자식이 부모를 봉양하기 위하여 도둑질을 한 것이 선인가 악인가에 관한 마테오 리치와 유교선비의 논쟁

이종우 ( Yi¸ Jongwoo ) 한국윤리학회(구 한국국민윤리학회) 2020 倫理硏究 Vol.131 No.1

자식의 부모에 대한 효도는 동서고금의 공통적인 윤리이다. 만약 자식이 부모를 봉양하기 위하여 훔쳤다면 그것은 선인가? 악인가? 이에 대하여 중국에서 활동했던 카톨릭 신부 마테오 리치와 유교의 선비는 논쟁을 벌였다. 지금까지 이에 대한 연구가 없으므로 본고는 이것을 연구할 것이다. 중국의 유교 선비는 부모를 봉양하기 위하여 훔친 것은 선을 행하려는 의지로 인한 행동이기 때문에 선이라고 주장하였다. 반면에 마테오 리치는 그것은 선의 의지도 아니고 선행도 아니라고 주장하였다. 그는 선행은 선의지에 근거된 것이라고 생각하였고, 절도란 선이 아니라 악이기 때문에 그 의지도 역시 악이라고 여겼다. 왜냐하면 선이란 전혀 결점이 없는 완벽한 것이라고 여겼기 때문이다. 부모를 봉양하려는 것은 선이지만 절도는 악이기 때문에 자식의 그러한 행동은 완벽하지 않기 때문에 선이라고 할 수 없다고 마테오 리치는 여겼던 것이다. 당시 명나라 법전인 『대명률』에 따르면 자식의 그러한 행동은 처벌받았다. 이 때문에 유교선비의 주장은 당시 법률의 위반이었다. 마테오 리치의 선행의 뿌리로서 선의지는 토마스 아퀴나스의 영향을 받았고, 아퀴나스는 아리스토텔레스에 근거하였으므로 르네상스의 도덕철학이라고 할 수 있다. 이 때문에 그러한 마테오 리치의 개념은 카톨릭이라기 보다 르네상스의 도덕철학이라고 할 수 있다. 따라서 마테오 리치와 유교선비의 논쟁은 서양과 동양윤리의 대표적인 논쟁이라고 할 수 있다. A child's filial duty to his parents across is ethics in all the ages and countries of the world. If he has stolen to support his parents, is it good or evil? In this respect, Matteo Ricci, a Catholic missionary in China, had a debate with a Confucian scholar of China. This topic has not been researched until now, so I research on this. A Confucian regarded it as the will of goodness based on Confucian ethics, but Matteo Ricci argued it neither good will nor good deed. Because he regarded good act as based on good will. His argument was that a child's theft is evil, even if a will of child to support his parents, filial piety, is good, this is evil after all. That goodness is perfect. A child's support for his parents is good, while his theft evil. Because of this, that child's act is not perfect, so this is not good but evil. At the time, this was punished by Daiminglu (大明律, the Great Laws of Ming Dynasty) of China. Therefore, that Confucian ethics was not suitable for the laws of times but ideal family ethics only. According to Matteo Ricci, that child's act is evil because a theft is evil. By contrast, a filial piety is good, so child's act is good, according to the Confucian. According to Matteo Ricci, the root of Good act is good will. This was the influence of Thomas Aquinas based on Aristotle. Therefore, that of Matteo Ricci implies rather moral philosophy of Renaissance than Catholicism because Renaissance means the rediscovery of classical Greek philosophy, including Aristotle. Because of this, their debate is a representative debate between West and East.

