Comparison of Hanwoo with Holstein of OPU derived Embryo and Offspring Production

Jong‐In Jin,Byung‐Hyun Choi,Seong‐Su Kim,Hyun‐Tae Jo,Il‐Keun Kong 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2011 발생공학 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1

The objective of this study was to evaluate the comparison of production efficiency of oocytes and OPU (ovum pick‐up) derived embryos of Hanwoo with Holstein. The OPU session of each species (6 cows) was carried out from the Hanwoo (106 sessions) and Holstein (114 sessions) at intervals of 3 4 days (2 times per week) for 3 months. Cumulus‐oocyte‐complexes (COCs) retrieved were classified into 4 grades by the status of oocyte cytoplasm and cumulus cells. The COCs collected were matured in vitro in TCM‐199 supplemented with 10% FBS, 10 mg/ml FSH and 1 mg/ml estradiol‐ 17β in 5% CO2 and over 99% humidity for 24 h. After 24 h co‐incubation with post‐thaw sperm, the presumed zygotes were cultured in CR1aa medium with 4 mg/ml BSA for 3 days and then changed CR1aa medium with 10% of FBS for another 3 4 days. The Mean number of aspirated follicles and collected oocytes were not significantly different between Hanwoo and Holstein spacies (10.4±0.42 vs. 11.4±0.41 and 7.5±0.38 vs. 6.1±0.37 per session). But the collection rate of oocytes from aspirated follicles were significantly higher in Hanwoo (72.8%) than that in Holstein (53.6%) (p< 0.05). Furthermore, the average number of good quality oocytes (Grade I and II) was 5.9±0.28 and 4.1±0.27 (Mean±SD), and the cleavage rate and the development rate to blastocysts was significantly (p<0.05) higher in Hanwoo (40.0%) than Holstein (21.6%). The OPU derived embryos of Hanwoo were transferred 83 times into 52 recipients and then 42 calves were produced from 44 pregnancy recipients. In conclusion, the efficiency of OPU derived embryo was significantly different between Hanwoo and Holstein species. In vitro culture system for OPU derived embryo production should be optimized for industrialization and the improvement of livestock.

Effects of Pilger Rolling and Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Ag-electroplated 304 Stainless Steel Tubes

Hyun Park,Woo‑Jin Lee,Jae‑Han Son,Han‑Kyun Shin,Sung‑Kyu Hong,Hyo‑Jong Lee 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.8

We introduce a cost-effective method that combines electroplating with metal cold working processes to manufacture compositetubes with robust corrosion resistance. First, a 3-step electroplating process was developed to form an adhesive anduniform Ag coating on the outer wall of a 304 stainless steel tube. The process consisted of a Ni-strike step for removing thepassivation layer of the initial 304 tube, Cu deposition for smoothing the surface by adding a buffer layer, and Ag deposition. To reinforce the interfacial adhesion between the electroplated layers and the 304 tube and increase the area of the Ag coating,a pilger rolling or pilger rolling + heat-treatment process was performed after the Ag electroplating process. Scanningelectron microscopy of the composite tubes after each process indicated that the as-deposited Ag coating changed fromhaving a rough to smooth surface after only pilger rolling and with additional heat treatment. Electron backscatter diffractionanalysis of the microstructures and textures of the tubes revealed that dynamic recrystallization occurred extensively duringpilger rolling, resulting in the formation of a relatively defect-free grain structure without heat treatment. Furthermore,electrochemical polarization curves determined that the Ag-coated composite tubes are superior to the uncoated 304 tubein terms of corrosion resistance under Cl−atmosphere, owing to the formation of a AgCl passivation layer during testing. Surface analysis of the composite tubes suggests that the properties of the AgCl passivation layer are related to the grainsize of the Ag coating and the density of plastic-deformation-induced defects.

