유가의 정통성에 관한 연구 - ‘中’을 중심으로 -

박종하 ( Park¸ Jong Ha ) (사)율곡연구원(구 사단법인 율곡학회) 2020 율곡학연구 Vol.43 No.-

유가의 正統性에 관한 논의의 본질적 목적은 ‘中’에 대한 올바른 이해와 그 계승을 통하여 세계와 인간에 대한 도덕적 완성과 대중이 성인이 되는 유가적 목표를 구현하려는데 있다. 모든 존재의 정통성(Legitimacy)은 이념적 가치로서뿐 아니라 실존적으로도 그 생명성의 본질이 된다. 인간사회의 道德 秩序規範에 대한 보편성의 근거는 동서양 공히 理性 또는 正義 등으로 표현된다. 그리고 이에 바탕 한 내면의 주관적 승복은 궁극적으로는 良心에 귀결된다. 따라서 인간의 양심에 근거한 보편가치는 존재에 대한 正統과 異端을 가르는 지표가 된다. 서구의 정치·사회학적 정통성은 개인의 도덕성보다 집단의 사회·정치적 필요성에 더 주목하여 집단의 유지와 결속을 위한 내부 구성원의 자발적 승복이라는 필요성과 연결되어 있다. 이에 비해 유가의 정통성에 대한 논의는 왕조적 국가와 사회의 체제 유지를 위한 필요성과 더불어 개인의 도덕적 완성을 위한 인간 본질에 보다 중심을 둔다. 따라서 유가의 정통성에 대한 논의는 이념적 가치에만 머무는 것도 아니고, 정치, 사회적 집단의 유지와 결속을 위한 실효성에 치우치는 것도 아니다. 결국 유가의 정통성에 대한 논의는 현실의 주체적 인간이 실현하여야 할 이상적 목표달성을 위해 요구되는 선결요건이다. 이러한 정통성의 의미 정립에 대한 논의는 시간과 장소에 따라 차이가 있을 수 있으나, 그 본질적 내용은 결국 인간과 만물의 존재적 始原性에 대한 연원과 그것을 유지하고 계승하는 실천방법에 대한 내용으로 귀결된다. 유가의 정통성으로서 ‘中’이 지닌 보편규범성은, 유가적 正統性이 理念的 價値로서의 뿐만 아니라 實存的으로도 그 生命性의 본질이 됨을 나타낸다. 결국, 유가의 正統性은 堯·舜으로부터 이어지는 ‘中’에 대한 始原的 가치나 사상의 脈을 유지하고 계승하는 ‘道統’의 개념이며, 유가의 道統은 ‘中’의 계승을 통한 학문적 正統性의 유지이자 存在論的 질서에 대한 生命性의 보존이다. 이에 유가 도통론에서 老佛에 대한 비판의 초점은 노불의 주장이 유가적 규범의 실체적 표준이 되는 ‘中’의 근거가 박약하다는 점과 노불의 주장만으로는 궁극적으로 유가적 목표를 달성할 수 없다는 점을 향해 있다. 그러므로 유가 道統論에서 유가의 정통성으로서 ‘中’이란 학문적 존립근거이자 선결조건이 되고 동시에 脈으로서의 生命性이기 때문에, 이에 대한 논의는 間斷없이 이어지고 치열하게 이루어질 수밖에 없다. The legitimacy of all beings becomes the essence of its vitality not only as an idealistic value but it existentially becomes the essence of its vitality as well. The discussion on orthodoxy and heresy in the theory of Confucian orthodoxy is about legitimacy that comes from nature as a basis of existence for the ought (das Sollen) and the is (das Sein). Western political and sociological legitimacy is more concerned with the social and political needs of the group than the individual morality and therefore is linked to the need for voluntary subordination of internal members for the maintenance and solidarity of the group. Discussions on the legitimacy of Confucianism place more emphasis on the essence of human beings for individual moral completion than on the need to maintain the dynastic state and social system. Therefore, the discussion on the Confucian legitimacy does not remain only at the idealistic value, nor does it not merely focus on the effectiveness of maintaining and bounding political and social groups. In the end, the discussion on the legitimacy of Confucianism is a prerequisite required for achieving the ideal goal that human beings, who are realistic subjects, should realize, and a discussion on the indispensable elements of moral practice. The discussion on establishing the meaning of legitimacy may vary depending on time and place, but the essential contents are ultimately concluded with the origin of the existential inception of human beings and all things and the practical method of maintaining and inheriting it. The basis of universality for the moral norms of human society is expressed as the reason or the justice and the like in both East and West, and the subjective subservience of the inner side based on this ultimately comes to conscience. Therefore, universal values based on human conscience are indicators of orthodoxy and heresy. The universal norm of “Zhong(moderation)” as Confucian legitimacy is to indicate that the legitimacy of the Confucianism becomes the essence of its vitality not only as an idealistic value but it existentially becomes the essence of its vitality as well. In the end, the legitimacy of Confucianism is the concept of “orthodoxy” that maintains and inherits the inceptional value or thinking of “moderation” that derives from Emperors Yao and Shun, and the orthodoxy of Confucianism is the maintenance of academic legitimacy through the succession of “moderation” and the preservation of the vitality of the ontological order. Therefore, the focus of criticism on Taoism and Buddhism in the theory of Confucian orthodoxy is that the statements of Taoism and Buddhism are weak as the basis of “moderation” which is the substantive standard of Confucian norms, and that the statements cannot achieve the goal of Confucianism ultimately. Therefore, as the “moderation” as the legitimacy in Confucian orthodoxy theory is the academic basis and prerequisite and at the same time is the vitality as the kernel, the discussion on “moderation” continue without interruption and is bound to be fierce. In the end, the essential purpose of the Confucian orthodoxy theory is to realize the moral completion of the world and human beings and the Confucian goal of making people become saints through the proper understanding and succession of “Moderation.”

