Hay' problemas

Jose‘ Mari‘a Areta Ayuso 한국스페인어문학회 2004 스페인어문학 Vol.0 No.33

Estudiamos en este trabajo la sintaxix del verbo haber como existencial. Para ello, nos basamos tanto en los ejemplos en los que este verbo concuerda con su complemento nominal como en los que no existe tal concordanci´a (los normativos). Discutimos la hipo´tesis de que este verbo sea un verbo inacusativo y la rechazamos segu´n criterios sinta´cticos como la posicio´n del argumento. Planteamos despune´s la hipo´tesis de que este verbo impersonal existencial en realidad proyecta dos argumentos, uno LOCATIVO y otro nominal. Aunque ha habido autores que han defendido el CASO PARTITIVO para este complemento, nosotros creemos que es ACUSATIVO, incluso en las ocasiones en que se produce su concordancia con el verbo, ya que se producen en espan~ol casos simiares, como con el verbo ser en oraciones como son las dos. Por u´ltimo, intentamos extender nuestra hipo´tesis a todos los verbos impersonales del espan~ol, y en esta clase incluimos dos subcategori´as, los impersonales le´xicos, como haber, estar, ser, existir, etc, y los impersinales sinta´cticos estructuras que se convierten en impersonales so´lo si aparece un argumento espacio-temporal. Aunque parece que no es necesario en todos los casos que el sintagma espacio-temporal este´ en una posicio´n argumental, si´ es necesario que estev presinte o, al menos, sea interpretable contextualmente.

Cytotoxicity Screening of Several Tomato Extracts

Jose´ Luis Guil-Guerrero,Rebeca Ramos-Bueno,Ignacio Rodríguez-García,Cristóbal López-Sánchez 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.1

The cytotoxic effects of extracts of the tomato variety “Racimo” have been evaluated through the use of the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay at several concentrations. Three extracts—ethanol–water, petroleum ether, and in vitro digested tomato—exhibited in vitro cytotoxicity against the proliferation of the cultured cancer cell line HT-29. The concentration that caused 50% inhibition of cancer cell growth occurred (GI50) of the different extracts for HT-29 cells was 62.5μg/mL for the petroleum ether extract and 87.0μg/mL for the digested tomato extract. For the ethanol–water extract, it was not possible to determine this parameter at the assayed extract concentrations. These results clearly indicate that after the digestion process, the less polar substances, such as carotenoids and sterols, are bioavailable as active species against cancer cells. The GI50 levels for tomato extracts are similar to those values reported for medicinal plants. The results of the MTT assay on nonmutagenic CCD-18 cells showed a lack of negative effect on cell growth, which indicates that tomato extracts act selectively on HT-29 tumor cells. ^1H-Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra confirmed the presence of known compounds with accepted cytotoxic activity against tumor lines (lycopene and β-carotene). The high cytotoxicity for HT-29 cells showed by the petroleum ether extract might be due to the simultaneous presence in the extract of both carotenoids and glyceryl esters of fatty acids. The results of this work clearly indicate the importance of carotenoid consumption on colon tumor proliferation and prevention, and also the importance of the dietary fats in carotenoid bioavailability.

Korea’s Candlelight Protests in Context: Evidence from the Asian Barometer Survey and Global Events Data

José Alemán 고려대학교 평화와 민주주의연구소 2019 평화연구 Vol.27 No.1

2016-2017 witnessed the Candlelight Revolution, a series of protests in which 16 million South Koreans peacefully and successfully demanded the end of Park Geun-hye’s presidency. This paper probes what this event says about the strength of South Korea’s democracy. Scholars have argued that popular mobilization is positively associated with commitment to and support for democracy in East Asia. Using survey and events data, I study the factors driving protest participation in Korea and compare the Candlelight Revolution to previous protest cycles there. I also compare protest and repression in South Korea to domestic conflict in other Third Wave democracies. My research yields two important findings: political protest has become both more routine and less violent in South Korea, and genuine concerns about the quality of democracy rather than dissatisfaction with the political system have driven citizens to partake in protests in recent years. These findings imply that the Candlelight Revolution, the most recent manifestation of popular contention in Korea, reflects and is concerned with the quality of the country’s democracy.

