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Food loss rate in food supply chain using material flow analysis
Ju, M.,Osako, M.,Harashina, S. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2017 Waste management Vol.61 No.-
<P>The food loss rate is a factor that represents food consumption efficiency. To improve food consumption efficiency, we need to fundamentally quantify food loss at national and global levels. This study examines food and food waste flow and calculates the food loss rate in the food supply chain by targeting Japan. We analyzed inedible food waste and avoidable food losses in wholesale, manufacturing, retail, food services, and households and considered different supply chain pathways, different food categories representing whole Japanese meals, and weight changes after cooking. The results are as follows: (1) Japan has an overall rate of avoidable food losses of approximately 15% for meals (excluding agricultural losses), (2) the supply sector with the highest food loss rate is food services, and (3) the food category with the highest food loss rate is vegetables. Finally, we proposed a model for calculating food loss rates that could be used for future analysis in Japan or other countries. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>
Solid recovery rate of food waste recycling in South Korea
Ju, M.,Bae, S. J.,Kim, J. Y.,Lee, D. H. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 JOURNAL OF MATERIAL CYCLES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT Vol.18 No.3
<P>Source-separated collection system of household food waste has been implemented national wide in South Korea. Food waste recycling rate that means conversion rate to recycle is over 90 % in present. However, over the value of 90 %, we need to enhance the efficiency of food waste recycling process. We analyzed material flow of 24 food waste recycling facilities and calculated solid recovery rate to key-process. We found that 3-13 % of the solids from food waste outflows with foreign materials and 27-33 % of the solids outflow with wastewater. As a result, solid recovery rates are 65.3, 60.9, and 56.3 % in wet feed facility, dry feed facility, and composting facility, respectively. Alternative ways to recovery solid from wastewater or collection tools to exclude plastic bags, salt, and moisture content are required to make food waste recycling more efficient.</P>
들깨 종자 코팅의 폴리머 및 고형물질이 발아력에 미치는 영향
강점순,손병구,최영환,안종길 밀양대학교 농업기술개발연구소 2000 農業技術開發硏究所報 Vol.4 No.1
The purpose of seed coating is to make seedling mechanization possible by enlarging the seed size. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum of polymer and particulate matters for seed coating in perilla. There were significant differences of percent germination and germination speed in accordance with the coating polymer and the concentration. Among the coating polymer, germination of seeds using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was generally smooth, and followed by polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), and methyl cellulose (MC). The germination rate was also different according to the coating particulate matters. Generally, percentage germination and germination speed of seeds using the mixture of diatomaceous earth, talc and bentonite were higher and faster than using other coating materials, respectively. However, percentage germination using limestone was low, and percent germination of coated seeds with coating material showed the tendency of decreasing more than that of the seeds just added with coating particulate matters.
吳占良 부산대학교 학생생활연구소 1969 硏究報 Vol.6 No.1
This paper attempts to know the problems of reading of our university students with the question papers itemized eighteen. 1. Many students have a tendancy not to read asa valuable sphere of student life. 2. Student habit of reading do not form well and it appears mostly not to be adapted student life. 3. They will do not use the reading materials and facilities of library etc. some of them do not know to use them. 4. It is because that they missed the oppertunities to read other books in addition to their text-books before the enterance into the college, and neglected to read the books of some factors of the university systems and method of the lectures. 5. It is in need of forming many opportunities of stimulating to read in the general culture course. 6. The educational environments of schol and social relationship among students and teach ers, the syntality of campus is one of important incentives to lead students to reading. Reading materials, facilities and adequate program for reading should be prepared enough. 7. We should be stimulated for reading through the reading club etc.in guidancing the extracurriculum lectures, too.
就學前 敎育이 國民學校의 低學年 兒童發達에 미치는 敎育的 影響
吳占良 釜山大學校 師範大學 1980 교사교육연구 Vol.7 No.1
The development of education for preschool-age children has been recognized as one of the major objectives in Korea. As compring with many other countries, the percentage of Korean children in kindergarten is very low (7.2%). One reason for the low kindergarten enrollment rate may be due to the fact that Korean parents do not recognize that pre-school education is an essential part of the personality and intellectual development of early childhood. Accordingly, a research data of the effects of kindergarten education on the low grade children of primary school will be a useful information for any pre-school education policymaking. To attain the objective of this study, a 30-item questionaires were made by the researcher which was administerated to 316 teachers sampled 16 primary schools located in Busan area. The result of the study can be summarized as follow: 1. In general, the kindergarten education had high positive effects on the developmental characteristics of the low class primary children. Mere specifically, the kindergarten education had higher effects on the intellectual activities and the personality characteristics such asespirit, sociability, independency, learning activities, artistic-physical activities than those on the life attitude which included respect for law, cooperation, responsibility, diligence etc. 2. Concerning to the grade difference, there was no significant difference of the effects between the 1st grade children and the 2nd grade children in terms of the total effects. It is noticeable, however, that the cognitive effect on the 1st grade children was much larger than that on the 2nd grade children. 3. Concerning the school location difference, there was no significance difference of the effects between the urban-centered school and the surburban school. 4. The teachers of the primary schools of this study had very positive opinion toward the importance and necessity of kindergarten education ; but they felt that the educational content and practice should be improved.