The HBV DNA Amounts in Serum Have No relationship with ALT level and Hetergeneous Population Coexits in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Chun, Yoon-Keun,Ha, Joo-hun,Hong-Jung-Woo,Oh, Soo-Myung,Kim, Sung-Soo 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Yoon-Keun Chun¹,Joohun Ha□Hong-Jung Woo□, Soo Myung Oh□,Sung Soo Kim□ ¹Department of Molecular Biology, College of Medicine,²Department of Surgery, college of Medicine,³Department of Internal Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine,and ⁴East-Weat Medical Reserch Institute,Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea. The HBV DNA Amounts in Serum Have No relationship with ALT level and Hetergeneous Population Coexits in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Proceedings of International Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 212-230, 1999. -Hepatitis B is caused by hepadnavirus. Hepatitis B virus replicates through 3.5kb pregenomic RNA intermediate which is regulated by core promoter. Pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus has been bilieved the result of host immune response. But recently many studies have reported that high level of viral replication caused by mutation in core promoter might result in severs hepatitis. But these studies were performed in vitro, not in vivo. So there is yet debate about which factor, viral of host factor, is more important in pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus. So we measured real viral replication level in 204 chronic hepatitis B patients by quantifying HBV DNA from sera by our novel PCR-based more sensitive method, and compared these results with ALT level measured from same sera, which indicates liver cell damage. Surprisingly there are no significant correlation between HBV DNA quantity and ALT level. Then we cloned core promoter region. In SSCP, we found that many viral mutants coexist in one patient. Base on SSCP result, we chose main viral core promoter type in each patients, which is thought to determine overall viral replication level in this patient. Main type of core promoter region of each 41 patients were directly sequenced. And with these we measured promoter activity by luciferase assay system and compared promoter activity with on another. We found tha there were some differences in promoter activity according to core promoter sequences. And we constructed replication-competent viral constructs with core promoter from 41 patients and Transfected these into HepG2 cell and measured HBV DNA by southern blot. There were also differences in HBV DNA quantity according to core promoter sequences. On these all results we investigated correlation between the effect of HBV core promoter on viral replication in vitro and HBN DNA quantity, ALT level from sera of each patients. We found there is no significant correlation among them. As a result, we concluded that in determining severity chronic hepatitis B patients, host factors of each patient is more important rather than replicative activity of virus itself.

한 손을 이용한 내비게이션의 한글 문자 입력 인터페이스에 대한 사용자 실험

이명구(Myeong-Goo Lee),천정은(Jung-Eun Chun),정의태(Eui-Tay Jung),연명흠(Myeong-Heum Yeoun) 한국디자인학회 2010 한국디자인학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.10

Drivers normally operate an in-vehicle navigation system with their one hand or even one fingertip. When they type a korean word, they should use a korean virtual keyboard. There're several virtual korean keyboard systems, such as Qwerty, Alphabetic, Narat-gul and Chun-ji-in-systems. An in-vehicle navigation should offer one of these system 0; sometimes several systems. In this study drivers were tested with 4 different types of korean input systems and through this test, the question, "Which virtual keyboard is the most effective and reliable to the drivers?", will be answered.

태권도장 수련생 관여도가 도장경영 활성화에 미치는 영향

정명수,이천인 朝鮮大學校 스포츠科學硏究所 2003 스포츠科學硏究 Vol.14 No.-

The result of research marketing satisfaction by element by the practice students was as following. First, in men case, as schooltime was prolonged, participation was rising. However, in women case, It was the reverse result. It meant realization about Taekwondo by men was higher than women's. Second, among the practice students, in elementary and high school's students case, schooltime was long, participation rate was long, in middle school students case. It was the reverse result. Third, the most important thing for product satisfaction by practice students was facilities environment of Taekwondo. Fourth, in price satisfaction by the practice students case, most of students did not complain about equipment purchase. Also, satisfaction about price did not display big difference, because Price of all Taekwondo's registration fee was equal. Fifth, realization means of Taekwondo exerted the biggest effect on promotion satisfaction by the practice students. sixth, access easy exerted the biggest effect on place satisfaction by the practice students. It meant students chose near place for Taekwondo. Through marketing satisfaction by element by the practice students, hereafter, I wish to propose marketing operation for Taekwondo gymnasium. First, Taekwondo need to make a new program for women because, as women students' schooltime was long, participation rates was low. Also, It needs to develope the reasonable business management and programs for high participation rates. Second, because access easy was most important thing to registrate, Taekwondo Gymnasium has to preoccupy the best position. Also, It needs to develope the facilities service like vehicles running service

작곡가 안익태연구의 성과와 한계

전정임 민족음악학회 2000 음악과 민족 Vol.19 No.-

단상 다중 AC-DC Converter

전중함 대구보건대학 1999 대구보건대학 論文集 Vol.19 No.-

Single-phase multi-level AC-DC converter that is composed of diode bridge and switch is proposed. The number of the supply current level is depending on the individual current level of the converter. A converter circuit, the number of the level is equal to 2^(M+1)-1, where M is the number of Switching Converter. The proposed circuit has converter with 31 current levels. When the number of current level is increased, smoother sinusoidal waveform can be obtained directly and it is possible to control the supply current almost continuously from zero to maximum without generating high voltage step changes as pulse with modulation technology. The technique illustrates its validity and effectiveness through the PSIM.