‘주체사상 생명론’의 비판적 상황화 담론을 통한 북한 이탈주민 선교방안

이종우 ( Lee¸ Jong Woo ) 개혁주의생명신학회 2020 생명과 말씀 Vol.28 No.3

최근까지 남한에 입국, 정착한 북한 이탈주민 수는 3만 3천여 명에 이르며 탈북 러시가 줄었음에도 여전히 진행 중이다. 문재인 정부의 통일정책을 미루어 볼 때, 북한과의 교류협력과 앞으로 남북한의 왕래가 지금보다 자유로워질 수 있다. 그러므로 북한 이탈주민을 향한 복음 전도는 매우 중요하지만, 그동안 한국교회의 북한 이탈주민 선교는 큰 열매를 보지 못하고 있다. 그 주요 원인은 북한 이탈주민들을 대상으로 선교하는 사역자들이 이들의 세계관인 주체사상을 명확히 이해하지 못하거나 공감을 위한 상황화 노력이 없이 일방적 선포방식을 취함으로써 복음이 거절되거나, 이들의 내면에 자연스럽게 스며들지 못함에 따라 효과적인 선교의 결실을 보지 못하도록 하고 있다고 본다. 북한 이탈주민 선교의 일환으로 기독교의 생명론과 주체사상의 사회적 생명론은 유사성과 차이점이 존재하는데, 북한 이탈주민들과 공감을 이루면서도 주체사상의 한계를 뛰어넘는 기독교의 생명 이해를 위한 대화가 필요하다. 본 연구는 먼저 주체사상의 간략사와 주체사상의 핵심 교리인 사회적 생명론과 기독교 진리로서 예수의 생명론의 유사점과 비교를 통한 비판적 상황화 담론을 통하여 기독교 북한 이탈주민 선교방안을 제안하고자 한다. Until recently the number of North Korean defectors who live in the South Korea reach about 33,000 and North Koreans are still leaving their hometown although the number of the North Korean defectors has decreased. Owing to the Moon Jae-in administration’s unification policy, it will be allowed for us to interchange with North Korea more freely and frequently than now. Thus it is needles to say that the North Korea mission has been a failure even though it is very critical. We see one of the key reasons for the failure as the behavior patters of North Koreans rooted in the ‘Juche’ ideology, that is, the North Korean world-view. The researcher observed that the Biblical message and love South Korean missionaries or pastors communicated with North Korean defectors could not touch and penetrate deep into their inner world-view called the ‘Juche’ ideology. Therefore we will outline the contents of ‘Juche’ ideology and discuss the contextualized mission plans that starts from the identification of the ‘Juche’ ideology and the North Korean compatriots. To this end we reviewed the research literature on ‘Juche’ ideology and reconsidered the biblical contextualization for the North Korea mission which were imprinted on ‘Juche’ ideology from the perspective of missionary theology.

The Mediating Effect of Brand Awareness on the Relationship between Online Shopping Mall Quality Factors and Consumer Satisfaction

Jongwoo LEE(Jongwoo LEE),Eikjoe KIM(Eikjoe KIM) 한국유통과학회 2023 유통과학연구 Vol.21 No.7

Indirect Contact Probing Method for Characterizing Vertical Interconnections in Electronic Packaging

Jongwoo Jeong,Jingook Kim,No-Weon Kang,Ki Jin Han THE INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS 2015 IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters Vol. No.

<P>This letter proposes a new indirect contact probing method to characterize vertical interconnections without contact damage. At the first step of the proposed technique, multiple one-port calibration measurements should be performed to characterize the contactor layer between the probe pads and the device-under-tests (DUTs). The characteristics of the actual vias as the DUTs are then extracted from indirect-contact measurements by de-embedding the contactor layer. In simulations and experiments at frequencies range from 2.5 to 18 GHz, we have verified via defects can be successfully identified from the indirect-contact measurements.</P>

The Effect of Plank Exercises with Hip Abduction Using Sling on Trunk Muscle Activation in Healthy Adults

( Jongwoo Bak ),( Suyoung Shim ),( Minkwon Cho ),( Yijung Chung ) 대한물리치료학회 2017 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.29 No.3

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of healthy persons performing a plank exercise with hip abduction and use of sling on trunk muscle activity. Methods: Twenty-three subjects participated in this study. Muscle activities of the multifidus, rectus abdominis, external oblique and internal oblique were assessed with electromyography (EMG) while the subjects performed 6 various types of plank exercises in random order. Results: There was a significant difference in multifidus and internal oblique on the supported side and the multifidus, external oblique, and internal oblique on the elevated side (p<0.05), and differences in plank methods were significantly higher in the multifidus, rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique of the supported side and the rectus abdominis, external oblique and internal oblique on the elevated side (p<0.05). In addition, post-hoc analysis of the various plank methods showed that muscle activity was significantly higher during the general plank exercise compared with the knee-supported-in-sling plank exercises (p<0.05), and was significantly higher with the ankle-supported-in-sling plank exercises compared with the general plank exercise. Conclusion: There was greater trunk muscle activity with plank exercises performed with the ankle-supported-in-sling and hip abduction plank exercises compared with the general or knee-supported-in-sling plank exercises. Through this study, various plank exercises have been discovered that can be selected at different intensities for core muscle training purposes based on trunk muscle strength.

