자크 랑시에르의 "문학의 정치"의 재맥락화: 진은영의 문제제기를 중심으로

정의진 ( Eui Jin Jung ) 국제비교한국학회 2015 비교한국학 Comparative Korean Studies Vol.23 No.2

진은영이 『창작과비평』 2008년 겨울호에 발표한 「감각적인 것의 분배: 2000년대의 시에 대하여」가 한국문단에 불러 일으킨 파장은 컸으며, 이로부터 다양한 논의들이 촉발되었다. 이 글에서 진은영은 프랑스의 정치 학자이자 미학자인 자크 랑시에르의 『감각적인 것의 재분배: 미학과 정치』를 주로 참조하였다. 참조의 핵심은 문학과 정치의 관계를 새롭게 사고하는 것이었다. 이후로도 진은영은 시인의 현실참여와 시의 예술성 사이의 이분 법적인 대립관계를 생산적인 상호작용 관계로 전화시킬 수 있는 새로운 사고들을 랑시에르에게서 길어왔다. 문학예술적인 창조성이 사회적인 관습에 입각한 감각과 사고, 나아가 사회의 정치적인 지형도를 새롭게 재편해 나가는 기획과 실천을 위하여, 진은영은 ‘예술의 미학적인 체제’의 지속적인 재구성이라는 랑시에르의 입론을 한국적인 상황에서 재맥락화하는 다양한 실천을 수행하였다. 문인들이 용산참사, 두리반 등의 상황에 적극적으로 개입하면서도, 사건의 현장에서 소위 사회성과 예술성의 이분법을 넘나드는 다양한 경향의 시와 텍스트들을 공유하는 작업이 그 한 예이다. 시와 문학이 유동적이고 복합적인 사회현실에 지속적인 개방성을 유지하고, 이를 통해 시인 스스로의 감수성에 새로운 예술적, 정치적 계기를 부여하는 것, 나아가 문학과 정치의 관계를 새로운 지평속에서 재설정하고자 하는 것이 진은영의 입장이고 실천이었다. 사회경제적 맥락속에서 진은영의 작업을 되짚어 볼 때, 진은영의 작업은 2008년 촛불시위, 미국의 서브프라임 모기지론의 붕괴와 리먼브러더스 파산을 통해 확산된 전세계적 금융위기, 2009년 초입의 용산사태 등 일련의 국내외적 상황이 한국사회와 현재의 자본주의 경제체제를 근본적으로 새롭게 사고해야 할 필요성과 맞물려 있었다. 이러한 상황은 한국문학사의 현대적 전개과정속에서 강력하게 부상하였다가 1990년대에 접어들어 급속하게 퇴조한 경향, 즉 변혁지향적 문학의 기억을 새롭게 환기하게 되는 계기이기도 하였다. 그러나 이 기억은 문학을 변혁운동의 도구로 간주하는 사고와 실천의 폐해와도 맞물려 있다. 추상적인 사회과학적 관점에서 규정된 구조적인 사회경제적 모순에 대응하고자 한 문학적 실천은, 보다 다양하고 복합적이며 이질적인 상황의 공존과 상호침투라는 실제 사회의 현실을 단순화하기 일쑤였다. 사회경제적 토대 내지 구조적인 모순에 집착하기 보다는, 이의 극복을 위해서라도 문학예술의 창조적이고 주체적인 대응을 강조하는 자크 랑시에르의 입론을 진은영이 적극 수용하였던 이유를 이러한 맥락에서 이해할 수 있을 것이다. 결국 랑시에르에게서도 진은영에게서도, 프랑스와 한국이라는 서로 다른 사회역사적 맥락에도 불구하고 핵심은 가능성에 대한 탐구와 실천이다. 미리 결정된 진리는 없다라는 랑시에르의근본 관점에 진은영은 충실하다. 따라서 진은영의 랑시에르에 대한 이해를 이론적 정확성의 관점에서 비판적으로 검토하는 작업은, 필요하고 유의미하기는 하지만 한계를 가진다. 문제의 핵심은 가능성의 탐구이고 실천이기 때문이다. Eunyoung Jin`s “The Re-distribution of the Sensible: On Poetry of the 2000s,” which was published in the journal “Creation and Criticism (Winter, 2008)” caused a great stir in Korean literature and triggered various follow-up discussions. In this piece, Eunyoung Jin made references mostly from “Politics of Aesthetics: The Distribution of the Sensible” by Jacques Ranciere, a French scholar of politics and aesthetics. Her referential focus was to newly consider the relationship between literature and politics. Even afterwards, Eunyoung Jin had drawn from Ranciere new thoughts that could turn a dichotomously contrasting relationship between a poet’s participation in reality and poetry’s artistic value into a (more) productive interactional relationship. In order to plan and practice a reformation of senses and thoughts whose literary and artistic creativity are based on social customs and on a larger scale, a new reformation of the society’s political geography, Eunyong Jin underwent various activities to re-contextualize Ranciere’s argument on constant reformation of “The Aesthetic Regime of Art” for situations in Korea. Writers who actively engaged in situations such as the Yongsan disaster and the Duriban struggle, while choosing to share various poetic tendencies and texts that hover between a so-called dichotomy of art and society are one good example. Ensuring that poetry and literature will maintain a continuous openness toward fluid and complex realities of the society, thereby giving the sensibility of a poet himor herself new artistic and political motives and reset the relationship between literature and politics above a new horizon was the position held by and practiced by Eunyoung Jin. Looking back at Eunyoung Jin’s work from a socio-economic context, her work is interlocked with the need to fundamentally change the way of thinking in respect of Korean society and the current economic system based on capitalism and a series of domestic and foreign situations such as the 2008 Candlelight Protest (in South Korea), the Financial crisis of 2008 that originated in the U.S. subprime mortgage crisis and the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers and later spread worldwide and the Yongsan disaster in the beginning of 2009. These situations provided an opportunity to newly refresh in mind the Korean literature’s history of rapid advancement along with the modernization process of and also of rapid decline in the 1990s, i.e., the memory of literature`s revolutionary tendency. However, this memory is also connected with the evils of thought and practice that treat literature as a tool for revolutionary movement(s). Literary practice to confront the socio-economic contradiction that was structural and fixed from an abstract social-scientific perspective often simplified the reality of society where more diverse, complex and foreign situations coexisted and interpenetrated one another. In this regard, the reason Eunyoung Jin actively accepted Jacques Ranciere’s argument that emphasized the independent and creative confrontation of literary works, at least to overcome the abovementioned issue, rather than obsessing over the socio-economic foundation and the structural contradiction can be understood. In the end, regardless of the different socio-economic contexts between France and Korea, (it is clear that) the main idea for both Jacques Ranciere and Eunyoung Jin is the study and practice of possibilities. Eunyoung Jin is faithful to Ranciere’s fundamental principle that there is no pre-determined truth. Therefore, although the task of critically reviewing Eunyoung Jin`s understanding of Ranciere from a perspective of theoretical accuracy is necessary and has meaning, but is not without limitations as the focus of the problem is the study and practice of possibilities.