敎育課程 類型의 變遷과 展望에 관한 硏究

丁天柱 기전여자대학 1991 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

After the World War Ⅱ, with the development of modern science and technics, the devaluation of human beings is one of the most serious problems which modern society meets. Nowadays, as the tendency of dehumanization has turned serious, man has relatively been trying to overcome this critical situation. But the trying does not come up to some extents enough to be satisfied. Modern education has confronted a difficult situation. Therefore, it can be said that modern education has been effected under the dehumanized circumstances. Education originally purposes to shape human being who can make himself self-realization through promoting planned changes. But, these davs, school education tends to produce a standardized and flat human by rapid increase of population, too much knowledge and flood of intelligence. Now, it is the time that a complete education for man, humanization of education, should be required. In order to realize this requirement, we need to make a establishment of correct educational value and a curriculum that can make the most effect of the value. Because a good curriculum can make come true the educational value and show the way how can man live a true liberty. Curriculum, what is called the main part of school education, deals with the contents, purposes and the methods of education. And it has been differentiated according to the change of times and is products which each period needs and requires. From the reason modern education seems to fail, we can educe some problems which modern curriculum contains, especially its contents, aims and methods. This thesis aims at researching the changes of curriculum, analizing some problems, studying the backgound and charateristics of the curriculum centering on humanization which is being interested, and investigating a future view of the types of curriculum.

M. Oakeshott의 도덕교육론

천정미,이영희 교육철학회 2003 교육사 교육철학 Vol.29 No.-

In this study based on Oakeshott's moral education, the importance of habit in moral education is worded. He classified morality into two categories: One is the reflective application of a moral criterion, and the other is a habit of affection and behavior. The former can explain the justification of moral behavior. Bur it has some serious problems in practicing, and is learned by compulsion. On the other hand, the latter can be performed in a given situation without moral knowledge, and can be naturally learned like acquiring native languages while living in a given society. But It can't explain the justification of moral behavior. There problems above made Oakeshortt propose 'mixed morality.' In the mixed morality, a habit of affection and behavior should be more highlighted than the reflective application of moral criterion is highlighted too much. When two kinds of morality are mixed based on a habit of affection and behavior, practicing moral behavior will be more valuable in moral education. Now, our moral education should be changed into the mixed morality to highlight the habit of affection and behavior. To establish this aim, a new methodology of moral education should be continuously developed to harmonize rational thinking with good habit appropriately.

태권도장 운영 실태를 통한 발전 방향

정명수,이천인 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.4

The result of this research which has conducted over coaches, trainers, and parents to advance Taekwondo education through learning the management of training institutions was as following. First, the great percentage of people interested in Taekwondo training was younger generations. Second, gymnasium's location and signboards were very important to publicize. Third, the reasons to train Taekwondo were to protect themselves and to change their personality. Fourth, the reason to decide Taekwondo was because of children's parent. Fifth, education present condition of Taekwondo's problem were lack of the monograph possessions and VTR data. Sixth, Taekwondo education needs to educate the Taekwondo comprehensively like theory of Taekwondo. Seventh, Taekwondo education needs to grope some prevention systems of Taekwondo education. Eighth, Taekwondo gymnasiums need to raise facilities satisfaction to compete. After understanding the problems of Taekwondo training, one which nay help. First, the city and the state government must operate classes for Taekwondo coaches such as course for elementary physical education, old age, respiration of dan-qian, qi-gong, and Taekwondo gymnastics. Second. Taekwondo needs some precede new programs for being contact from children and toddlers to adult. Third, Taekwondo gymnasiums has to improve facilities for satisfaction.

과학 행사가 초등학생의 과학적 태도와 과학 탐구능력에 미치는 영향

정춘환,김효남 한국교원대학교 과학교육연구소 2003 청람과학교육연구논총 Vol.13 No.1

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the various science events in the elementary school on the scientific attitude and scientific inquiry ability of the students and to suggest the future way of school science events. The survey for this study was accomplished with 209 students in the 5th and 6th graders of an elementary school located in small town. The results of this study is as follows: 1) The scientific attitude of boys was higher than of girls. 2) In comparing before and after participating school science events, the scientific attitude was changed a little, but the scientific inquiry ability was changed a lot. 3) Students who attended less than three science events had showed no improvement in scientific attitude and scientific inquiry ability. But students who attended more than seven science events had showed statistically meaningful improvement in scientific attitude and scientific inquiry ability.

Ku-Band 위상고정 루프 발진기에 관한 연구

鄭天錫 울산대학교 1995 공학연구논문집 Vol.26 No.1

본 연구에서는 VCDRO를 사용한 고안정 저잡음 Ku-Band PLL 발진기를 설계하였다. 크리스탈 발진기를 사용함으로써 얻어지는 안정된 약 83MHz의 기준 주파수를 합성하기 위하여 PLL회로의 설계과정 및 동작특성을 제어이론을 바탕으로 해석하였다. Ku-Band PLL 발진기의 위상잡음은 위상고정 귀환루프의 안정화로 30dB이상 개선되었다. In this paper, a highly stable low noise Ku-Band PLL Oscillator using the VCDRO(Voltage Controlled Dielectric Resonator Oscillator) was designed. Design procedure and operation characteristics of PLL circuit were analyzed on the basis of control theory to synthesize the reference frequency about 83MHz frequency which should be stable by using crystal oscillator. The Phase noise of the Ku-band PLL VCDRO was improved 30dB by the stabilization of the PLL feed back loop.