CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of CD47 causes hemolytic anemia with splenomegaly in C57BL/6 mice

Joo-II Kim,Jin-Sung Park,Jina Kwak,Hyun-Jin Lim(임현진),Soo-Kyung Ryu,Euna Kwon,Kang-Min Han,Ki-Taek Nam,Han-Woong Lee,Byeong-Cheol Kang 한국실험동물학회 2020 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2020 No.7

매체기호학적 접근방식을 이용한 광고사진의 분석-사진의 공간성 개념을 중심으로

주형일(Hyoung II Joo) 사단법인 언론과 사회 2004 언론과 사회 Vol.12 No.3

그림과 달리 사진은 특정한 형태의 재현공간 안에 현실공간의 일부분과 시간의 단면을 재현하는 매체이다. 또한 사진은 사물의 형태를 아주 유사하게 재현해 내는 도상성과 사물의 흔적을 기록하는 지표성을 갖고 있다. 광고와 같은 설득 커뮤니케이션에서 사람들은 이러한 속성들을 의도적으로 이용하면서 사진이 특정한 의미를 생산하도록 조작할 수 있다.<br/> 광고사진의 경우, 사진은 상품의 모습을 정확히 보여주는 것처럼 보이지만 사실은 외형의 가치를 부각시키면서 상품을 아주 매력적이고 갖고 싶어할 만한 것으로 만든다. 사진의 틀이 만들어내는 공간성을 뜰 안과 밖의 공간 사이의 관계를 통해 조형적인 미와 의미의 방향성을 만들어낸다. 더구나 상품과 직접적 관련이 없는 광고사진은 상품 자체를 지시하기보다는 상품의 소비가 유발할 수 있는 가치를 보여주는 데 주력하며 상징적이고 상상적인 차원에서 해석되는 의미를 만들어낸다. The purpose of this study is to understand how the spaciality of photography is concerned with the advertising, and to propose a new perspective in the interpretation and use of the advertising photo-graphy. Photography captures a moment of time and a piece of space in a rectangular frame. This frame, as space of representation, gives a spaciality to the photography. By frame, photography has two distinct spaces: space 'in frame' and space 'out of frame', The space In frame is a represented space and the space out of frame is a supposed space which would be real or Imaginary, The tension between these two spaces gives some aesthetic properties to the photography and influences the interpretations of the photography, The particularity of the space of photography consists in the fact that the photography is made by a machine, i. e. a camera. The camera records the light emitted from a real object. It means that the space represented in photography is connected to the real space, Because the space and object in photography were definitely in the real world, the space In frame is regarded as a piece of the real space and so is the space out of frame. In photography, the connection between the space in frame and the space out of frame is assumed by means of several devices. One of these devices is the gaze. If a person looks at the camera when he is photographed, he seems to look at the spectator who is in the space out of frame, i. e. in the real space In front of photography. Because there is always someone supposed to be behind the camera, every photography is a point of view shot.<br/> Through the camera, the gaze of the person in photography meets the spectator's gaze. If there is no camera as in the case of painting, the gaze of the person in photography does not meet the spectator's <br/> gaze. The advertising photography uses it to simulate the communication between person in photography and spectator. By the gaze, the person in photography calls, orders, invites and seduces the spectator. The space in frame is connected to the space out of frame which can be real. Nevertheless, the space out of frame can be also imaginary, for it is not seen in the photography. Now, we can see that the spaciality of photography has some aesthetic and semiotic implications. And we can find them especially in the advertising photography which tries not only to show the good effects caused by the consumption of products but also to make symbolic and imaginary meanings of the consumption.

