these conflicts, North Korea still needs amity funds from Japan. Also, Japan understands there is little possibility of North Korea fully making up the kidnapping issue as requested by Japan.

Sprachliche Analyse der Zeitungssprache

정화영 안동대학교 인문과학연구소 1999 인문과학연구 Vol.1 No.-

개사를 통한 노래부르기가 정신지체아동의 어휘력에 미치는 효과

배정화,최성규 한국특수교육문제연구소 2004 특수교육저널 : 이론과 실천 Vol.5 No.1

본 연구에서는 개사를 통한 노래부르기가 정신지체아동의 수용과 표현어휘력 신장에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구대상은 부산시에 소재하는 J초등학교 특수학급에 재학 중인 정신지체아동 2명으로 선정하였다. 13개의 동요 등을 개사하여 72개의 표적어휘를 선정하였고, 개사를 통한 노래부르기는 10주에 걸쳐 주 4회씩 총 40회기동안 실시하였으며 매회기는 40분간 실시하였다. 한국표준수용어휘력검사를 이용하여 사전검사와 사후검사에서 어휘력 검사를 각각 2회 실시하였다. 본 연구에서는 개사를 통한 노래부르기가 정신지체 아동의 수용어휘와 표현어휘 신장에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤음을 제시하였다. 특히 동물과 식물명, 그리고 일반사물, 가정도구, 가정, 사회생활, 여가생활 등과 관련된 명사 어휘의 수용과 표현이 높아지고 동사와 형용사에 대한 수용어휘력도 향상되었다. Mental retardation refers to substantial limitations such as mental intelligibilities and social interaction in present functioning. Especially, language abilities are basic social skill to identity and interact with themselves and others in the society as human beings. Unfortunately, the children with mental retardation are usually exposed in language difficulties. Vocabulary is a fundamental tool to lead smooth language development. The purpose of this study was to illustrate the effects of singing with changed words of songs to develop vocabulary abilities for children with mental retardation. Two children, 10.6(MA5.7) and 11.0(MA7.2) years old, with mental retardation were participated for this study. Thirteen sings were selected, and the words of the songs were changed based on seventy two target vocabularies. Pre- and post-test with Korean Standard Vocabulary Test were utilized to verify the effective of the singing to improve vocabulary ability for forty sessions. Each sessions was for forty minutes. The results of this study were that: (a) the singing strategy was effective to improve the receptive vocabulary ability; and (b) the singing strategy was effective to improve expressive vocabulary ability for children with mental retardation. Therefore, this study concluded that the singing is effective to improve vocabulary ability for mental retardation.

가정과에의 열린 교육 적용 연구 : 직소(Jigsaw) II 협동학습을 중심으로

최목화,홍정자,이강분 한남대학교 교육연구소 1997 교육연구 Vol.5 No.2

The purpose of this study is to investigate the concept, teaching and learning method in open education and to help to expand the use of open education in Home Economics education. To achieve this purpose, this study was reviewed meaning, principle and characteristics of open education based on the theoretical background and developed an instructional plan of the open education for Home Economics education. This plan was applied to second grade students of Ohjeong middle school in July 1997, using Jigsaw It's cooperational teaching and learning method. The results were as follows: 1) Students chose their learning tasks themselves and accomplished the student-centered, positive, spontaneous learning of small group cooperational learning. 2) Students who were involved in the same group made their plans together in order to solve their tasks. Within these groups each student then took smaller roles to accomplish the goal of the group. 3) All students were able to gain some self-confidence and make a statement about their tasks. The knowledge gained from the group work improved the ability of their presentation. 4) The experiment of heating food in various conditions allowed the students to recognize natuarally the changes that occurred in the food. They could realize the scientific cooking principle through comparison with foods which were cooked in several conditions. 5) Observing and comparing food that was cooked by the students themselves with food that was cooked by others, was very effective.