Exploring New Applications for Rhodiola rosea: Can We Improve the Quality of Life of Patients with Short-Term Hypothyroidism Induced by Hormone Withdrawal?

Jose´ M. Zubeldia,Hani A. Nabi,Miguel Jimenez del Rio,Jorge Genovese 한국식품영양과학회 2010 Journal of medicinal food Vol.13 No.6

Patients treated for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) are subjected to periodic surveillance that includes serum thyroglobulin measurements followed by radioiodine administrations for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes if necessary. Both procedures require adequately elevated blood levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which can be achieved by two approaches: parenteral administration of recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) or stopping thyroid hormone replacement until optimal levels of endogenous TSH are achieved. Although rhTSH administration does not require hormone withdrawal, it is not inexpensive and carries the risk of secondary effects. The latter option is simpler but induces a profound state of hypothyroidism, which results in physical and mental complaints that may interfere severely with the patient’s activities of daily living. Rhodiola rosea is a popular plant in traditional medical systems in Eastern Europe and Asia with a reputation for stimulating the nervous system, decreasing depression, enhancing work performance, and eliminating fatigue,all features of clinical hypothyroidism. Investigators have also suggested additional benefits such as cardioprotection or even tumor growth inhibition. Here, we propose R. rosea as a viable alternative treatment for the symptoms of short-term hypothyroidism in patients with DTC who require hormone withdrawal.

Los verbos ser y estar en la clase de E/LE

JOSE 한국스페인어문학회 2012 스페인어문학 Vol.0 No.63

Estos dos verbos son de los más evaluados en las pruebas de competencia del español como lengua extranjera (E/LE). El motivo parece obvio: el español es una de los pocos idiomas de amplia difusión con una distinción semejante y, a pesar de las dificultades que entraña para muchos alumnos de E/LE, los hispanohablantes no parecen mostrar divergencias considerables en los dialectos que componen su comunidad. En otras palabras, se asume que un error reiterado en la utilización de uno u otro verbo indica que el hablante no ha alcanzado un determinado nivel de competencia comunicativa, según la secuenciación del Plan Curricular del Instituto Cervantes. Este trabajo intenta ser una reflexión sobre este tema. Hemos dividido el artículo en 3 partes principales: en la primera sección, resumiremos la visión que se ha tenido de estas formas verbales en la tradición gramatical española y revisaremos conceptos como ‘permanente’ frente a ‘accidental’, ‘general’ frente a ‘particular’ o ‘delimitado’ frente a ‘no delimitado’. En la segunda sección, resumiremos la secuenciación que se hace en el Plan curricular de estos dos verbos (anexo 1) y analizaremos sus consecuencias basándonos en una encuesta (anexo 3) realizada a estudiantes de español en el nivel B2 o bien personas que han alcanzado ese nivel por otros medios (permanencia en el extranjero,por ejemplo). En la última sección, presentaremos nuestra propuesta, en la línea de los estudios sobre el aspecto léxico.

Management of esophageal neoplasms by endoscopic submucosal dissection: experience over 100 consecutive procedures

Josué Aliaga Ramos,Yoshinori Morita,Takashi Toyonaga,Danilo Carvalho,Moises Salgado Pedrosa,Vitor N. Arantes 대한소화기내시경학회 2023 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.56 No.5

Background/Aims: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is currently considered the first-line treatment for the eradication of superficialneoplasms of the esophagus in Eastern countries. However, in the West, particularly in Latin America, the experience withesophageal ESD is still limited because of the high technical complexity required for its execution. This study aimed to present the resultsof the clinical application of ESD to manage superficial esophageal neoplasms in a Latin American center in over 100 consecutivecases. Methods: This retrospective study included consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic ESD for superficial esophageal neoplasmsbetween 2009 and 2022. The following clinical outcomes were assessed: en bloc, complete, and curative resection rates, local recurrence,adverse events, and procedure-related mortality. Results: Esophageal ESD was performed mainly for squamous cell carcinoma (66.6%), high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (17.1%),and adenocarcinoma (11.4%). En bloc and complete resection rates were 96.2% and 81.0%, respectively. The curative resection rate was64.8%. Adverse events occurred in six cases (5.7%). Endoscopic follow-up was performed for an average period of 29.7 months. Conclusions: ESD performed by trained operators is feasible, safe, and clinically effective for managing superficial neoplastic lesions ofthe esophagus in Latin America.