임부(姙婦)의 산전위험요인평가연구(産前危險要因評價硏究): 일선(一線) 보건요원(保健要員)을 위한 산전관리용(産前管理用) 위험요인적용모형(危險要因適用模型) 개발(開發)

박인화 ( In-hwa Park ),주신일 ( Shyn Ii Joo ) 한국보건사회연구원 1985 保健社會硏究 Vol.5 No.1

1. Background and Purpose of Study The purpose of this study is to develop a risk factor assessment chart that is simple to use by health workers at grass-root level and predictive enough to screen and allocate limited resources to high-risk pregnancy. A risk scoring chart, currently in use by the government sector in the field of maternal and child health in Korea, is based on arbitrary criteria for selection and scoring of risk factors. Therefore this chart has considerable limitations in the statistical sense including the validity of scoring system. Against this backstop, development of a risk factor assessment chart that is valid on statistical consideration is critically indicated for manpower situation as unique in Korea where nurse-aids account for the predominant work-force engaged in the maternal and child health care service at the grass-root level in the public sector. 2. Design of Study Materials: The current study, which is the second phase one, relates to the 3,838 pregnant women reviewed and edited out of the original 4,012 women observed in the first phase of the study (Joo et al., 1982) and is intended to attempt further in-depth analysis of the information on pregnancy and labour of the population. Information on the medical charts of pregnant women who were consecutively delivered at the Busan II Shin Hospital during the first six months in 1981 are the main data source. Relevant information on these medical charts were collected in standardized questionaire that was developed by a Korea Institute for Population and Health research team. Analysis of Data: In principle, four main analyses were undertaken. First, the significance of association between maternal variables and a defined outcome variable which relates to unwanted pregnancy complications and labor/delivery outcomes, was assessed by means of the adjusted chi-square test. A list of variables that were shown statistically significant on chi-square test were selected as risk factors. Therefore, pregnancies with risk factors were categorized as high-risk pregnancy, and those without any were grouped as non-risk pregnancy which, however, were subject to further analysis of next stage. In short, all those non-risk pregnancies found without risk factors under· went analysis of each succeeding stage up 10 final one, fourth stage. Second, odds ratio as an approximation to the relative risk, was calculated to assess the potency of different risk factors associated with the defined outcome variable. Third, validity of each stage of screening scheme was tested. interms 01 sensitivity, specificity and predictability. Finally, a revised risk assessment chart to screen high-risk pregnancy was developed for the use of health workers at grass-root level. 3, Findings First stage of analysis: Six maternal variables including obstetric danger signals identified over chief complaints of the pregnant were examined in relation to the unwanted pregnancy complications and labour/delivery outcomes. The first stage analysis showed that there were significant associat ion between four danger signals of edema, blurred visionf headache, convulsion and bleeding, and the adverse outcome. Risk factors with the highest association are convulsion and edema that are highly correlated with hypertensive disorder 01 pregnancy. The prevalence of the pregnancy with single or more of the four risk factors is found to be 16.3 percent and corresponding odds ralio is 4.59, as shown in Table 8. Second stage of analysis: Non-risk pregnancies that were not exposed to anyone of the statistically Significant danger signals of the first stage of analysis were further divided into two groups, ie., primiparas and multiparas. Six independent variables including age for the group of primiparas and 15 variables for multiparas including the former six for the primiparas were examined in relation to the adverse outcomes. For primipara, age and height are found to be risk factors and for multipara, age, height and seven va riables related to previous obstet ric history are proved to be risk factors. Each prevalence of primiparas and multipa ras who are exposed to single or more of risk factors in each defined group are 4.5 percent and 50.0 percent respectively. Corresponding odds ratios for primipara and multipara thus exposed to risk factors are 4.41 and 3.45 respectively, as shown in Table 11. Third stage of analysis: Those non-risk pregnancies that were continuously left out over the process of first and second stage of analysis underwent further examination. Seven maternal variables that can be easily identified over simple clinical check-up were examined of their effect on the defined outcome variable. Statistically significant are two factors of blood pressure (140/90 mmHg or higher) and presence of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia. The prevalence of pregnancies with single or both of the two risk factors is 5.5 percent with corresponding odds ratio of 1.57, as shown in Table 13. It is comparatively weaker association in contrast with those found in the preceding stages of analysis. Fourth stage or analysis: Those non-risk pregnancies continuously left out over the three stages of analysis were further examined to find out what statistically significant risk factors were out of the 14 selected maternal variables during pregnancy of third trimester. These variables are divided into two groups. ie., one group of nine variables that are easily identifiable during clinical check-up and another group of five variables that would require examination of more skilled health personnel. Significant among the former group are found to be five risk factors including excessive weight gain and among the latter, three risk factors including abnormal size on abdominal examination. The prevalence of pregnancies with one or more of five risk factors in the former group accounts for 11.9 percent with corresponding odds ratio of 2.44, whereas the prevalence of pregnancies with single or more of the lauer`s three risk factors is 20.2 percent with corresponding odds ratio of 3.73. Thus, risk factors that would require expert examination seem to have higher degree of association, as shown in Table 15. Consequently the prevalance of pregnancies with single or more of the above eight risk factors combined. is 29.4 percent with corresponding odds ratio of 3. 19. 4. Conclusion and Recommendation Among the total of 48 maternal variables initially employed for analysis, 26 variables were selected as risk factors. Accordingly study pregnancies were screened at each stage of analysis, depending on the occurrence of the relevant risk factors. In this study, all those classified as high-risk pregnancy account for 41.5 percent-47.6 percent according to the type of screening scheme applied at fourth stage. The predictability of this screening scheme has, at all stages of screening, positive predictive power between 41.7 percent and 69.3 percent, and negative predictive power between 67.0 percent and 89.3 percent. Total correct classification which accounts for the percentage of true positive and negative cases combined among the cases observed, ranges from 67.3 percent to 73.8 percent, as shown in Table 19. High predictability is found of the fourth stage scheme with more complicated risk factors, and lower one, of the second stage scheme with risk factors of age, height, and previous obstetric histories. Positive predictive power of this screening scheme, by and large, is lower than negative predictive power. In conclusion, a risk factor assessment chart proposed in this study for the use of health workers at grass-root level is illustrated in Table 20. This revised scheme is modified out of study results in terms of statistical consideration between risk factors and the outcome variable, logical validation, and practical utility. In the future efforts, selection of risk factors and their cut-off points will be defined in view of balance between the seriousness of the false negative mistakes and the damage done to individuals by the needless use of resources on the false positives. This in turn raises a critical issue in the public health activities; how many and what kind of "mistakes" can be accomodated when resources are limited?

