돈암서원의 강학 활동

김문준 ( Kim Moon Joon ) 한국철학사연구회 2018 한국 철학논집 Vol.0 No.58

한국 서원의 교육 내용과 방식은 주자가 제시한 교육 내용 및 방식과 대부분 유사하지만, 학파에 따라 다소 다른 방식으로 운영되었다. 돈암서원의 초기 원장으로 재임한 이들은 모두 김장생의 문인이었던 김집·송준길·송시열 등이다. 돈암서원은 같은 노론계 서원이었던 화양서원·석실서원이 기호 지역의 중심 서원으로 성장하면서 서원의 위상과 강학 활동도 약화되었을 것이라고 추정된다. 돈암서원 설립 초기의 학규는 전하지 않는다. 돈암서원의 운영 방식은 돈암서원 운영 전반에 관하여 17세기 후반 원장으로 재임하던 송준길에게 문의한 윤증의 서신을 통해 짐작할 수 있다. 이 서신을 통해 볼 때, 돈암서원의 학규는 이이의 <은병정사학규>와 유사하였다고 추정된다. 18세기 이후 돈암서원의 역대 원장은 노론의 낙론계 학자들로서 권상하 계열보다 김창협 계열의 원장이 많았다. 돈암서원 원장은 화양서원, 석실서원의 원장이 겸임하거나 전후로 재임했을 가능성이 많다. 돈암서원에서 행한 강학 활동은 서원 설립 초기에는 김장생-송시열의 교학체계에 따라 소학→가례→심경→근사록 등 성리서를 우선하고 다음에 사서·오경을 가르쳤다. 점차 노론계 낙론 서원인 석실서원 출신의 학자들이 원장으로 부임하면서 소학→사서→오경을 먼저 가르치고 다음에 성리서를 가르치는 이이의 교학체계를 시행하였으리라 추정된다. 이러한 강학 순서는 김창협 계열의 학자들이 설립하고 운영했던 석실서원의 강학 내용과 순서이다. 돈암서원의 입학 자격은 신분은 중시하지 않았으며, 학문과 인품을 중시했다. 서원에서 과거 공부는 허용되지 않았다. 원생들은 서원에서 거재(居齋)하면서 강학에 참여하는 것이 원칙이었으나, 점차 서원의 재정이나 운영이 어려워지면서 자기 집에 거가(居家)하면서 삭망에 행하는 강회에 참여하는 형태로 변화되었다. The contents and method of education of all Korean scholars are similar to the contents and method of education provided by Zhu Xi(朱熹), but they operated in a somewhat different way according to schools. Those who served as the first directors of Donam Seowon were Kim Gip(金集, 1574~1656), Song Joon-gil(宋浚吉, 1606~1672) and Song Si-yeol(宋時烈, 1607~1689), who were the writers of Kim Jang-saeng(金長生, 1548∼1631). Donam Seowon is supposed to have weakened the status of scholarship and the activities of lectures as HwaYang Seowon and Seoksil Seowon, which principals were all the Noron(老論) scholars, grew to be the center of education institution of the Noron. Donam Seowon have not preserved the school regulations. But the way of operating system of Donam Seowon can be guessed through the letter of Song Joon-gil, who was the headmaster of the late 17th century on the whole operation of Donam Seowon. From this letter, it is assumed that the school of Donam Seowon is similar to the ‘Unbyoung-Jungsa regulations’ written by Lee Yi(李珥). The headmasters of Donam Seowon was the Noron scholars. And scholars of the Kim Chang-hyeop(金昌協, 1651~1708) school became headmasters more than the scholars of Kwon Sang-ha(權尙夏, 1641~1721) school. Headmasters of the Donam Seowon had served as the headmasters of HwaYang Seowon and Seoksil Seowon also. In the early days of the establishment of the Donam Seowon, the lecture activities conducted in Donam Seowon were preceded by the textbooks of Kim Jang-saeng/Song Si-yeol's teaching curriculum and neo-confucian books[i.e Sohak(小學)→Family Ritual(家禮)→Simkyong(心經)→Keunsarok(近思錄). It is assumed that the scholars of Seoksil Seowon, who was a Noron Nak-ron(洛論) scholars, gradually adopted Lee Yi's teaching curriculum[i.e, Sohak(小學)→Sasoe(四書)→Okyoung(五經)]. This lecture contents and procedure was contents and procedure of the Seoksil Seowon, established and operated by the scholars of the Kim Chang-hyeop school. Entrance qualification of Donam Seowon's did not place importance on the social status, but on scholarship and personality. The examination for a high-ranking government official was not allowed. Although the principle, students had to participate in the lecture and study(講學), they were living in Seowon, while the financial and operating of the Seowon became increasingly difficult, the students were changed to participate in the conference(講會) held twice a month while studying at their homes.

