A Comparative Study on the Quality of Life of the Elderly between Korea and Japan

Seop Joong Shin,Ki Tae Kim,Byung Hyun Park 한국노인복지학회 1999 International Journal of Welfare for the Aged Vol.1 No.-

한국의 백정과 일본의 피차별 부락민의 비교 연구

김중섭(Joong-Seop Kim) 한국인문사회과학회 2014 현상과 인식 Vol.38 No.1·2

이 논문은 한국과 일본의 전통 사회에서‘버림받은 집단’으로 인식된 백정과 부락민이 겪은 역사적, 사회적 과정을 비교 논의하고 있다. 이 두 집단은 국가를 비롯한 지배 집단과 일반 사람들에 의하여 공적 세계뿐만 아니라 일상생활이나 사회관계의 사적 세계에서 차별과 억압을 겪으며 살았다는 공통점을 갖고 있었다. 그러한 차별과 억압은 특히 조선시대와 덕천(도쿠가와) 막부시대의 신분제에서 제도적으로 더욱 강화되었다. 그들은 직업과 호칭을 통하여 다른 사람들과 구별되어‘별난’집단으로 인식되며, 사회적 차별과 억압, 격리 속에서 살았다. 떠돌이 빈민집단인 백정들은 천하고 반사회적인 잠재적 범죄 집단이라는 인식을 통하여, 또 천한 일들을 하는 부락민들은 부정(不淨) 관념에 근거하여 더럽다는 인식 아래 사회적 편견과 차별을 겪으며 버림받은 집단으로 굳어졌던 것이다. 19세기 말 조선의 신분제가 와해되고, 또 덕천 막부의 지배가 끝나면서 백정과 부락민의 신분해방이 이루어졌지만 차별은 사라지지 않았다. 20세기 초에 신분 차별 철폐를 위하여 형평사와 수평사가 결성되어 활동하였지만, 일제의 제2차 세계대전 도발 와중에 활동은 지속되지 못 하였다. 그리고 세계대전 이후 이 두 집단의 궤적은 크게 달랐다. 한국에서는 백정에 대한 차별이 사라지고, 그 존재를 찾을 수 없는 반면에, 일본에서는 여전히 부락민 차별이 큰 사회적 문제로 남아있다. 두 집단을 둘러싸고 있는 한국과 일본의 사회 환경에 따라 차이가 나타났던 것이다. This paper discusses in a comparative perspective social and historical processes of Korean paekjong and Japanese burakumin who were regarded as being outcast groups in their traditional society, respectively. Both groups had commonly suffered from discrimination and suppression in public and private spheres by other members of the society, especially by ruling groups. Such discrimination and suppression were institutionalized under hierarchical sinbun systems in Choson dynasty and Tokugawa period. They were identified as being inferior to others by their occupations and titles which contributed to reinforcing social discrimination. Paekjong’s status as poor wanderers led them to be regarded menial and even deviant in potential criminals. As for burakumin, they were regarded as filthy and impure people because of their ‘menial’ works. These social prejudices forced them to be outcast groups under the agony of social discrimination and suppression. In the late nineteenth century when the sinbun system of Choson society collapsed and the ruling system of Tokugawa period was terminated, both paekjong and burakumin were legally proclaimed free from the bondage of social agonies. However, social discrimination against these groups continued in practice afterwards. These situations contributed to establishing the Hyongpyongsa in Korea and the Suiheisha in Japan with the purpose of socially liberating paekjong and burakumin, respectively. Both organizations ended their activities in the last years of Japanese imperialism. After the World War II ended in 1945, the two groups showed different trajectories. Whereas Korea saw few traces of paekjong and social discrimination against them, conflicts and tensions that resulted from discrimination against burakumin have often occurred in contemporary Japan. These situations reflect the differences in social circumstances of Korea and Japan.

지역사회의 인권 발전과 조례 제정

김중섭(Joong-Seop Kim) 한국인문사회과학회 2007 현상과 인식 Vol.31 No.4

이 글은 지역공동체 차원에서 인권 보호와 증진을 위한 다각적인 방안 실천이 중요하다는 점을 강조하면서 그 방안으로서 법적 제도화인 인권조례 제정의 문제를 진주 지역을 중심으로 논의하고 있다. 인권 보호와 증진을 도모하는 조례는 특정 집단이나 쟁점을 대상으로 하는 ‘부문별 인권조례’와 구성원 전체를 대상으로 하는 ‘포괄적 인권조례’로 나누어지는데, 특히 후자는 지역공동체의 획기적인 인권 발전에 기여할 것으로 예측된다. 따라서 포괄적 인권 조례 제정이 요망된다고 진단하면서 인권조례 제정을 위한 준비 과정, 조례 내용, 제정 이후의 과제 등을 논의하고 있다. There are several ways to develop the implementation of human rights in local community. Among them, the establishment of legal system should be considered to protect members of local community against human rights violations and to implement human rights in everyday life. The human rights ordinances, either partially applied or comprehensively designed, are expected to introduce in the situation of emerging needs for improving human rights in practice. In Jinju City, there are few human rights ordinances to be implemented. In addition, there are some improper applications of human rights to the existing ordinances. Therefore, it is needed to review and revise them, especially in the standards of ‘human rights impact evaluation system.’ And the system should be applied to the ordinances and local government policies. And then, in this paper, some suggestion are made to establish the model of human rights ordinances for further human rights initiatives in the local communities.

