치환에 의해서 야기되는 Benzene ring의 변형에 관한 고찰

서정선,조정랑 명지대학교 1978 明大論文集 Vol.11 No.-

The small deformations induced by subtitution in the skeletal geometry of the benzene ring are analysed in detail in a number of monosubstituted benzene derivatives. It is shown that the available structural data, which come mainly from room Temperature X-ray diffraction experiments, are unsuitable for a detailed investigation of the bond length distrbution within the ring, because of the effects of the thermal motion. They are suitable, however, for a study of the internal bond angles. The observed dependence of the ring geometry upon the σ-electronwithdrawing or-releasing properties of the substituent and the extent of its conjugation with the ring is discussed in terms of ① hybridization effects at the carbon atom at which substitution takes places ② valence shell electron pair repulsions ③ intramolecular non-bonded interactions, and ④ coulombic attractions between formally charged atoms. If appears that the experimental evidence is best rationalized in terms of either hybridization changes or valence shell electron pair repulsions.

Effect of Accelerated Aging on the Color Stability of Dual-Cured Self-Adhesive Resin Cements

Kim, Ah-Rang,Jeon, Yong-Chan,Jeong, Chang-Mo,Yun, Mi-Jung,Huh, Jung-Bo Korean Academy of Dental Science 2015 Journal of korean dental science Vol.8 No.2

Purpose: The effect of accelerated aging on color stability of various dual-cured self-adhesive resin cements were evaluated in this study. Materials and Methods: Color stability was examined using three different brands of dual-cured self-adhesive resin cements: G-CEM LinkAce (GC America), MaxCem Elite (Kerr), and PermaCem 2.0 (DMG) with the equivalent color shade. Each resin cement was filled with Teflon mold which has 6 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness. Each specimen was light cured for 20 seconds using light emitting diode (LED) light curing unit. In order to evaluate the effect of accelerated aging on color stability, color parameters (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage, CIE $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$) and color differences (${\Delta}E^*$) were measured at three times: immediately, after 24 hours, and after thermocycling. The $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$ values were analyzed using Friedman test and ${\Delta}E^*$ values on the effect of 24 hours and accelerated aging were analyzed using t-test. These values were compared with the limit value of color difference (${\Delta}E^*=3.7$) for dental restoration. One-way ANOVA and Scheff's test (P<0.05) were performed to analyze each ${\Delta}E^*$ values between cements at each test period. Result: There was statistically significant difference in comparison of color specification ($L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$) values after accelerated aging except $L^*$ value of G-CEM LinkAce (P<0.05). After 24 hours, color difference (${\Delta}E^*$) values were ranged from 2.47 to 3.48 and $L^*$ values decreased and $b^*$ values increased in all types of cement and MaxCem Elite had high color stability (P<0.05). After thermocycling, color change's tendency of cement was varied and color difference (${\Delta}E^*$) values were ranged from 0.82 to 2.87 and G-CEM LinkAce had high color stability (P<0.05). Conclusion: Color stability of dual-cured self-adhesive resin cements after accelerated aging was evaluated and statistically significant color changes occurred within clinically acceptable range.

韓國人 乳癌組織의 Estrogen 受容體의 檢索

金政徹,李洙定,鄭泰浩,朴朗韻,黃一愚 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1992 慶北醫大誌 Vol.33 No.3