苦汁으로 부터 炭酸마그네슘과 酸化마그네슘의 最適合成條件에 關한 硏究

鄭東燻,辛宗根,申和雨 圓光大學校 1989 論文集 Vol.23 No.2

고즙과 탄산나트륨을 원료로 1)반응액의 온도, 2)반응액의 농도, 3)혼합비율(〔Bittern〕/〔Na₂CO₃〕), 4)작용시간 및 5)건조온도를 합성요인으로 하여 Box-Wilson 실험계획법에 의해 탄산마그네슘의 최적합성조건을 추구하고 그 중 우수제품에 대해 D.S.C.를 측정하여 이를 기준으로 하소시켜 산화마그네슘을 제조하여 용적시험, 제산도시험 및 광학현미경사진을 관찰한 결과 1. 탄산마그네슘의 최적합성조건의 범위는 ①반응액의 온도범위는 50∼70℃ ②반응액의 농도범위는 고즙은 37.3∼38.1%, 탄산나트륨은 9.9∼10.3%, ③혼합비율(〔Bittern〕/〔Na₂CO₃〕)의 범위는 1.485∼1.503, ④작용시간의 범위는 10∼12분, ⑤건조온도의 범위는 73∼83℃이다. 2. 시료탄산마그네슘의 D.S.C.측정결과 75℃정도에서 결정수의 이탈로 보이는 흡열Peak를 나타냈고, 290℃정도에서 구조수의 이탈로 생각되는 흡열Peak를 나타냈으며, 408℃정도에서 탄산깨스의 이탈로 생각되는 흡열Peak를 나타냈다. 3. 탄산마그네슘의 하소온도는 500∼600℃가 적당하겠으며, 용적시험결과는 모두 경질품이었고, 시판품보다 모두 용적시험치가 큰 결과를 나타냈다. 4. 제산도시험의 결과는 시판품의 제산능보다 모두 크며 광학현미경사진에 의한 관찰을 하였다. Optimal Synthesis Condition of Magnesium Carbonate were investigated from the viewpoint of bulkiness according to a randomized complete block design proposed by G.E.P. Box and K.B. Wilson. Bittern and Sodium Carbonate were utilized as reactants in order to prepare Magnesium Carbonate. It was found that optimum temperature range of reactant solutions was 50∼70℃ and the optimum concentration range of the reactant solutions was 37.3∼38.1%(Bittern), 9.9∼10.3%(Sodium Carbonate), on the viewpoint of bulkiness. The optimum mole ratio of Bittern to Sodium Carbonate was in the range of 1.485∼1.503and the optimum reacting time range was 10∼12minutes. The optimum drying temperature range was 73∼83℃. Magnesium Oxide comes two types of granules when prepared by calcination of Magnesium Carbonate. The outcome of D.S.C. indicated a desolvation of Magnesium Carbonate occurred at about 75℃. The dehydration of the compound ceased at about 290℃ and the decarboxylation ceased at about 408℃. The physical and chemical properties of Magnesium Oxide as medicine were studied by use of Volume Test, Optical microscopic photographs and Acid Consuming Capacity measurments.