수근관 증후군에서의 무증상성 척골신경병증

문준식,이성수,이지용,한범기,권준범,양현덕,이성익 대한신경과학회 1999 대한신경과학회지 Vol.17 No.2

완전 기저 동맥 중복과 동반된 모야모야병(Moyamoya disease) 1예

권준범,양현덕,한범기,이지용,문준식,이성수 대한신경과학회 1999 대한신경과학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Microstructure, Tensile and Fatigue Properties of Al–5 wt.%Mg Alloy Manufactured by Twin Roll Strip Casting

Joon‑Young Heo,Min‑Seok Baek,Kwang‑Jun Euh,Kee‑Ahn Lee 대한금속·재료학회 2018 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.24 No.5

This study investigated the microstructure, tensile and fatigue properties of Al–5 wt.%Mg alloy manufactured by twin rollstrip casting. Strips cast as a fabricated (F) specimen and a specimen heat treated (O) at 400 °C/5 h were produced andcompared. In the F specimen, microstructural observation discovered clustered precipitates in the center area, while in theO specimen precipitates were relatively more evenly distributed. Al, Al 6 (Mn, Fe), Mg 2 Al 3 and Mg 2 Si phases were observed. However, most of the Mg 2 Al 3 phase in the heat-treated O specimen was dissolved. A room temperature tensile test measuredyield strength of 177.7 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 286.1 MPa and elongation of 11.1% in the F specimen and167.7 MPa (YS), 301.5 MPa (UTS) and 24.6% (EL) in the O specimen. A high cycle fatigue test measured a fatigue limit of145 MPa in the F specimen and 165 MPa in the O specimen, and the O specimen achieved greater fatigue properties in allfatigue stress conditions. The tensile and fatigue fracture surfaces of the above-mentioned specimens were observed, and thisstudy attempted to investigate the tensile and fatigue deformation behavior of strip cast Al–5 wt.%Mg based on the fi ndings.

Classification of plant orostachys used chloroplast genome through Real-Time PCR

An Joon,Jang Cheol Seong 한국작물학회 2017 한국작물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.-

肝카필라리아症(Hepatic Capillariasis)에 있어서 卵周圍 沈降反應에 관한 實驗的 硏究

金正俊,李駿商,林漢鍾 고려대학교 의과대학 1982 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.19 No.1

The present study was undertaken to investigate the circumoval precipitation (COP) reaction of Capillaria hepatica. The source of C. hepatica eggs was the deposit of nonembryonated eggs encapsulated in the liver of the house rat. The eggs were embryonated in the incubator at 27℃ to 30℃ for four to five weeks. Rat was infected orally with 2,000 embryonated eggs. Blood collections were made by the cardiac puncture after infection of C. hepatica for 10 to 63 days. Fresh eggs obtained from the liver of the house rat washed three times with distilled water and lyophilized with the freeze dryer. lyophilization was carried out on a temperature of -50℃ and a vacuum of 10^(-4)㎜Hg. The occurrence of circumoval precipitation (COP) reaction was proved by the embryonated eggs of C. hepatica which were incubated in the sera from rats given embryonated eggs of C. hepatica by orally. The result findings were as follows: 1. The precipitations were formed around the mucoid plugs of the embryonated eggs after 24 hours at 37℃ by the sera from infected rats. 2. The average positive rates of COP reaction in different diluting solutions were 46.5% in PBS, 35.5% in Millonig's buffer solution, 20.2% in normal saline and 8.8% in distilled water. 3. Precipitations in COP reaction was noticed even in highly diluted sera up to 1 : 128. The high positive rate of COP reaction in serum with the PBS diluting solution was shown to be over 76% at the dilution of 1 : 16 to 1:32. 4. There were no differences in the positive rates of the COP reaction between the fresh and lyophilized eggs using PBS as a diluting solution. 5. There were no differences in the positive rates of COP reaction using lyophilized embryonated eggs in each serum collected during the 10th to 63rd days after infection of C. hepatica. 6. With the embryonated eggs of C. hepalica precipitations were not produced in the sera from rats infected with Clonorchis sinensis, Metagonimus yokogawai, Paragonimus iloktsuenensis and by the sera from human infected with Ascaris lumbricoides.