論文(론문) : 大腸正格證(대장정격증)과 장누수증후군(Leaky Gut Syndrome)과의 관계 考察(고찰)

이진철 ( Jin Cheoul Lee ),박상균 ( Sang Kyun Park ),방정균 ( Jung Kyun Bang ) 대한한의학원전학회(구 대한원전의사학회) 2013 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.26 No.4

A Study on the Relationship between Dae-Jang-Jung-Gyeok(大腸正格) and Leaky Gut Syndrome Lee Jin-Cheoul1·Park Sang-Kyun2·Bang Jung-kyun3 *1Dept. of Medical History, College of Korean Medicine, Kyunghee University 2Dept. of Meridian, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University 3Dept. of Korean Medical Classics and History, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University Objective: If the penetration ratio of the intestinal mucosa is increased, the toxic or unhealthy materials - which should not be absorbed into our bodies - will be come into our bodies. They cause a sort of anti-toxic response or confusion of the immune system, and ultimately bring various types of diseases. This syndrome is related "Poison in Excrement" or "Internal Damage(內傷發□)" and Leaky Gut Syndrome, so I will study on the relationship between them. Method: Study on the relationship between Dae-Jang-Jung-gyeok and Leaky Gut Syndrome. Result: Korean doctors in ancient times called this syndrome "Poison in Excrement" or "Internal Damage(內傷發□)" and treated it with "Dae-Jang-Jung-Gyeok(大腸正格)". Leaky Gut Syndrome is a sort of clinical lesion, which allows foreign and harmful toxins in and results in a disorder of the immune system due to the leaking intestinal mucosa. Conclusion: Based upon the analyses, Dae-Jang-Jung-Gyeok and Leaky Gut Syndrome are closely related. Therefore diseases caused by the Leaky Gut Syndrome might be expected to be cured by Dae-Jang-Jung-Gyeok. Particularly the use of treatments for self-immune diseases and allergic diseases such as atopyic dermatitis and articular rheumatism should be expected to reveal a new path of treatment for other disorders such as Leaky Gut Syndrome. Key Words: Poison in Excrement, Internal Damage(內傷發□), Dae-Jang-Jung-Gyeok(大腸正格), Leaky Gut Syndrome