한국여성의 유방암에서 estrogen수용체 및 progesterone수용체의 분포를 알아보기 위하여 39례의 유방암조직에서 이를 측정하였다. Estrogen수용체는 33.3%에서 양성으로 5.42에서 230.02f㏖/㎎ protein까지의 값을 나타내었고 progesterone수용체는 5.34내지 66.60f㏖/㎎ protein의 함량을 가진 56.4%에서 양성이었다. 폐경기 이전은 폐경기 이후에 비해 estrogen수용체와 progesterone수용체가 모두 양성인 경우가 더 많았고 모두 음성인 경우는 더 적었으며 환자의 연령이 50세 이하인 경우의 progesterone수용체 양성율은 50세 이상의 경우보다 두배 이상 높았다. 또한 액와임파절전이가 전혀없는 경우가 1개이상 전이된 경우보다 훨씬 높은 estrogen수용체 양성율을 보였으며 TNM병기 Ⅱ는 병기Ⅱ나 Ⅳ보다 estrogen수용체 및 progesterone수용체 양성율이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 한편 조직학적 유형과 호르몬 수용체와의 관계는 대부분이 infiltrating ductal carcinoma인 까닭에 의미 있는 결과를 얻지 못하였다. 이상의 결과에서 나타난 estrogen수용체 및 progesterone수용체와 유방암의 여러 임상적 병리조직학적 측면들과의 상관관계로 미루어 볼 때 임상검사실에서의 통상적인 호르몬수용체 측정법 확립은 유방암의 치료 및 예후판단에 매우 유용하리라 기대된다. The levels of estrogen receptors (ER) ad Progesterone receptors (PR) in 39 breast cancer tissues have been determined and a correlation of both receptor levels with the histopathologic findings and clinical features was attempted. The ER levels ranged from 0 to 230.02 fmol/㎎ cytosol protein and the PR levels ranged from 0 to 66.60 fmol/㎎ cytosol protein. 33% of the specimens were ER+ and 56% were PR+. The group younger than 50 years had a higher percentage of positive PR status. The positive rate of ER showed no significant difference between pre and postmenopause, while those of PR was decreased from 67% in pre-to 41% in postmenopause. 82% of the histologic type were infiltrating ductal carcinoma and 74% of patients were stage Ⅱ of TNM classification. These results indicated that there was strong correlation between age, menopausal status, axillary lymph node metastasis, TNM stage and receptor status.

청소년을 위한 영양지수 개발과 타당도 검증

김혜영(Kim, Hye-Young),이정숙(Lee, Jung-Sug),황지윤(Hwang, Ji-Yun),권세혁(Kwon, Sehyug),정해랑(Chung, Hae Rang5),곽동경(Kwak, Tong-Kyung),강명희(Kang, Myung-Hee),최영선(Choi, Young-Sun) 한국영양학회 2017 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.50 No.2

본 연구는 생애주기별 영양지수 중 청소년을 위한 영양지수 (Nutrition Quotient for Adolescents, NQ-A) 모형을 개발하고자 수행되었다. 영양지수 평가항목 선정을 위해 식품섭취영역에서 20개 문항, 식행동·식습관 영역에서 21개 문항의 총 41개 문항으로 구성된 파일럿 조사용 체크리스트를 개발하였다. 청소년 213명을 대상으로 1일의 식사 섭취실태 조사를 포함한 파일럿 조사를 수행하고, 체크리스트 항목 점수와 식사섭취실태 관련 변수들 간의 상관관계가 높은 24개의 평가항목으로 구성된 전국단위 조사용 체크리스트를 개발하였다. 전국단위 조사는 시도별 집락별로 층화추출된 중고등학생 1,547명에 대해 구조화된 설문지로 면대면 조사를 수행하였고, 탐색적 요인분석을 수행하여 청소년 영양지수의 평가 항목을 19개 항목의 5개 요인으로 분류하고, 구조방정식 모형을 이용해 평가 항목의 구성타당도를 검증하고 추정된 경로계수를 가중치로 적용하였다. 청소년 영양지수를 위한 5개의 요인과 가중치는 각각 균형 0.25, 다양 0.15, 절제 0.25, 환경 0.15, 실천 0.20이었다. 균형 영역에는 과일 섭취 빈도, 흰 우유 섭취 빈도, 콩류 섭취 빈도, 생선 섭취 빈도의 4개 항목이 포함되었고, 다양 영역은 채소 반찬 섭취 빈도, 반찬 골고루 먹는 정도, 편식 정도의 3개 항목, 절제 영역은 과자 또는 달거나 기름진 빵 섭취 빈도, 가공 음료 섭취 빈도, 라면 섭취 빈도, 카페인 음료섭취 빈도, 야식 섭취 빈도, 길거리 음식 섭취 빈도의 6개 항목, 환경 영역은 아침식사 빈도, 식탁에 앉아서 식사하는 정도, TV·핸드폰·컴퓨터 사용 시간의 3개 항목, 그리고 실천 영역은 영양 표시 확인 정도, 음식 먹기 전 손 씻는 정도, 운동 빈도의 3개 항목이 포함되었다. 전국단위 조사대상자의 영양지수 (NQ-A) 평균 점수는 56.0점이었고, 세부 영역별로는 균형 58.6점, 다양 55.6점, 절제 48.1점, 환경 70.6점, 실천 52.1점이었다. 영양지수 점수와 각 영역별 등급은 전국 조사 결과의 백분위수 분포를 기준으로 75~100 백분위의 경우 ‘상’ 등급, 25 ~ <75 백분위의 경우 ‘중’ 등급, 0 ~ <25 백분위는 ‘하’ 등급으로 분류하였다. 영양지수의 경우 63.1~100점은 ‘상’ 등급, 49.0~63점은 ‘중’ 등급, 0~48.9점은 ‘하’ 등급으로 판정되었다. 본 연구에서 개발된 청소년을 위한 영양지수는 19개 항목으로 구성된 식행동 체크리스트를 통해 영양지수 점수와 균형, 다양, 절제, 환경, 실천 영역의 점수를 산출할 수 있으며, 상대적인 NQ 등급 부여를 통해 식사의 질과 식행동이 양호한 지를 판정할 수 있다. 본 연구에서 개발된 청소년용 영양지수 (NQ-A)가 청소년의 식사의 질과 식행동 평가 및 영양교육의 효과 평가 등에 많이 활용될 것으로 기대된다. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a nutrition quotient for adolescents (NQ-A) to assess overall dietary quality and food behavior of Korean adolescents. Methods: Development of the NQ-A was undertaken in three steps: item generation, item reduction, and validation. Candidate items of the NQ-A checklist were selected based on literature reviews, results of the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, dietary guidelines for Korean adolescents, expert in-depth interviews, and national nutrition policies and recommendations. A total of 213 middle and high school students participated in a one-day dietary record survey and responded to 41 items in the food behavior checklist. Pearson"s correlation coefficients between the responses to the checklist items along with nutritional status of the adolescents were calculated. Item reduction was performed, and 24 items were selected for the nation-wide survey. A total of 1,547 adolescents from 17 cities completed the checklist questionnaire. Exploratory factor and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to develop a final NQ-A model. Results: Nineteen items were finalized as the checklist items for the NQ-A. Checklist items were composed of five factors (balance, diversity, moderation, environment, and practice). The five-factor structure accounted for 47.2% of the total variance. Standardized path coefficients were used as weights of the items. The NQ-A and five-factor scores were calculated based on the obtained weights of the questionnaire items. Conclusion: Nutrition Quotient for adolescents (NQ-A) would be a useful instrument for evaluating dietary quality and food behavior of Korean adolescents. Further research on NQ-A is needed to reflect changes in adolescent"s food behavior and environment.

