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EDUCATION, HEALTH AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN AFRICAN COUNTRIES
JUDE EGGOH,HILAIRE HOUENINVO,GILLES-ARMAND SOSSOU 중앙대학교 경제연구소 2015 Journal of Economic Development Vol.40 No.1
This paper provides new empirical evidence concerning the relationship between human capital (measured by education and health related variables) and economic growth for a large sample of 49 African countries over the period from 1996 to 2010. Using traditional cross-section and dynamic panel techniques, we find that public expenditures on education and health have a negative impact on economic growth, whereas human capital stock indicators have a slight positive effect. Furthermore, our empirical investigations suggest that education and health spending are complementary. Then, public investment in education and health should be jointly increased and their efficiency in order to expect positive impact of human capital on growth in African countries.
Jude Lal Fernando 서울대학교 통일평화연구원 2015 Asian Journal of Peacebuilding Vol.3 No.2
This article examines the impact of a natural disaster on the political dynamics of an ethno-nationalist conflict. The humanitarian space generated by the 2004 tsunami could have revived the peace process between the Sri Lankan state and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), as evidenced by the joint mechanism that was formed for rehabilitation and reconstruction. However, the impact of the tsunami carried a potential for both peacebuilding and escalation of the conflict. The growing securitization of South Asia, led by the United States, upheld a militaristic approach and strengthened the Sri Lankan state against the LTTE. The militaristic approach to the decades-long conflict was advanced and eventually resulted in a massive war which claimed thousands of lives. The tsunami was a missed political opportunity.
Inflation Effects on Finance-Growth Link: A Panel Smooth Threshold Approach
Jude Eggoh 한국국제경제학회 2012 International Economic Journal Vol.26 No.4
This paper proposes an original framework to examine whether the strength of the relationship between financial development and economic growth, widely documented in the recent empirical literature, varies with the inflation rate. Using a Panel Smooth Threshold Regression for 71 developed and developing countries over the period 1960–2004, we find a non-linear link between financial development and economic growth: three equilibriums are identified with inflation rate. Then, there is an inflation threshold, for which finance ceases to increase economic growth. Our results suggest that for an inflation rate higher than 20%, economic growth is not, or is negatively, affected by financial development, whereas the impact of finance on growth is positive and significant for an inflation level below 10%.
Jude Ogechukwu Okoye,Chukwudi Amaechi Ofodile,Oluwaseun Kelechi Adeleke,Okechi Obioma 한국역학회 2021 Epidemiology and Health Vol.43 No.-
OBJECTIVES: This review assessed the rate of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among women living in sub-Saharan Africa. It also determined the prevalence of high-risk HPV (hrHPV) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive (HIV+) and seronegative (HIV-) women in sub-Saharan Africa, pre-2010 and post-2010. METHODS: In this systematic review, Google Scholar, PubMed Central, and Embase were searched to identify cohort and case-control studies that investigated the relationship between HIV and HPV infection. The database searches yielded 17 studies published between 1999 and 2018. RESULTS: In the general population, the prevalence of any HPV/multiple HPV infections was higher among HIV+ (53.6/22.6%) than among HIV- women (26.5/7.3%) with odds ratios of 3.22 and 3.71, respectively (95% confidence interval, 3.00 to 3.42 and 2.39 to 5.75, p<0.001). The prevalent HPV genotypes among HIV+ and HIV- women diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer (ICC) were HPV-16/18 and HPV-45. The prevalence of HPV-16, HPV-18, and HPV-45 was lower in 1999-2010 (3.8, 1.7, and 0.8%, respectively) than in 2011-2018 (19.1, 6.0, and 3.6%, respectively). Among women diagnosed with ICC, HIV+ women had a higher prevalence of HPV-56, HPV-31, and HPV-51 (7.3, 5.3, and 3.3%, respectively) than HIV- women (1.3, 2.2, and 0.4%, p<0.001, p=0.050, and p=0.013, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of HPV infection, multiple HPV infections, and non-vaccine HPV types were higher among HIV+ women than among HIV- women in sub-Saharan Africa. Although HIV infection influences the distribution of HPV types, this study suggests that cervical cancer incidence in sub-Saharan Africa is primarily driven by the prevalence of vaccine hrHPVs, especially HPV-16 and HPV-18.
Managing Multicultural Diversities in Nigeria: What Role for the Mass Media?
Jude Terna Kur,Fabian Ikechukwu Agudosy,John Aigbovbioise Orhewere 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 2015 OMNES: The Journal of Multicultural Society Vol.5 No.2
Nigeria, a country with about 150 million people, is a multicultural society along geographical, religious, ethnic, and political ideological identities. These multicultural diversities have played out to create an unfortunate situation of hatred, distrust, cut-throat rivalry, animosity, intolerance, and violent conflicts among the diverse groups. These challenges are gradually destroying the cherished values of peace and unity upon which the corporate existence of Nigeria rests. Thus, the country is gradually heading towards state fragility and disintegration. This calls for serious efforts at addressing the challenges posed by multicultural diversities in Nigeria. The mass media are an important social institution in these efforts, if properly utilized. This paper, a prescriptive discourse, examines ideal roles for the mass media in facilitating a harmonious relationship among the diverse cultural groups. The prescriptive discourse focuses on the exigencies of peace journalism; community broadcasting; training and re-training of media workers in peace/conflict, multicultural, ethical, and moral issues; and the institutionalization of a democratic and participatory system of communication. To complement these strategies, the paper advocates for a radical reconstruction of the entire Nigerian society to address the hydra-headed challenges of corruption, poverty, weak institutions, and lost moral and cultural values.