Hypopharyngeal Lateral Outpouching by Modified Valsalva Maneuver in the Esophagogram

Sim, Joong Seop,Chung, Soo Kyo,Kim, Ki Tae,Park, Seog Hee,Cho, Dae Hyun,Bahk, Yong Whee CATHOLIC MEDICAL CENTER 1982 Bulletin of the Clinical Research Institute Vol.10 No.1

A prospective study has been carried out to establish incidence and morphological characteristics of hypopharyngeal outpouching. One hundred consecutive adult subjects of either sex having no known esophageal complaints or disease were studied by barium swallow with and without modified Valsalva maneuver over 6 months period from January 1982. Hypopharyngeal outpouching occurred bilaterally in every case with definite dominancy on the right side (p<0.001) and greater intensity in male (p<0.05) with a depth valiance from a few to 15 mm. Outpouching disappeared completely after release of Valsalva maneuver and seemed not to produce any clinical symptoms. Our study revealed that the hypopharyngeal outpouchings occur bilaterally in every cases studied and none of then complained any clinical symptom. There was no statistically significant difference according to the age. The lateral bulgings are severer in male and on the right side. The reason of right side dominance of the bulging is not immediately clear and in the object of further study.

[특집 : 교육] 한국 교육의 위기와 인권

김중섭(Joong-seop Kim) 한국인문사회과학회 2002 현상과 인식 Vol.25 No.4

There are numerous warning signals to bring about Korean education in crisis. This paper focuses on the roots of the crisis in human rights perspective. One of main purposes of education is universally accepted to improve human rights which are designed to realise human dignity and equality.<br/> However, Korean educational environments have, implicitly or explicitly, neglected human rights. There are numerous reports of violation of human rights in school and around. Those situations stem from Korean education which have been deteriorated in over-competition system and performance oriented education policy.<br/> As a result, public educational schools have lost privilege status over private educational institutions, and normative relations among teachers, students and parents have been broken down. In addition, there are poor performance of human rights education from family to schools and society in general. The neglect of human rights education is depriving any hope to escape from destruction of formal education system.<br/> Therefore, this paper argues that the urgent duty to save Korean education in crisis is to implement human rights in educational environments and to reinforce human rights education.

1920년대 형평 운동의 형성 과정 - 진주 지역을 중심으로 -

김중섭 (Joong Seop Kim) 연세대학교 국학연구원 1988 동방학지 Vol.59 No.-

N/A

조선시대 백정의 기원에 대한 역사사회학적 고찰

김중섭 ( Joong Seop Kim ) 연세대학교 국학연구원 2013 동방학지 Vol.164 No.-

This paper explores the origins of Choson period`s outcast, paekjong, who suffered from social discrimination and suppression. They were generally understood to migrate from the area in the northern China neighbouring Korean peninsula. However, their socio-historical background shows no clear ties that they migrated from northern China. Therefore, it needs to scrutinize the socio-historical process in which they were regarded as being migrants from northern China. Their ancestors are known as the outcast groups of yangsuchok, jaein, hwachok, wandering from one place to another producing willow-baskets and hunting animals. Their lifestyle and occupations lead to social prejudice and segregation in the society where majority of the population were farmers. Over time, this reinforced social prejudice against them as an alienated race or ethnic group in Choson society. Moreover, Annals of the Choson Dynasty began to depict them as racially different from others with the expressions on them such as ‘different species,’ ‘different races,’ and ‘peculiar groups.’ These social prejudices and perception against them contributed to labelling them as an migrant group from northern China. And these also brought about social discrimination and suppression against them in the Choson society.