Exercise improves efficacy of anticancer therapy: pro-apoptotic ceramide signaling

( Jonghae Lee ) 대한운동사협회 2022 대한운동사협회 운동사대회자료집 Vol.2022 No.-

Vascular Adaptations to Obesity and Exercise: Inflammation and Endothelial Mesenchymal Transition Associated Putative Mechanisms

Jonghae Lee,Yoonjung Park 한국체육학회 2022 International journal of human movement science Vol.16 No.3

Obesity is a complex disease affecting whole body metabolism associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and increased the risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Chronic inflammatory state in obesity is a central mechanism for developing endothelial dysfunction in obesity. Exercise is an effective modality to reduce many factors contributing to obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction. However, the anti-inflammatory actions of exercise in different vascular beds still remain unclear. This review will focus on current literature and provide putative mechanisms by which exercise protects against altered vascular function in obesity.

Polymer-induced Stabilization of Zinc Surface for Stable Rechargeable Batteries

Jongha Hwang(황종하),Woo-Jin Song(송우진) 한국태양에너지학회 2021 한국태양에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.11

Kidney disease and obesity paradox

( Jongha Park ) 대한신장학회 2017 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.36 No.1

Future WARFARE and Artificial Intelligence Applications in the ROK Military: Problems and Alternatives

Jongha Kim J-INSTITUTE 2021 Robotics & AI Ethics Vol.6 No.2

Purpose: This article explores the most likely impacts of Artificial Intelligence(AI) on the character of future warfare, focuses on how AI will change just about the way we fight in the battlefield, analyzes the current status and problems of AI applications in the ROK military, and then suggests several policy alternatives with regard to future development of the ROK military’s war-fighting capabilities with AI and autonomous systems (i.e., robots). Method: This article uses a literature review method that collects and analyzes data through existing research results or literatures. In order to understand the research trends of AI-driven warfare, professional military papers related to future operational concepts and doctrines are analyzed. In addition, data published by the Army, Navy, and Air Force Headquarters is referenced for the current state and problems of AI application of the ROK military. In particular, the latest data is mainly reflected in order not to miss important issues related to the rapidly changing military application of AI. Results: AI-driven future warfare will have three broad trends, that is, the acceleration of multi-domain battle, the generalization of cognitive-centered operations, and the Acceleration of Human-machine Fusion and increased ambiguity of blurring distinction between combatants and non-combatants. AI applications in the ROK military, however, is somewhat behind advanced countries, and currently stays at the conceptual level and exists mostly on paper. It still does not act to convert AI technology for military use, and not adapt it for operational concepts and acquisition process of weapons systems. For this reason, the ROK military needs to actively pursue various AI technology development strategies that can be used in conducting complex war-fighting within the full spectrum of conflicts. Conclusion: The ROK military needs to discard ineffective legacy weapons systems and prioritize investment in advanced technologies including AI, and streamline its cumbersome weapons acquisition and sustainment process and procedure as a means to win the AI race with other countries. With AI, the ROK military will be ableto create more agile, flexible and lethal war-fighting capabilities in strategic, operational, and tactical dimensions.

How Can We Achieve Good Compliance for Bowel Preparation?

Jongha Park,Tae Oh Kim 대한소화기내시경학회 2019 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.52 No.1

Application of Ground Penetrating Radar to Construction Engineering Problem-defining

( Jongha Lee ) 대한지질공학회 2019 대한지질공학회 학술발표회논문집 Vol.2019 No.2

GPR(ground penetrating radar) finds more and more applications in the recent construction business. It is mostly because the equipment has good portability rather than other non-destructive survey equipments and takes few time to identify the responce from beneath the surface. Furthermore, recent social trend emphasizing citizen's safety and and the government's drive for it due to recent outbreaks of sink-holes in the downtown area enhanced the application of GPR faster and broader. One can find the anology of the GPR survey to the medical examinations where national health insurance secures the cost. As in medical practices, important appproach in problem solving in construction engineering is defining problem properly. GPR survey is one of essential survey method to do this and several cases of proper problem solving is shown on this paper.

UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase(UGP) targeting inhibitors as potential pesticides against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

Jongha Lee,Hyunjae Park,Diem Quynh Nguyen,Yoonsik Park,Seunghwan Kim,Jeong-Gu Kim,Lin-Woo Kang 한국농약과학회 2018 한국농약과학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.10

The Effect of Antidepressants on Functional Connectivity in First-Episode Drug-Naïve Adolescents with Major Depressive Disorder

Jongha Lee,Hojun Lee,Jihyun Kim,Sangil Suh,Moon-Soo Lee 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2018 대한소아청소년정신의학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.11