Clinical and biological implications of CD133-positive and CD133-negative cells in glioblastomas.

Joo, Kyeung Min,Kim, Shi Yean,Jin, Xun,Song, Sang Yong,Kong, Doo-Sik,Lee, Jung-Ii,Jeon, Ji Won,Kim, Mi Hyun,Kang, Bong Gu,Jung, Yong,Jin, Juyoun,Hong, Seung-Chyul,Park, Woong-Yang,Lee, Dong-Sup,Kim, H United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology [e 2008 Laboratory investigation Vol.88 No.8

<P>A number of recent reports have demonstrated that only CD133-positive cancer cells of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) have tumor-initiating potential. These findings raise an attractive hypothesis that GBMs can be cured by eradicating CD133-positive cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are a small portion of GBM cells. However, as GBMs are known to possess various genetic alterations, GBMs might harbor heterogeneous CSCs with different genetic alterations. Here, we compared the clinical characteristics of two GBM patient groups divided according to CD133-positive cell ratios. The CD133-low GBMs showed more invasive growth and gene expression profiles characteristic of mesenchymal or proliferative subtypes, whereas the CD133-high GBMs showed features of cortical and well-demarcated tumors and gene expressions typical of proneuronal subtype. Both CD133-positive and CD133-negative cells purified from four out of six GBM patients produced typical GBM tumor masses in NOD-SCID brains, whereas brain mass from CD133-negative cells showed more proliferative and angiogenic features compared to that from CD133-positive cells. Our results suggest, in contrast to previous reports that only CD133-positive cells of GBMs can initiate tumor formation in vivo CD133-negative cells also possess tumor-initiating potential, which is indicative of complexity in the identification of cancer cells for therapeutic targeting.</P>