염상섭 장편 『화관』의 인물 연구 - 타락녀 최봉순을 중심으로 -

김정진 ( Kim Jung-jin ) 국제어문학회 ( 구 국제어문학연구회 ) 2018 국제어문 Vol.0 No.76

염상섭의 장편소설 『화관』에는 대조적인 여성 캐릭터 영숙과 봉순이 등장한다. 진호를 유혹하는 봉순이라는 캐릭터는 애욕을 추구하는 타락한 여성이다. 봉순은 염상섭이 전후사회의 혼란한 현실에 대한 우려를 형상화한 의도적인 캐릭터라고 할 수 있다. 봉순의 욕망실현 양상은 단계적으로 나누어 진행된다. 첫째, 봉순이 결혼을 앞둔 진호에게 적극적으로 애정공세를 퍼붓는 단계이다. 그녀는 중년의 사장들과 어울리면서도 연하의 진호를 육체적으로 유혹한다. 이때 봉순은 극도의 이기주의를 보인다. 둘째, 진호와 동거에 들어간 봉순은 영숙이가 진호를 포기하도록 만들면서 동시에 사장들과 모종의 모의를 한다. 이 단계에서 봉순은 아내로서의 일상보다는 화류계에 종사했던 모습을 보인다. 그 때문의 그녀의 비윤리성이 드러나고 그녀의 실체를 알게 된 진호가 영숙과 결혼한다. 셋째는 진호와 영숙 결혼 이후에도 그 집에 함께 살면서 다시 한일방직 사장을 유혹하다가 실패하고 떠나는 단계이다. 봉순은 문란하고 게으른 자신의 본 모습을 드러내어 영숙과 대조를 보인다. 결국 봉순은 영숙과 자신을 비교하며 자신이 결코 진호를 빼앗을 수 없다는 것을 깨닫는다. 봉순은 일련의 행위를 통해 전후 미망인이 자신의 생계를 유지하기 위해 술집이나 댄스홀 출입, 미군상대 혹은 재혼을 위한 사교 등의 일을 벌이고 다니는 모습을 보여준다. 그것은 바로 염상섭이 염려하는 미망인이 길을 잘못 드는 것을 그대로 형상화한 것이다. 작가는 아이러니를 통하여 봉순의 허위성을 드러내고 영숙을 도덕적 캐릭터로 제시하여 종국에는 영숙의 행복한 결말로 이 작품을 끝내고 있다. 그리고 고통스러운 과정을 극복한 순종적 여성 인물 영숙을 평가하고 인정하는 구세대의 입장이 노정되었다. 그것은 염상섭의 가부장적 가치관과 신세대와의 갈등에서 구세대의 중심을 잃지 않는 세계관의 반영인 것이다. In this paper, I analyzed the meaning of the role of a representative female character, Bong-sun in the Yum Sang-sup's novel ; 『A Flower Crown』. The character Bong-sun tempts Jin-ho embodies characteristics typical of a fallen woman who pursues only lust. Bong-sun is an intentional character used by the author to portray concerns about the turbulent reality of postwar society. Bong-sun's desire is realized in several stages. First, Bong-sun actively pursues affection for Jin-ho, who is about to marry. She physically attracted younger Jin-ho while meeting with the company's bosses. Second, Bong-sun, who has been living with Jin-ho, cooperates with the corporate CEOs while she forces Yong-suk to give Jin-ho up. At this stage, Jin-ho realizes Bong-sun's true motivation and marries Young-suk. Third, after Jin-ho and Young-suk married, she lived together with them in the same house and tempted the boss of a Korea-Japan textile company again and failed. Gradually Bong-sun reveals the reality of her vanity and contrasts of behavior of Young-suk. In the end, Bong-sun compares herself to Young-suk and realizes that she will never win Jin-ho. Bong-sun is shown as a widow who struggles while working in a pub, in a dance hall, and must either meet US military or remarry to maintain her livelihood. For this reason Yum Sang-sup was concerned the misguided ways of widowhood. Through the use of irony, the writer reveals the falseness of Bong-sun, presents her as an immoral character, and finally concludes this work with a happy ending. With this story, the position of the older generation, which appreciates and acknowledges the obedience of the female character, Young-suk, who survived the painful process, was brought to life. This story is a reflection of the world view that retains focus on the older generation in the midst of conflict between the patriarchal values of Yong Sang-Sup and the new generation.