Application of Artificial Insemination Technology for Dairy Breeding in Mongolia

Hyun‐Tae Jo,Jong‐In Jin,Seong‐Su Kim,Byung‐Hyun Choi,Tumor Baldan,Jung‐Gyu Lee,Yun‐Shik Kim,Sam‐Churl Kim,Il‐Keun Kong 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2011 발생공학 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1

This study was focused on improvement of milk production in Mongolia dairy industry by artificial insemination (AI) technology, of which was supported from ODA project of KOICA in Republic of Korea. The study was started from January 2009 to present and 3rd years in this year. So, all data, especially synchronization and pregnancy of dairy cows (Holstein) will be summarized in final result in this year. For synchronization, total 81 dairy cows selected from 4 private farms that were 38, 30, 8 and 5 in Undarmal milk, Onjin (Enkhbayer), Jargalant, and BRM School, respectively. All the dairy cows were injected intramuscular (IM) of 5 ml PGF2α in the vulva and detected estrus 2 to 3 days after PGF2α injection. Total 78 out of 81 dairy cows (96.3%) were detected estrus by only 1 time injection of PGF2α. The dairy cows that were induced estrus, inseminated with 0.5 ml dairy frozen semen by conventional AI techniques. The pregnancy diagnosis of the AI dairy cows was detected by uterus palpation after 60 days of insemination. Total 75 from 78 inseminated dairy cows (90.1%) were diagnosis pregnant. The estrus induction and pregnant rate were very effective using PGF2α injection and conventional AI techniques in Mongolia dairy cow. The results indicated that AI after estrus induction in Mongolia dairy cows could be applied to dairy breeding technology to improve the breeding efficiency and milk production.

麻黃의 사람 비점막 섬유아세포 monocyte chemotactic protein 중 MCP - 1 , MCP - 2 , 및 MCP - 3 분비에 대한 효과

김현미,이향숙,김정선,조정제,유영천,안현종,최훈,임강현 대한본초학회 2002 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.17 No.1

Recent reports have proposed that Ephedrae Herba may modulate the immune response on allergy or asthma. Human nasal mucosal fibroblasts are a rich source cytokines, inflammatory mediators, and chemokines. Chemokines are important for the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of infection, which is essential in host defense. Objectives : The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Ephedrae Herba on the release of the chemokines such as monocyte chemotactic protein(MCP)-1, MCP-2, and MCP-3 in human nasal mucosal fibroblasts after stimulation with cytokines like tumor necrosis factor -α(TNF-α), interferon-γ(IFN-γ), and interleukin -1β(IL-1β).