영양표시정착화사업(Ⅱ) : 식품참고량설정에 관한 연구 Study on the Establishement of the Reference Amount in Foods

김대병,장영미,김인복,이혜영,장재희,김보영,이정구,김창민,정해랑 식품의약품안전청 2000 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.4 No.-

본 연구는 영양표시에서 1회분량 및 영양소함량표시의 기준으로 사용되는 "식픔창고량"에 관한 연구를 수행하므로써 합리적이고 일관성있는 영양표시기준 개선을 위한 기초자료로 활용코자 하였다. 이를 위하여 미국 및 캐나다를 중심으로 제외국의 현황 및 식품참고량 설정방법을 조사 ·연구 하으며 제도도입 및 개선 방안을 강구하였파. 또한, 시판 제품의 영양료시현황 및 음료류 둥의 포장단위 등을 피악하여 식품참고량설정을 위한 기초자료로 활용코자 하였다. 앞으로 국민건강 ·영양조사자료의 체계적인 통계분석, 가공식품의 섭취량조사 등을 통하여 우리나라 국민의 1인 1회 섭취량자료의 축적이 선행되어야 할 것이다. The purpose of this ?roject is to study on the reference amounts customarily consumed per eating occasion to improve the nutrition labelling standards. We Performed to study on the methodology to establish the reference amounts on the basis of the review on the advanced counITy's status. And we investigated the packaged unit ofprocessed foods. Further study is needed to establlsh the customarily consumed amount per eating occasionthrough the statistical analysis of nationwide food consumption data. Our results will be helpful information to improve nutrition labelling system in Korea.

