Paricalcitol attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and apoptosis in proximal tubular cells through the prostaglandin E₂ receptor EP4

( Yu Ah Hong ),( Keum Jin Yang ),( So Young Jung ),( Yoon Kyung Chang ),( Cheol Whee Park ),( Chul Woo Yang ),( Suk Young Kim ),( Hyeon Seok Hwang ) 대한신장학회 2017 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.36 No.2

Background: Vitamin D is considered to exert a protective effect on various renal diseases but its underlying molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. This study aimed to determine whether paricalcitol attenuates inflammation and apoptosis during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced renal proximal tubular cell injury through the prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) receptor EP4. Methods: Human renal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells were pretreated with paricalcitol (2 ng/mL) for 1 hour and exposed to LPS (1 μg/mL). The effects of paricalcitol pretreatment in relation to an EP4 blockade using AH-23848 or EP4 small interfering RNA (siRNA) were investigated. Results: The expression of cyclooxygenase-2, PGE₂, and EP4 were significantly increased in LPS-exposed HK-2 cells treated with paricalcitol compared with cells exposed to LPS only. Paricalcitol prevented cell death induced by LPS exposure, and the cotreatment of AH-23848 or EP4 siRNA offset these cell-protective effects. The phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65 nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) were decreased and the phosphorylation of Akt was increased in LPS-exposed cells with paricalcitol treatment. AH-23848 or EP4 siRNA inhibited the suppressive effects of paricalcitol on p65 NF-κB nuclear translocation and the activation of Akt. The production of proinflammatory cytokines and the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling-positive cells were attenuated by paricalcitol in LPS exposed HK-2 cells. The cotreatment with an EP4 antagonist abolished these anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects. Conclusion: EP4 plays a pivotal role in anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects through Akt and NF-κB signaling after paricalcitol pretreatment in LPS-induced renal proximal tubule cell injury.

한국비서자격시험의 개선점과 비교연구

남자현,이미정,이미영,이아영,정해금,최유정,이미숙,전인선,정혜림 이화여자대학교 법정대학 비서학과 1997 비서학연구 Vol.- No.17

물건 들기 시 허리벨트 착용에 따른 하지와 허리의 근활성도 및 각도 비교

김민희,이정아,정도영,정민예 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the electromyographic activities of the erector spinae muscle of the back and the rectus femoris muscle of the thigh, and to measure the angles of the spinal and knee flexions in order to determine the effect of wearing a back belt. Methods: Fifteen healthy males participated in the study. Surface electromyography was used to measure the level of muscle activities at the two muscle groups. The Simi system, utilizing two-dimensional analysis of movement, was used to examine the range of motion of the back and low extremity. Results: Firstly, the angle of the spinal flexion was significantly less in the back-belt-wearing group than in the control, and that of the knee flexion was significantly increased in the back-belt-wearing group. Secondly, there was no significant change in the electromyographic signals of the erector spinae muscle of the back and the rectus femoris muscle of the thigh. Conclusions: The use of back belts helps workers to correct their posture when lifting boxes. It can therefore protect workers from acute back injuries.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

In vivo study for the hemostatic efficacy and foreign body reaction of a new powder-type polysaccharide hemostatic agent

Yoonhyeong Byun,Eun Jin Kim,Areum Lee,Young-Ah Suh,Hee Ju Sohn,Jung Min Lee,Jae Seung Kang,Yoo Jin Choi,Youngmin Han,Hongbeom Kim,Wooil Kwon,Jin-Young Jang 대한외과학회 2022 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.102 No.2

Purpose: Various hemostatic agents have been introduced in therapy as postoperative bleeding is a poor prognostic factor for postoperative outcomes. These products can be divided into those that directly promote the hemostatic cascade and those that physically form a barrier by absorbing blood. The latter, powder-type hemostatic agents have the advantages of being inexpensive and more absorbable with less foreign body reactions (FBRs) and are applicable to a relatively wide area. This study was conducted to verify the safety and efficacy of a newly invented polysaccharide product (OOZFIX, Theracion Biomedical), which improves blood absorption and hemostatic effects. Methods: Two separate animal experiments were performed. The first evaluated FBRs histologically at 3 days, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks, after implantation of OOZFIX in rats, and the second compared hemostatic performance of OOZFIX and Arista AH (Bard) in the porcine liver punch biopsy model. Results: We found minimal FBRs in the 3-day group and no reactions in both the 2-week and 4-week groups after implantation of hemostatic agents. The time to hemostasis of OOZFIX was not significantly different from that of Arista AH (median [interquartile range]: 9 [6–10] minutes vs. 8 [6–10] minutes, respectively; P = 0.522). When comparing the serial bleeding grade tendency, there was no statistical difference between OOZFIX and Arista AH (P = 0.656). Conclusion: OOZFIX caused a minimal FBR that disappeared within 2 weeks in vivo, and its hemostatic performance was comparable with that of an existing agent, Arista AH. Further clinical studies are required in the future.