가토 간의 VX2 carcinoma : 종양이식방법에 따른 영상소견의 차이 Different Radiologic Features According to Innoculation Methods

이준우,정진욱,최국명,김종재,김세형,최준일,이경호,김승협,박재형 대한초음파의학회 2000 ULTRASONOGRAPHY Vol.19 No.3

우리나라 주요 과실류의 장기전망에 관한 연구

박준근,이영식,김준성 全南大學校 農業科學技術硏究所 1998 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.33 No.-

Importation of fruits has been completely liberalized since July 1, 1997, in Korea. This makes the future of Korean fruit industry unstable. In order to cope with this unfavorable situation, long-term fruit supply and demand forecast should be made and fruit policy should be put into implementation accordingly. Major fruits covered in this study are apples, pears, peaches, grapes, persimmons, oranges and miscellaneous fruits. Their overall demand is expected to increase by 22% compared with the average of 1995-1996 in 2020. Considering the past trend, yields of those fruits were forecast first and acreage forecast was made later on. The major concern of this study was a future forecast of necessary acreage for each of the major fruits mentioned above. With self-sufficiency of them in mind, their necessary acres were forecast and those of apples, peaches, grapes, and persimmons would increase whereas those of oranges and pears would decrease according to the assumption which reflects the past trend.

L-Phenylalanine 생산

김준표,임동준 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1991 環境硏究 Vol.11 No.1

본 논문은 미생물에 의한 L-phenylalanine생성에 관한 연구로서 E. coli CGSC 4510을 이용하여 NTG(N-methy-N'-nitro-N-nitroso-guanidine)와 penicillin으로 처리하여 L-tyrosine 영양요구성 변이주를 분리하였고 L-phenylalanine의 생산량을 더욱 증가시킬 목적으로 L-tyrosine 영양요구성 변이주를 NTG로 재처리하여 PFP(p-fluoro-phenylalanine) 내성 변이주를 분리하였다. 이 균주를 사용하여 L-phenylalanine을 생성할 때 최적 배지 조성은 탄소원으로 glucose의 초기 농도가 20g/l, 질소원으로 NH₄Cl의 농도가 4g/l 즉, C/N ratio가 5일 때였으며 pH 7.5에서 최대의 L-phenylalanine의 생성을 보였다. 유가식 배양에서 세포 성장의 exponential phase 초기에 n-hexadecane을 1%(v/v)되게 첨가하였더니 세포 성장과 L-phenylalanine 생산량이 우수하였는데 n-hexadecane을 첨가하지 않았을 때 보다 세포성장수율 ?? 은 약 2.2배 증가하였으며 L-phenylalanine 생산수율 ?? 은 48% 증가하였다. The production of L-phenylalanine by Escherichia coli CGSC 4510 was investigated. Mutation techniques were used in order to select the strains which yields the highest L-phenylalanine production. Mutans were induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(NTG) treatment and then L-tyrosine mutants were induced by NTG and penicillin treatment. PFP(p-fluoro-phenylalanine) resistant mutant was isolated from L-tyrosine auxotrophic mutants with plasmid pSY110-14 and the recombinant cells were used for L-phenylalanine production. The optimum media composition for L-phenylalanine production were 20g/l of glucose, 4g/l of NH₄Cl(C/N=5), When 1%(v/v) n-hexadecane was added at initial exponential phase, the product yield of L-phenylalanine was insreased 49%.

직장항문 농양과 치루에 대한 임상적 고찰

김준호,서준하,이석환,이기형,윤충 경희대학교 1997 慶熙醫學 Vol.13 No.4