항정신병약물을 처음으로 사용하는 초발 정신증 환자에서 나타나는 체중 및 대사성 지표의 변화 : 후향적 연구

김우진,심주철,공보금,강제욱,문정준,김정은,김민걸,박민경,김성진,김현정,정도운 대한생물치료정신의학회 2011 생물치료정신의학 Vol.17 No.2

Objectives:This study was to identify weight & metabolic changes in first-episode psychotic patients with antipsychotics use and investigate the differences of weight & metabolic changes between first-episode psychotic patients and controls with antipsychotics use. Method:In this retrospective study, twenty eight first-episode psychotic patients and twenty eight controls with schizophrenia, schizoaffective or bipolar disorder defined by DSM-IV criteria were included. Information about demographic and clinical characteristics of the subjects was gathered from the medical records. Also body weight, sBP, dBP, fasting glucose, lipid profile and WBC count were evaluated before and after antipsychotics use. Rogistic regression was conducted to assess factors associated with weight gain. Results:First-episode psychotic patients showed more weight and BMI changes than controls after antipsychotics use, and these changes continue over 12 months. On the other hand, there were no significant factors associated with weight gain. Conclusion:The results of present study suggest that antispychotics is one of the major causes inducing weight gain of psychotic patients and antipsychotics-induced weight gain is more vulnerable to drug-naive first-episode psychotic patients.

북한 최고지도자 헌법적 지위·권한 변동에 관한 연구 : 주석-국방위원장-국무위원장의 지위·권한 교차비교를 중점으로

Jung,Kyo-Jin 고려대학교세종캠퍼스 공공정책연구소 2021 Journal of North Korea Studies Vol.7 No.2

The North Korean constitution regulates the status and authority of the supreme leader in detail. Therefore, through reviewing the revised constitutions of North Korea, we can compare the constitutional status and authority of Kim Il Sung (President), Kim Jong Il (Chairman of the National Defense Commission), and Kim Jong Un (Chairman of the State Affairs Commission). This study comparatively analyzed the 1972 Socialist Constitution when the status of the President was the highest, the 2009 revised Constitution when the status of the Chairman of the National Defense Commission was the highest, and the 2019 revised Constitution(14th, 15th amendments) when the status of the Chairman of the State Affairs Commission was the highest. As a result, the constitutional status and authority of ‘Chairman of the State Affairs Commission’ took precedence over ‘President’ and ‘Chairman of the National Defense Commission’. One of the representative distinctions in terms of status is the fact that the new constitution(Article 101 of the 15th amendment) regulates that the Chairman of the State Affairs Commission does not serve as representatives of the Supreme People s Assembly. ‘President’ and ‘Chairman of the National Defense Commission’ had served as representatives to the Supreme People s Assembly, although not regulated by law. In terms of constitutional authority, the distinct difference is the right to “appoint and summon diplomatic representatives stationed in other countries” (Article 104). It is an authority that neither the president nor the Chairman of the National Defense Commission had in the past. In August 2019, with the introduction of the new Constitution, this right was transferred to the Chairman of the State Affairs Commission from the Standing committee of the Supreme People s Assembly. Kim Jong Un had exercised this right to summon his uncle Kim Pyong Il, the ambassador to the Czech Republic(2019.11). It must have been an exercise of authority to prevent the leakage of power and to consolidate the monolithic leadership system. This is a good example for showing the purpose of expanding and strengthening Kim Jong Un s constitutional status and authority. The constitutional status of Kim Jong Un (Chairman of the State Affairs Commission) reached its peak in the new constitution in August 2019 and surpassed not only Kim Jong Il (Chairman of the National Defense Commission) but also Kim Il Sung (President). The preface to the Constitution states that it is “Kim Il Sung - Kim Jong Il Constitution,” but it seems safe to call it “Kim Jong Un Constitution.” This upgrade of Kim Jong Un s constitutional status and authority in 2019 fully predicted the change (rise) of Kim Jong Un s party status at the 8th Party Congress held in January this year.