EPE: An Embedded Personalization Engine for Mobile Users

JongWoo Ha,Jung-Hyun Lee,SangKeun Lee IEEE 2014 IEEE internet computing Vol.18 No.1

<P>The proposed embedded personalization engine (EPE) utilizes valuable in-device usage data for inferring mobile user interests in a privacy-preserving manner. To provide users with personalized services, the proposed approach analyzes both the usage data inside a mobile device and service items--such as news articles and mobile apps--using the Open Directory Project (ODP) as a knowledge base. Embedded classification and ranking methodologies effectively match such service items with inferred user interests. The scenario-based evaluation clearly shows that the proposed EPE gives users highly personalized services with both reasonable perceived latency and little energy consumption.</P>

Preparation of Betaine-based Deep Eutectic Solvents and Effective Extraction Application of Luteolin in Cyperus flavidus

Jongwoo Lee,Junseong Park 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2021 No.10

Recently, organic solvents are used for most liquid extraction, which has the advantage of being reasonable and highly extractive, while disadvantage of being toxic and low stability. To solve this, a new concept of eco-friendly solvents, called deep eutectic solvent (DES), was introduced as interest in the use of eco-friendly solvents increased rapidly. In this study, the eutectic temperature and ratio of betaine based DES were determined and prepared. In addition, luteolin of Cyperus flavidus was identified through HPLC and HPLC-MS/MS analysis. Through the extraction of luteolin in Cyperus flavidus to which DES was applied, DES, which showed higher extraction efficiency than the conventional organic solvents, was selected and the possibility of an alternative solvent was evaluated. This work was supported by a grant from National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea (NIBR202121101) and the Technology Innovation Program (20009663, Development of petroleum free natural solubilizer and well aging products based on thereof) funded By the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE, Korea))

Design and Fabrication of Long‑Term Stable Dye‑Sensitized Solar Cells: Effect of Water Contents in Electrolytes on the Performance

Jongwoo Park,Phillip Lee,Min Jae Ko 한국정밀공학회 2019 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.6 No.1

The effects of water-containing I−/ I3 − liquid electrolytes on the photovoltaic performance and long-term stability of ruthenium based complex Z907 dye was examined in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Despite of high water content up to 60 vol% in organic solvent-based liquid electrolyte, the photovoltaic properties and long-term stability measured under the standard global (G) air-mass (AM) 1.5 solar irradiation were not significantly affected. The underlying correlation between the effects of water and the photovoltaic performances were identified by UV–visible spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. We investigated the long-term stability of performance for DSSCs in conjunction with I−/ I3 − redox electrolytes in different water compositions. The findings revealed that the competitive photovoltaic performance and longterm stability of water-containing DSSCs mainly depends on the hydrophobicity of dye as well as the transport phenomena of I3 − throughout the electrolytes. The water-based DSSCs proposed herein are free from water permeation issues and these results will provide great insight into the development of less expensive and more environmental friendly DSSCs.

Analysis of collective behavior and grasp motion in human hand

Jongwoo Park,Joono Cheong 제어로봇시스템학회 2010 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.10

In this paper, we propose a method for analyzing and synthesizing human’s grasping motion and the corresponding collective behaviors in the human hand. We apply PCA technique for a dimension reduction and then Gaussian mixture model(GMM) in order to identify the grasp type and the associated object parameters for a given joint data set. We verify the validity of the analysis through simulation with human grasp data captured by a data glove.

A Technology Study on Projection Mapping for Dynamic Object Tracking

Jongwoo Nam,Youngho Chai 중앙대학교 영상콘텐츠융합연구소 2015 TechArt :Journal of Arts and Imaging Science Vol.2 No.4