Helicobacter pyloir 양성 소화성 궤양에서 lansoprazole 포함 삼제요법의 제균율 및 제균판정에 있어서 요소호기검사의 유용성

정혜경,곽재진,유민아,배기선,권정미,이종수,김도영,문일환 대한감염학회 2003 감염과 화학요법 Vol.35 No.3

목적 : 본 연구는 Helicobacter pylori (이하 H. polyri) 양성인 소화성 궤양 환자에서 lansoprazole 포함 삼제요법의 제균율을 알아보고, 제균 치료 후 제균 판정에 있어서 요소 호기 검사(Urea breath test, 이하 UBT) 및 신속요소분해(rapid urease test, 이하 RUT test)와의 일치율에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 상부위장관내시경 검사에서 H. polyri 양성인 소화성 궤양환자에서 lansoprazole 60㎎+amoxicillin 2g+clarithromycin 1g의 약제를 2회 분복하여 1주간 복용하는 삼제요법을 실시하였다. 최소 4주후 추적 상부위장관내시경을 실시하였고, 전정부와 체부에서 각각 RUT를 실시하였으며 UBT(5분, 20분)를 시행하였다. 결과 : 대상환자는 총 46명으로 남자 34명(48±13세), 여자 12명(53±14세)이었다. LAC 삼제요법의 제균율은 40/46명(87.0%)이었고, 궤양의 치유율도 42/46명(91.3%)이었다. RUT와 20분 UBT 결과가 모두 음성이었던 경우는 41예, 모두 양성이었던 경우는 4예로 RUT와 UBT는 97.8% (45/46)의 일치율을 보였고, 1예는 UBT는 음성이었으나 체부에서 시행한 RUT가 양성이었다. 5분 UBT 검사가 양성이었던 예는 14/34 (41.2%) 이었고, 이 14예 중 12예(85.7%)는 20분 UBT 검사 음성, RUT 음성이었다. 결론 : Lansoprazole과 amoxicillin, clarithromycin 1주일 병합요법은 H. polyri 양성인 소화성 궤양 환자에서 87.0%의 제균율을 나타내어 우수한 효과를 보였고, 요소호기검사는 제균 치료 후 제균 판정에 유용한 비침습적인 방법임을 확인할 수 있었다. Background : There are only a few studies on Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) for its eradication rates of lansoprazole-based triple therapy in Korea, and the results are controversial. Therefore, we undertook to investigate the eradication rate of lansoprazole-based triple therapy, and compare the concordance rate of urea breath test (UBT) and rapid urease test (RUT) in evaluating H. pylori eradication. Methods : Patients with acute peptic ulcer who were H. pylori-positive were recruited by prospective, consecutive manner. They received lansoprazole 30 ㎎ b.d., amoxicillin 1 g b.d. and clarithromycin 500 ㎎ b.d. for 1 week. Upper endoscopy was performed after 4 weeks to check for ulcer healing, and UBT and RUT were performed to evaluate H. pylori eradication status. Results : A total of 46 patients were recruited, and they were all compliant. H. pylori eradication rate was 87.0% (40/46) and ulcer healing rate was 91.3% (42/46). Forty one patients showed negative in both UBT and RUT, and 4 patients revealed positive in both tests, therefore, the concordance rate of UBT and RUT was 97.8% (45/46). Conclusion : Our study showed that 1-week lansoprazole-based triple therapy was effective in H. pylori eradication and ulcer healing. UBT can be an effective, noninvasive method for evaluating H. pylori status after H. pylori eradication.

건축설계과정에서 나타나는 협업프로세스에 관한 연구 : 파빌리온 설계사례를 중심으로

김정훈,김소희,임병민,김진아,송정화,오건수 남서울대학교 2007 남서울대학교 논문집 Vol.13 No.4

This study aims to deduce the effective collaborative process of architectural design process based on the specific pavilion design case. The study schematizes the collaborative procedure which is generated at the early stage of design process, analyzes the decision support system and suggests the method for reaching a compromise.Finally, this study suggested collaborative process method of architectural design and provided the basic concept that can be used for the similar projects. Keywords : Collaborative Design, Design Process