위선암에 병발된 혈액학적 합병증 1예 : 백적아구증, 파종성 혈관내 응고, 미세 맥관성 용혈성 빈혈

정혜경,김희진,이선영,최진혁,이순남,이홍수,정화순,한운섭 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1994 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.17 No.2

Among the hematologic complications of solid tumors, leukoerythroblastosis, DIO and MAHA have been known to be clinically significant According to the recent increasing incidence of cancer, these hematologic complications have been reported frequently. However, the simutaneous developement of such manifestations is rare. Recently, we have experienced a patient with gastric adenocarcinoma in which case severe bleeding tendency were observed and laboratory studies including bone marrow examination demonstrated the findings of leukoerythroblastosis, DIC and MAHA. She died of upper gastrointestinal bleeding despite the supportive care such as vlood transfusions. We should give attention to the findings of peripheral golld smear for the patient with malignancy and it is mandatory for therapeutic plan to perform bone marrow examination if the above mentioned hemorrhagic complications are suspected.

N_3O_2형의 Dibenzoic Polyether Nitrogen과 Fe족 금속이온의 錯物에 關한 硏究(Ⅰ)

丁學鎭,丁梧鎭,曺正煥 조선대학교 기초과학연구소 1984 自然科學硏究 Vol.7 No.1

새로운 N_2O_3형 Dibenzonic Polyether Nitrogen을 합성하여 여러 비양자성 용매하에서〔Acetonitrile (AN), N, N-Dimethylformamide(DMF), Dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO) 및 Tetrahydrofuran(THF)와 Fe족 금속이온염과 합성한 Ligandrks의 착물생성에 따른 안정도 상수를 전기전도도법으로 구하고 착물생성으로 유발되는 음이온효과 용매효과 등을 UV-Spectrum으로부터 알아보았다. 그리고 비양자성 용매하에서의 전기전도도 자료로부터 착물이온들의 행동을 검토하였다. Dibenzonic Polyether Nitrogen (DBPN)의 구조는 원소분석과 IR-Spectrum 자료로부터 확인하였다. DBPN-CoCl_2DBPN-NiCl_2DBPN-Co(NO_3)_2 및 DBPN-Ni(NO_3)_2 착이온들의 비전도도를 Tokyo Electric Conductivitymeter에 의하여 25℃에서 측정하였다. 용매의 첨가량에 따라 Complex ion들의 당량전도도는 용매효과 금속양이온 및 음이온 등에 의하여 영향을 받는다. 특히 DBPN-metal(Co^2+, Ni^2+) Complex의 안정도상수 값은 AN>DMSO>THF 순이다. 일정 용매하에서 DBPN-metal(Co^2+, Ni^2+) 착물들의 안정도정수들은 Co^2+>Ni^2+와 Cl^->NO_3^-의 순으로 증가하였다. 이런 결과들로부터 DBPN-Ni과 Co의 착물들의 안정도정수는 DBPN의 동공 크기와 양이온크기의 상대적인 비에 의하여 크게 의존하였다. 그리고 비양자성 용매하에서 Complex ion들의 최대흡광 Peak는 핵전이 장파장이동 Peak를 보여준다. The ligand of the new Dibenzoic Polyether Nitrogen(DBPN) or the N_3O_2 type has been synthezised. The stability constants for the 1‥1 complexes of DBPN with cobalt and nickel in Acetonitrile, Dimethylsulfoxide, Tetrahydrofrane and and N, N-Dimethylforamide have been determined by electrical conductivitimeter and the effect of solvents, cations and anions indused from formation of complexes with DBPN ligand, have been discussed by the data of the UV-spectrum, and then the behaviors of these complexes ions have been discussed from the data of analysis of elements and IR-spectrum. The structures of DBPN are indentified from the data of analysis of elements and IR-spectrum. The specific conductances of the complexes with DBPN, chloride and nitrate salt of cobalt and nickel are measured Conductances at 25℃. The equivalent conductances are affected by the volume of organosolvents added, kinds of organosolvents, solvation, cations and anions, and the stability constants of complexes with Co^2+ and Ni^2+ are in the order of AN>DMSO>TMF>DMF, and the stability constants of these complexes are in the order of Co^2+>Ni^2+ and Cl^->NO_3^-, respectively. The stability constants of these complexes depends highly on relative ratio of cavity size of DBPN and cation size. The λ_max. of these complexes are shifted by solvents used and these complexes are also shifted in the direction of the long wavelength under the aprotic solvents.