공동체와 기본의무

홍일선 ( Ii Sun Hong ),김주환 ( Joo Hwan Kim ) 제주대학교 법과정책연구소 2013 法과 政策 Vol.19 No.2

기본의무는 국민이 국가공동체에 대하여 부담하는 헌법상의 의무이다. 기본의무는 인간의 의무ㆍ국민의 의무, 도덕적 의무ㆍ불완전한 법적 의무ㆍ법적 의무, 고전적 기본의무ㆍ새로운 기본의무 등으로 구별할 수 있다. 기본의무는 1789년 프랑스 인권선언을 배경으로 각국의 역사적ㆍ사회적ㆍ사상적 배경 등을 기초로 각각 발전되어 왔다. 기본의무를 인정하는 헌법적 근거로는 헌법국가의 국가성, 헌법상 사회국가원리, 기본권의 동등한 보장, 인간의 존엄성 등이 제시된다. 그러나 이러한 하나의 근거에서 기본의무가 정당화되기 보다는 기본의무의 성격과 내용 및 특징에 따라 위와 같은 근거들이 종합적으로 고려되어야 한다. 기본의무는 각각의 개별 기본권에 상응하는 기본의무의 내용이 항상 존재하지 않는다는 의미에서 기본권과 비대칭의 관계에 있다. 기본의무와 기본권을 대칭적 관계로 이해한다면 이는 과거 권위주의적 또는 독재국가의 헌법에서 초래된 위험성을 정당화시킬 수도 있다. 그러나 기본의무가 기본권을 배척한다는 의미에서 반자유주의적 성격, 즉 기본의무와 기본권의 상반적 관계를 인정할 수는 없다. 기본권과 기본의무는 각각의 영역에서 자유의 실현 또는 자유실현을 위한 국가질서의 구성이라는 서로 다른 역할을 수행하는 것으로, 양자는 대립의 관계가 아니라 공생의 관계에 있다고 보아야 한다. 기본의무는 특정한 기본권의 내용을 제한하는 것이 아니라 독자적 의무부과규범으로 여러 상이한 기본권적 영역에 향해진다는 점, 기본의무는 기본권을 제한하는 목적이 아니라 기본권실현을 위한 국가질서의 구성을 위해 요구되는 것이라는 점에서 기본권제한과 동일시되거나 기본권제한의 개념에 포함되는 것으로 볼 수 없다. Grundpflichten sind solche Pflichten, die dem Individuum durch das Verfassungsrecht auferlegt werden und die gegenuber des staatlichen Gemeinwesens zu erfullen sind. Nach vielartigen Maßstaben unterscheiden die Grunpflichten sich in MenschenpflichtenㆍStaatsburgerpflichten, Sittliche PflichtenㆍUnvollkommene RechtspflichtenㆍVollkommene Rechtspflichten und Klassische GrundpflichtenㆍNeue Grundpflichten. Historisch und theoretisch gesehen, reflektieren die Grundpflichten die verfassungsrechtliche Entwicklung der Menschen- und Grundrechte. Fur die Begrundung der Grundpflichten lassen sich vier konzeptionelle Ansatze unterscheiden: die Staatlichkeit des Verfassungsstaates, die Sozialitat des Individuums bzw. das Sozialstaatsprinzip, das Gegenseitigkeitsprinzip der gleichen Freiheit aller, die Menschenwurde. Eine der zentrale Fragen bezuglich der Grundpflichten ist die nach ihrem Verhaltnis zu den Grundrechten. Dabei zeigt sich unbezweifelbar, dass zwischen ihnen grundsatzlich kein Verhaltnis der Symmetrie besteht, sondern ein solches der Asymmetrie, das heißt, dass nicht jedem Grundrecht eine entsprechende Grundpflicht gegenubersteht. Das Verhaltnis zwischen Grundrechten und Grundpflichten in einer auf Freiheit und Gemeinschaft angelegten Verfassung ist nicht Kampf, sondern Symbiose. Schließlich sollte man nicht verkennen die spezifische Differenz zwischen Grundpflichten und Grundrechtsschranken. Letztere beschranken im Interesse der anderen und des Gemeinwesens die Ausubung einzelner Grundrechte. Grundpflichten beschranken demgegenuber nicht die Ausubung eines speziellen Grundrechts, sondern legen dem Individuum im Interesse des Gemeinwesens Leistungs- und Duldungspflichten auf, die sich nicht auf ein spezielles Grundrecht richten, sondern jeweils den Bereich mehrerer grundrechtlicher Freiheiten betreffen.