의존문법에서의 지배와 일치

정화영 독일어문학회 2002 독일어문학 Vol.19 No.-

의존문법에서의 한정

정화영 한국독일어문학회 2004 독일어문학 Vol.24 No.-

In der Dependenzgrammatik entsteht ein Satz gemaß der jeweiligen Dependenzrelation aus mehreren sprachlichen Elementen, wobei ein Verb obligatorisch ist und im Zentrum des Satzes steht. Bei der Dependenzrelation handelt es sich um eine Abhangigkeit als syntaktische Beziehung zwischen zwei Ausdrucken, die nach Dependenzprinzipien entschieden wird. Als das bisher bekannteste Dependenzprinzip kann die Vorkommensrelation genannt werden, mit deren Hilfe aus dem Vorkommen eines Elementes auf das Vorkommen anderer Elemente geschlossen werden kann. Aber die Vorkommensrelation kann nicht voll als Dependenzprinzip gewertet werden, weil sie sowohl die Abhangigkeitsbeziehungen als auch die Nebenordnungsbeziehungen zwischen sprachlichen Einheiten nicht genugend beschreiben kann. Deswegen schlage ich in dieser Arbeit als ein neues Dependenzprinzip die Relationalitat vor, die nach einem semantosyntaktischen Kriterium bestimmt wird. Nach einem semantosyntaktischen Kriterium kann man sprachliche Ausdrucke in relationale und absolute Ausdrucke einteilen. Wenn ein Ausdruck eine Leerstelle eroffnet, in die ein anderer Ausdruck eintreten kann, so ist er relational; wenn er keine Leerstelle hat oder wenn alle seine Leerstellen gesattigt sind, heißt er absolut. Nach der Relationalitat sind zwei Gruppen innerhalb der Dependenzrelationen zu unterscheiden: solche der Rektion und solche der Determination. Die Rektionsrelation und die Determinationsrelation sind nach der Richtung der von dem relationalen Ausdruck eroffneten Leerstellen zu unterscheiden. Die Determination verhalt sich syntaktisch ganz anders als die Rektion. Der wesentliche Unterschied zwischen Rektion und Determination besteht darin, dass in der Rektion Regens Leerstellen fur Dependens eroffnet, wahrend in der Determination Dependens Leerstellen fur Regens eroffnet. In der Rektion ist die Leerstellenbesetzung durch Dependens fakultativ, aber in der Determination ist die Leerstellenbesetzung durch Regens obligatorisch. Nach dem Determinationsbegriff in (7) bleibt die Determination nicht auf die Relation zwischen Artikel und Substantiv beschrankt, sondern kann auch in anderen Bereichen erfasst werden. Aus diesem Grund habe ich in dieser Arbeit nach der Definition in (7) eine rein formale Klassifizierung der Determination gegeben.

독작문 교수에 있어서 독일어와 한국어 동사의 지배의 불일치에 의한 방해현상에 대하여 : 의존문법을 중심으로

정화영,박정환 釜山大學校 1994 人文論叢 Vol.45 No.1

보조전계 BSCCO 전기영동 전착막의 현탁용매 영향 : Influences of Suspension Solution on Field-assisted EPD Films of BSCCO

소대화,전용우,박정철 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 2003 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.22 No.-

Abstract - In the electrophoresis for fabrication of a superconducting wire and film, the enough deposition and formal sustain of a film condition affect to superconducting state of samples. In this paper, a superconducting film was fabricated with various suspension solution such as acetone, buthanol, and ethanol. As a results, the best deposition condition with d.c 250 V and a.c 25 V of applied voltage, and 90 sec of applied time for BSCCO superconducting film by electrophoresis was investigated.

Bastien교재와 Beyer교재의 비교연구

김정화 대구산업정보대학 1987 논문집 Vol.1 No.-

In this thesis, we study to compare and analysis the characteristic of the Bastien of a textbook that gradually be come into wide use in our nation, in opposition to a 「Bayer」 of the elementary piano textbook that has been traditionally used in our Country and 「Sonatine」 of the next step. Trough this study, These resulting point can be summarited as follows: While The Beyer and Sonatine are that musical technigues is a model of the classism music of the extremely monotonous and distinct, Bastien is compactly made the basis that assimilate enough the complicated and various music of today. Also, Because the Beyer and Sonatine are made up of pure instrumental music of bad-known, A teaching schedule is tedious and perseverance necessary to some extent. But, The Bastien is composed of a melody that The words of the song is, a folk song, a tune of well-known, it can be assimilated in a familar mood. Also, compared with The Beyer of uniformity, the Bastien can be studied interestingly through the game, the rhythm, drawing a picture, etc. and impartially developed the various fields of musics-listening, a creation, playing a rhythm, etc. Although the Bastien is good textbook as an aspects of techniques and learning effects,because it contains a great deal of America's factor, it is general that The spirit, calture, music of korea lose if The children of korea continually come in contact with textbook of the Bastien. Therefore, This presents a striking contrast to Beyer and Sonatine of pon-universality. Thus, making the most of a merit of New-old textbook, we expect that korea musicians publish an pertient piano textbook of today for inexperienced children of our country in a world-wide, in a korea, as Bartok make an attempt tosublimate national characteristrics music art in Mikrokosmos.