A Case of Urethral Stent for Recurrent Urethral Stricture and Penile Prosthesis for Erectile Dysfunction

Jung, Gyung-Woo,Song, Young-Jin,Park, Young-Ho,Kwon, Heon-Young,Yoon, Jin-Han 동아대학교의과대학 1992 동아의대학술지 Vol.4 No.1

한국어판 정신증상평가척도의 신뢰도와 타당도

정순민,김미경,이정빈,최진환,정봉주,변원탄 大韓神經精神醫學會 2007 신경정신의학 Vol.46 No.3

Objectives : Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale (PSYRATS) is an assessment tool to measure the seventy of different dimen-sions of auditory hallucinations and delusions. The reliability and validity of the Korean version of PSYRATS (K-PSYRATS)were examined in Korean patients with major psychosis. Methods : The inter-rater reliability of the K-PSYRATS was determined from the videotaped interviews of the five Schizoph-renic patients. To measure validity and internal consistency reliability, the 109 patients with auditory hallucinations or delusions were assessed using the K-PSYRATS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Clinical Global Impression-Se-verity (CGI-S) scale. Results : K-PSYRATS was found to have excellent inter-rater reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient of auditory haliu-cination=0.81, P<.001, intm-class correlation coefficient ofde1usion=0.97, P<.001) and internal consistency reliability (Cron-bach's a of auditory hallucination =0.77, Cronbach's α of delusion =0.76). Significant correlation was found between K-PSY-RATS and positive syndrome subscale of PANSS and CGI. Conclusion : K-PSYRATS is a useful assessment instrument for psychotic symptoms in Korea.

Conceptual Study for Tissue-Regenerative Biodegradable Magnesium Implant Integrated with Nitric Oxide-Releasing Nanofi bers

Jin‑Kyung Jeon,Hyunseon Seo,Jimin Park,Soo Ji Son,Yeong Rim Kim,Eun Shil Kim,Jong Woong Park,Woong‑Gyo Jung,Hojeong Jeon,Yu‑Chan Kim,Hyun‑Kwang Seok,Jae Ho Shin,Myoung‑Ryul Ok 대한금속·재료학회 2019 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.25 No.4

The excessive initial corrosion rate of Mg is a critical limitation in the clinical application of biodegradable Mg implantsbecause the device loses its fi xation strength before the fractured bone heals. This study suggests a new approach to overcomethis hurdle by accelerating tissue regeneration instead of delaying the implant biodegradation. As angiogenesis is anessential process in early bone regeneration, a Mg implant coated with electrospun nanofi bers containing nitric oxide (NO),which physiologically promotes angiogenesis, is designed. The integrated device enables adjustable amounts of NO to bestored on the NO donor-conjugated nanofi ber coating, stably delivered, and released to the fractured bone tissue near theimplanted sites. An in vitro corrosion test reveals no adverse eff ect of the released NO on the corrosion behavior of the Mgimplant. Simultaneously, the optimal concentration level of NO released from the implant signifi cantly enhances tube networkformation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells without any cytotoxicity problem. This indicates that angiogenesis canbe accelerated by combining NO-releasing nanofi bers with a Mg implant. With its proven feasibility, the proposed approachcould be a novel solution for the initial stability problem of biodegradable Mg implants, leading to successful bone fi xation.