초기 개선교 선교와 지역 공동체의 변화

김중섭 ( Joong-seop Kim ) 한국사회사학회 1997 사회와 역사 Vol.52 No.-

Christian mission which started in Korea in the late nineteenth century brought about enormous transformation of the Korean society in various levels. In dealing with the case of Chinju community from the early 1900s to the 1940s, this paper found the two main features of Christian activities: one was to contribute to the spread of modernity in working for the deprived such as children, women and paekjong under traditional customs, and patients with insufficient cure; the other to encourage the nationalist mood among Korean believers living in the local community, which was under Japanese colonialism. These contributions were supported by Christian evangelism which was sharply differentiated from the traditional way of life in Korean Confucianism. These characteristics of d1e early Christianity in Chinju were deteriorated by Japanese authorities in the Shinto Shrine controversy in the 1930s. As a result, the early trend of the Christian activities in Chinju disappeared in the later period of colonial rule

인권조례 제정의 의미와 법적 근거

김중섭(Joong-Seop Kim) 한국인문사회과학회 2009 현상과 인식 Vol.33 No.4

이 글의 목적은 진주시 사례를 중심으로 인권조례 제정의 의미와 법적 근거를 논의하는데 있다. 국제 사회나 국가 차원에서 인권 실행을 위한 지속적인 노력이 이루어지는 것에 비하여 일상생활의 현장인 지역 사회에서의 인권 보호와 증진 대책은 상대적으로 저조하다. 지방자치단체에서 인권전담기구를 두고 있지 않으며, 지역공동체에서의 인권 실행이 인권 발전의 핵심 과제라는 인식이 부족한 탓이기도 하다. 이런 점에서 지역공동체에서의 인권 발전을 위한 법제화인 인권조례 제정이 필요하다. 인권조례 제정을 통하여 지자체 단체장을 포함한 지역 사회 구성원들이 법률에서 정한 인권 보호와 증진 책무를 올바로 수행하도록 규정하며, 인권증진기구를 설치하는 것이 필요하다. 인권조례 제정의 근거는 헌법을 비롯한 여러 법률과 대법원 판례에서 찾을 수 있다. 또 지방자치단체가 주민들의 권익을 보호하여야 할 책무를 갖고 있다는 점에서 인권은 지방사무라는 것을 확인하였다. 이와 같은 법리적 근거에도 불구하고, 진주시 사례처럼 인권조례 제정이 순조롭지 않는 이유는 지방자치단체장이나 지방의원들이 인권이나 인권조례의 중요성을 이해하지 못하기 때문이다. 이를 극복하기 위해서는 인권조례 제정의 사회적 토대를 만드는 것이 중요하다. 지자체 단체장이나 지방의원들이 주민들의 안녕 복리를 위한 인권조례 제정의 취지를 이해하는 것이 중요하다. 특히, 주민들의 인권 의식을 높이며, 인권조례 제정에 관심과 참여가 필요하다. This paper attempts to find social significance of the human rights ordinance and its legal foundation, focusing on the case of Jinju city. While there are continued efforts to implement human rights at the international and national levels, it is relatively low understanding and less attentions on protection and promotion of human rights at the local community. There is not any institution with specialized purpose of human rights at local governments and there are fewer attempts to implement human rights and regard it for the initial goal of policy by local governments. Therefore, the enactment of human rights ordinance is essential for the development of human rights at the local community. There are several legal references of human rights ordinance, including national constitution and human rights laws. And there are also concrete legal descriptions in several laws to define human rights matters as being responsible to local governments. And if there is some dispute on the relevant reference for human rights ordinance, local councils have been empowered to enact human rights ordinances by the judicial precedents of Supreme Court. Regardless of legal foundation, there are some reasons why it is hardly to enact human rights ordinance by the local council. One of main reasons is that mayors and local councillors have not properly understood social significance of human rights and its ordinance. For removing of the obstacles, as shown in the case of Jinju, it requires the understanding of the significance of human rights ordinance and making the social atmosphere for the implementation of human rights at the local community. Moreover, the mayors and local councillors should change their attitudes favorable to the human rights ordinance. As in the proposal of Jinju city, the human rights ordinance consists of regulations on the duty of members of local community including the mayor and on the institutionalization of special organization for protection and promotion of human rights. These apparatus will contribute for the development of human rights at the local community.

지역 공동체와 인권

김중섭(Joong-Seop Kim) 한국인문사회과학회 2006 현상과 인식 Vol.30 No.4

이 글은 지난 수십 년 동안 세계나 국가 수준에서 인권이 크게 발전하였으나 여전히 인권 침해가 빈번하게 일어나고 있다는 점에 주목하여 지역 공동체의 인권 실행을 높이는 것이 중요하다고 주장하고 있다. 지역 공동체는 특성상 인권 침해 요소를 안고 있지만, 일상적인 삶의 현장으로서 인권 실행의 증진에 중요한 역할을 맡고 있기 때문이다. 그리고 이 글은 지역 공동체의 인권 증진 방안으로서 인권 문화의 확산, 인권 교육 실시, 인권 보호 체계 구축, 그리고 다각적인 소통과 연대를 강조하고 있다. For the last several decades, the human rights situation has been improved in the world as well as at the national level. Nonetheless, there are numerous records of violations of human rights in everyday life. This paper argues to pay attention to the significant role of local community in terms of the implementation of human rights. Because the local community has the contrast characteristics for developing human rights in practice, we need to encourage the human rights initiative in local community as follows : the spread of human rights, human rights education, the development of human rights protection system, and the communication and solidarity of human rights groups.