Clomipramine block of the hERG K⁺ channel: Accessibility to F656 and Y652

Jo, S.H.,Hong, H.K.,Chong, S.H.,Won, K.H.,Jung, S.J.,Choe, H. North-Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2008 european journal of pharmacology Vol.592 No.1

Clomipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant for psychiatric disorders that can induce QT prolongation, which may lead to torsades de pointes. Since blockade of cardiac human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) channels is an important cause of acquired long QT syndrome, we investigated the acute effects of clomipramine on hERG channels to determine the electrophysiological basis for its proarrhythmic potential. We examined the effects of clomipramine on the hERG channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes and HEK293 cells using two-microelectrode voltage-clamp and patch-clamp techniques. Clomipramine induced a concentration-dependent decrease in the current amplitude at the end of the voltage steps and hERG tail currents. The IC50 for clomipramine needed to block the hERG current in Xenopus oocytes decreased progressively relative to the degree of depolarization. The fractional electrical distance was estimated to be δ=0.83. The IC50 for the clomipramine-induced blockade of the hERG currents in HEK293 cells at 36 <SUP>o</SUP>C was 0.13 μM at +20 mV. Clomipramine affected the channels in the activated and inactivated states but not in the closed states. The clomipramine-induced blockade of hERG was found to be use-dependent, exhibiting a more rapid onset and a greater steady-state block at the higher frequencies of activation. The S6 domain mutations, Y652A and F656A partially attenuated (Y652A) or abolished (F656A) the hERG-current blockade. These results suggest that clomipramine is a blocker of the hERG channels, providing a molecular mechanism for the arrhythmogenic side effects during the clinical administration of clomipramine.

Viewing angle controllable liquid crystal display under optical compensation

Jo, S.I.,Lee, S.G.,Lee, Y.-J.,Kim, J.-H.,Yu, C.-J. SPIE - THE INT SOC FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2011 Optical engineering Vol.50 No.9

Odor characterization from barns and slurry treatment facilities at a commercial swine facility in South Korea

Jo, S.H.,Kim, K.H.,Jeon, B.H.,Lee, M.H.,Kim, Y.H.,Kim, B.W.,Cho, S.B.,Hwang, O.H.,Bhattacharya, S.S. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier [distribution] 2015 Atmospheric environment Vol.119 No.-

In this study, emission characteristics of major odorants in pig confinement facilities were investigated through comparative analysis between odorant composition and odor intensity. Odorant samples in ambient air were collected from five different paired sampling sites: (1) in- and outside of windowless pig barn, (2) in- and outside of open pig barn, (3) before/after slurry treatment (via liquid fertilization), (4) before/after composting, and (5) two reference background sites on a pig confinement facility. A total of 47 compounds consisting of key offensive odorants (such as reduced sulfur and volatile organic compounds) were measured from each selected site. When the results are compared in terms of odor intensity, a list of odorants (sulfur compounds, volatile fatty acids, phenols, and indoles) were generally seen at enhanced levels on most sites. In two types of pig barn facilities (windowless ('W') and open ('O')), butyric and valeric acid were the predominant species. The removal efficiency of odorants was quite different between the two slurry treatment approaches of composting and liquid fertilization. Although the efficiencies of odor removal in the former were not sufficient, that of the latter was fairly significant in terms of odor intensity. However, some odorants like hydrogen sulfide, methanethiol, p-cresol, and butyric acid were still retained above the odor threshold level. Accordingly, odorant emissions from animal housing facilities can be characterized most effectively by key odorants such as volatile fatty acids and reduced sulfur species.

Temporary Increase of PPAR-?쨀 and Transient Expression of UCP-1 in Stromal Vascular Fraction Isolated Human Adipocyte Derived Stem Cells During Adipogenesis

Jo, S. J.,Choi, W. W.,Lee, E. S.,Lee, J. Y.,Park, H. S.,Moon, D. W.,Eun, H. C.,Chung, J. H. Springer Science + Business Media 2011 Lipids Vol.46 No.6