법률구조활동과 여성변호사의 역할

천정아 이화여자대학교 젠더법학연구소 2014 이화젠더법학 Vol.6 No.2

국가 차원의 복지서비스가 발전하면서 법률구조 시장도 양적으로 증대하였다. 여기에 로스쿨 도입 이후 청년변호사의 대량 유입으로 법률구조 시장은 질적으로도 전문화, 세분화 되고 있다. 그러나 여전히 많은 사람들이 법률구조제도의 내용이나 구조 대상 및 방법 등을 잘 모르고 있으며, 심지어 법조인 중에도 법률구조의 절차나 관련기관 등을 알지 못하는 경우가 많다. 이에 필자는 법률구조활동을 꾸준히 해온 변호사로서, 법률구조의 개념과 역사, 외국의 법률구조 제도, 우리나라의 법률구조 수행기관과 각 기관별 법률구조 대상 및 절차 등을 상세하게 안내하고자 한다. 특히, 우리나라의 법률구조 수행기관 중, 법률구조 사업을 하는 대표적인 공공기관인 대한법률구조공단과, 민간기관이기는 하나 가장 오랜 기간 동안 법률구조의 선구적인 역할을 해 온 한국가정법률상담소, 역사는 짧지만 대한변호사협회의 주도로 설립되어 그 의미가 있는 대한변협법률구조재단 및 법률구조 중에서도 필자의 전문분야인 성폭력피해자 지원 사업만을 담당하는 한국성폭력위기센터에 관하여 상세히 서술하였다. 또한 현재까지 법률구조 시장은 상대적으로 남성변호사에 비하여 여성변호사의 활동 비중이 많은 점을 고려하여, 법률구조활동에 있어서 여성변호사의 역할도 살펴보았다. Recently, the legal aid market has not only expanded quantitatively as the governmental welfare services have been developed but also become specialized and fragmented qualitatively as there have emerged a large number of young attorneys since the law school system was introduced. Nevertheless, many people still do not know the legal aid system, its eligibility and process, etc. In many cases, even those in the legal profession do not know legal aid procedures or relevant institutions. Thus, being an attorney who has been steadily involved in legal aid services, the author introduces the concept and history of legal aid, foreign legal aid systems, Korean legal aid institutions, eligibility and procedures of legal aid for each of such institutions, etc. In particular, among the legal aid institutions in Korea, Korea Legal Aid Corporation (the major public institution for legal aid), Korea Legal Aid Center for Family Relations (the oldest institution, although private, which has played its role as a pioneer in legal aid), KBA Legal Aid Foundation (an institution having its meaning in being initiated by the Korean Bar Association, although it has a short history) and Korea Rape Crisis Center (an institution being in charge of, among legal aid services, only the support for victims of sexual violence, which is the author’s area of expertise) are described in details. Further, in light of a greater weight given to female attorneys compared to male attorneys for the involvement in the legal aid market so far, the roles of female attorneys in legal aid services are also discussed.

家兎眼의 색소상피세포에 존재하는 Cathepsin D의 정제 및 활성에 미치는 인자들에 관한 연구

류정아,석귀덕 대구효성가톨릭대학교 응용과학연구소 1995 응용과학연구논문집 Vol.4 No.-

백색 뉴질랜드계 가도의 망막색소상피세포로부터 lysosomal fraction을 얻어 산 철, 염석, gel filtration chromatography와 ion exchange chromatography의 정제조작을 거쳐 Cathepsin D를 정제하고, 효소반응의 특성을 밝혔다. 최종적으로 얻은 효소액은 crude extract에 비해 정제율 83.1배,회수률 16.4%였다. SDS-PAGE와 densitometry실시 결과 분자량 50,000부위에서 순수하게 정제되었음을 확인하였다. 효소반응의 온도에 대한 영향은 48℃에서 최고활성을 나타내었고, 온도가 상승함에 따라 점차 감소하여 72℃에서 30분간 반응시켰을 때 활성이 완전히 소실하였다. 기질로는 bovin hemoglobin의 반응성이 가장 컸으며, bovin albumin,human albumin순으로 효소활성치가 감소하였다.각각의 기질농도를 5%까지 증가시켰을 때 그 효소활성치가 점차 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. FeCl_3, HgCl_2과 같은 금속이온에 의해 효소활성이 어느 정도 저해되었으나, EDTA, dithiothreitol과 sulfonylhydroxymethylbenzoate에 의해서는 영향을 거의 받지 않았다. urea는 6M농도에서 75%의 저해를 나타내었고, retinol palmitate도 강력한 저해작용을 나타내었다. pepstatin은 19mM농도에서 효소활성을 완전히 소실시켰다. Thiol reagent인 cystein, ascorbic acid와 2-mercaptoethanol은 activator로 작용하여 이미 보고된 다른 Cathepsin D와 차이점을 나타내었다. Cathepsin D(EC 3.4.23.5), one of the important lysosomal acid proteases, was purified from retinal pigment epithelium of rabbit eyes by precipitation at pH3.5 and ammonium sulfate fractionation. Then chromatographies were performed on Sephadex G-100 and DEAE0cellulose. A purification of 83.1 fold over the crude extract was achieved and the yield was 16.4%. The purified enzyme showed a single protein band corresponding to molecular weight of about 50,000 in SDS-PAGE. The hydrolysis of bovine hemoglobin by Cathepsin D was much higher than that of bovine albumin and human albumin. The op-timum temperature of Cathepsin D activity was 48℃ and the enzyme activity was lost at 72℃. Cathepsin D was inhibited by FeCl_3, HgCl_2, retinol palmitate and pepstatin whereas 2-mercaptoethanol, ascorbic acid and cystein showed activation effect to Cathepsin D.

한국인에서 구강상피세포를 이용한 발암물질 대사효소의 유전자 다형성에 관한 연구

최민아,박해준,정원윤,이재원,이정복,박광균 대한암예방학회 2002 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.7 No.3