Effects of Vanadium Substitution on Structural, Electronic, Magnetic, and Optical Properties of Inverse-spinel Fe₃O₄

Kwang Joo Kim,Seung-Ii Choi,Jung Han Lee,Hee Jung Lee,Jae Yun Park 한국자기학회 2007 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.- No.-

Room-temperature Ferromagnetism and the Related Electronic Properties of Sb-doped TiO<SUB>2-δ</SUB>

Kwang Joo Kim,Young Ran Park,Seung-Ii Choi,Jung Han Lee,Hee Jung Lee,Sam Jin Kim 한국자기학회 2007 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.- No.-

[P8-44] Improvement of physiological activities of the ethanol extract from boiled-water of Enteroctopus dofleini by gamma irradiation

Hyun-Joo Kim,Jong-II Choi,Beom-Seok Song,Jae-Hun Kim,Ju-Woon Lee,Byung-Soo Chun,Dong-Hyun Ahn,Myung-Woo Byun 한국식품영양과학회 2007 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2007 No.10

이산화탄소 포집 및 저장에 대한 대중의 인식과 수용도

이상일 ( Sang Ii Lee ),성주식 ( Joo Sik Sung ),황진환 ( Jin Hwan Hwang ) 한국환경영향평가학회 2012 환경영향평가 Vol.21 No.3

CCS (Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage) is considered as the most effective counterplan in the mitigation of climate change. Even though the risk of leakage of CO2 stored in the geologic formation is very low, the public is expected to disagree with the initiation of a CCS project without proper management plans ensuring the safety. In this study, recognition of laypeople were surveyed about CCS, climate change, characteristics of carbon dioxide, storage concepts, ground pressure, the impact of carbon dioxide, and carbon dioxide for leakage. Thereafter the factors that could affect to recognition of CCS were analyzed by regression analysis. A survey was carried out to find out the public understanding and awareness about climate change and CCS. It is the purpose of this study to propose appropriate risk management strategies based on the findings from the survey.

Effects of oxyfluorination on surface and mechanical properties of carbon fiber-reinforced polarized-polypropylene matrix composites.

Kim, Hyun-Ii,Choi, Woong-Ki,Oh, Sang-Yub,Seo, Min-Kang,Park, Soo-Jin,An, Kay-Hyeok,Lee, Young Sil,Kim, Byung-Joo American Scientific Publishers 2014 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.14 No.12

<P>In this work, oxyfluorination treatments on carbon fiber surfaces were carried out to improve the interfacial adhesion between carbon fibers and polarized-polypropylene (P-PP). The surface properties of oxyfluorinated carbon fibers were characterized using a single fiber contact angle, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The mechanical properties of the composites were calculated in terms of work of adhesion between fibers and matrices and also measured by a critical stress intensity factor (K(IC)). The K(IC) of oxyfluorinated carbon fibers-reinforced composites showed higher values than those of as-received carbon fibers-reinforced composites. The results showed that the adhesion strength between the carbon fibers and P-PP had significantly increased after the oxyfluorination treatments. As the theoretical and practical comparisons, OF-CF-60s showed the best mechanical interfacial performance due to the good surface free energy. This indicates that oxyfluorination produced highly polar functional groups on the fiber surface, resulting in strong adhesion between carbon fibers and P-PP in this composite system.</P>