Comparison of Catalyzing Properties of Bacterial 4-α-Glucanotransferases Focusing on Their Cyclizing Activity

( Jung-eun Kim ),( Phuong Lan Tran ),( Jae-min Ko ),( Sa-rang Kim ),( Jae-han Kim ),( Jong-tae Park ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2021 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.31 No.1

A newly cloned 4-α-glucanotransferase (αGT) from Deinococcus geothermalis and two typical bacterial αGTs from Thermus scotoductus and Escherichia coli (MalQ) were investigated. Among 4 types of catalysis, the cyclization activity of αGTs that produces cycloamylose (CA), a valuable carbohydrate making inclusion complexes, was intensively studied. The new αGT, DgαGT, showed close protein sequence to the αGT from T. scotoductus (TsαGT). MalQ was clearly separated from the other two αGTs in the phylogenetic and the conserved regions analyses. The reaction velocities of disproportionation, cyclization, coupling, and hydrolysis of three αGTs were determined. Intriguingly, MalQ exhibited more than 100-fold lower cyclization activity than the others. To lesser extent, the disproportionation activity of MalQ was relatively low. DgαGT and TsαGT showed similar kinetics results, but TsαGT had nearly 10-fold lower hydrolysis activity than DgαGT. Due to the very low cyclizing activity of MalQ, DgαGT and TsαGT were selected for further analyses. When amylose was treated with DgαGT or TsαGT, CA with a broad DP range was generated immediately. The DP distribution of CA had a bimodal shape (DP 7 and 27 as peaks) for the both enzymes, but larger DPs of CA quickly decreased in the DgαGT. Cyclomaltopentaose, a rare cyclic sugar, was produced at early reaction stage and accumulated as the reactions went on in the both enzymes, but the increase was more profound in the TsαGT. Taken together, we clearly demonstrated the catalytic differences between αGT groups from thermophilic and pathogenic bacteria that and showed that αGTs play different roles depending on their lifestyle.

Design of a Pedestal Part for the Marine Surveillance Night Vision System

Jung-Keun Kim,Jong-Min Kim,Ki-Rang Park,Se-Hun Song,Seung-Hun Baek,Jong-Ok Baek,Yun-Hyung Lee,Seung-Wook Hwang,Gang-Gyoo Jin 한국항해항만학회 2006 한국항해항만학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.-

This paper presents the design of a surveillance night vision system for marine ships. Both a hardware system and software modules for tracking control are developed. In order to control each control axis with compensation for ship motion, the two-degree of freedom(TDF) PID controller is designed and its parameters are tuned using a real-coded genetic algorithm(RCGA). Simulation demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed system.

Measurement of the Number of Achenes using Strawberry Images and Estimation of Strawberry Fruit Weight by Linking Fruit Length and Width

Jung Su Jo,Ha Seon Sim,Yu Hyun Moon,Ui Jeong Woo,Tae Yeon Lee,Ha Rang Shin,Sung Kyeom Kim 한국원예학회 2022 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2022 No.11

Measurement of the Number of Achenes using Strawberry Images and Estimation of Strawberry Fruit Weight by Linking Fruit Length and Width

Jung Su Jo,Ha Seon Sim,Yu Hyun Moon,Ui Jeong Woo,Tae Yeon Lee,Ha Rang Shin,Sung Kyeom Kim 한국원예학회 2022 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2022 No.11

The mRNA Expression and Methylation Pattern of Apoptosis-related and Imprinted Genes in Day 35 of Cloned Pig Fetuses

Jung, Hyun-Ju,Ko, Yeoung-Gyu,Hwang, Seong-Soo,Im, Gi-Sun,Park, Mi-Rung,Woo, Jae-Seok,Park, Choon-Keun,Seong, Hwan-Hoo The Korean Society of Animal Reproduction 2007 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.31 No.4

This study was conducted to examine the mRNA expression of apoptosis-related and imprinted genes and methylation pattern of the differentially methylated region (DMR) of H19 gene in day 35 of SCNT pig fetuses. The day 35 of natural mating (control) or cloned (clone) pig fetuses were recovered from uterus. Endometrium from dam and liver from fetus were obtained, respectively. mRNA expression was evaluated by real-time PCR and methylation pattern was analyzed by bisulfite sequencing method. The Bcl-2 mRNA expression in clone was significantly lower than that of control (p<0.05). The mRNA expression of H19 gene in both endometrium and liver was significantly higher in clone than that of control, respectively (p<0.05). The level of IGF-2 mRNA in liver of clone was significantly lower than that of control (p<0.05), whereas the mRNA expression of IGF2-R gene in liver of clone was significantly higher than that of control (p<0.05). The DMR of H19 was lower methylation pattern in clone than that of control. These results suggest that the aberrant mRNA expression of apoptosis-related and imprinted genes and the lower DMR methylation pattern of imprinted gene may be closely related to the inadequate fetal development of cloned fetus.