3,1운동 표상의 문화정치학: 해방기~대한민국 건국기의 3,1운동 표상을 중심으로

정종현 ( Jong Hyun Jung ) 한민족문화학회 2007 한민족문화연구 Vol.23 No.-

근대 한국민족의 탄생에 결정적인 영향을 준 사건인 3·1운동은 해방기 새로운 민족국가(nation) 형성에 대한 각 정파의 구상에 따라 다르게 담론화되었고, 그 표상 또한 상이하였다. 우파는 3·1운동을 민족저항사의 정점으로 하는 우파적 민족주의 내러티브를 주조하였다. 박종화의 민족 , 청춘승리 등은 그 좋은 사례인데, 이 소설들을 통해서 동학, 독립협회, 3·1운동, 광주학생운동으로 이어지는 민족저항사가 서사화된다. 이 과정에서 이승만을 중심으로 하는 단독정부 수립이라는 우파 민족주의 이데올로기가 정당화되고 있다. 한편 좌파는 안회남의 「농민의 비애」, 「폭풍의 역사」등의 소설을 통해서 확인할 수 있듯이, 3·1운동 의 주도세력을 농민, 노동자 등의 계급적 주체로 규정하며 `민족`이라는 동일자를 계급적 범주에 기반하여 재편하고 있다. 이는 이후 북한의 3·1운동 표상으로 이어진다. 1948년 대한민국이 건국되면서 단독정부 수립파가 만들었던 3·1운동 표상이 확대 재생산되면서 통일적인 표상체계를 갖추어 나가게 된다. 3·1정신은 계급과 성별을 떠난 민족 전체의 총의를 모았던 탈이념적 민족공동체의 정신으로 소환된다. 또한, 이전의 이데올로기적 균열을 봉합하는 기호로서 `유관순`이라는 `聖`처녀가 이 표상체계의 중심으로 대두한다. The March 1st Movement has been regarded as the largest national resistance movement during Japanese Imperialism which made a profound impact on the birth of modern Korean nationalism. In the era of liberation, a range of political factions made this movement into different discourses in which the representations also varied accordingly. That is, the two kinds of representations and narratives that came from the right wing groups and the left wing groups differed and further more competed against each other in the process of conceiving and constructing `we(nation-state)`. Rightists coined the narratives of rightist nationalism in which the March 1st Movement was represented as a peak point in the history of national resistance. Such narratives include novels like Park Jong-Hwa`s Min-Jok and Chung-Chun-Seung-Ri where a stream of Donghak, Dongniphyeophwoi, the March 1st movement and Gwangju haksang undong became a consistent narrative containing a whole history of national resistance movement. Especially it is notable that the rightist nationalism ideology was being justified in these narratives, by supporting the establishment of a separate government in South Korea by Lee Seung-Man. In contrast, the leftists tried to reorganize the term, `nation` based on the class category by identifying the leading forces of the March 1st Movement as the class subjects including farmers and working class. Their view points led to the representations of the movement in North Korea. Novels like Ahn Hee-Nam`s Sorrow of Farmers and History of Storms embodied such perspective. From 1948 when Daehanminguk was established, the representations that rightists, especially the group supporting a separate government, had composed, gradually developed into a steady and whole representational system. The spirit of the March 1st Movement in the first Constitution was summoned as the essence of a national community which was beyond any ideologies and stood for the whole nation regardless of classes and genders. In addition, Yu Gwan Soon, a saint virgin, emerged as a sign seaming former ideological fissures. In this regards, it is thought that the representations of the March 1st Movement can be key codes which make us decode the complicated contexts in which both Koreas constructed their separate societies depending on their own historical backgrounds.

조혈모세포이식 환자에서 침습성 진균 감염에 대한 Micafungin의 예방 효과 및 안전성

김시현,이동건,최수미,권재철,박선희,최정현,유진홍,이성은,조병식,김유진,이석,김희제,민창기,조석구,김동욱,이종욱,민우성,박종원 대한감염학회 2010 감염과 화학요법 Vol.42 No.3

Background: Micafungin, a potent inhibitor of 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase, is a novel antifungal agent of the echinocandin class. In vitro study showed that micafungin was effective against Aspergillus species as well as Candida species, but clinical data on the prophylactic efficacy against invasive fungal infections (IFIs) other than candidiasis are still lacking. Materials and Methods: We identified 60 consecutive adult hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients who received at least 3 doses of micafungin during neutropenic period. Micafungin was started as an alternative in patients who were intolerant or had adverse events (AEs) to primary prophylactic antifungal agents. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and analyzed the efficacy and safety of micafungin for prophylaxis against IFIs. Results: The patients either had autologous (n=9) or allogeneic (n=51: 1 syngeneic, 24 sibling, 26 unrelated donor) HSCT. Itraconazole oral solution (n=58) was the most frequently used first line antifungal agent for prophylaxis and was administered for median 11 days. The most frequent cause of switch to micafungin was vomiting (n=42). The duration of neutropenia and micafungin administration was median 13 and 12 days, respectively. A successful outcome was achieved in 45 (75%) patients. Empirical antifungal therapy was initiated in 13 (22%) patients. There were 2 cases (3.3%) of breakthrough fungal infections which comprised a probable invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and a possible invasive fungal sinusitis. There was no case of invasive candidiasis. A total of 53 (88%) patients experienced at least one AE regardless of causality during micafungin administration. The most frequent AEs were hypokalemia, vomiting, diarrhea, and elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase. Among the aforementioned AEs, only 1 case of diarrhea could be classified as a probable relation with micafungin when causality was assessed. There was no AEs that caused discontinuation of micafungin. Conclusions: Micafungin seems to be a safe and effective agent for prophylaxis of IFIs including aspergillosis as well as candidiasis in HSCT recipients. However, further large, prospective, and randomized comparative studies are warranted for aspergillosis.

일본제국대학(日本帝國大學)의 조선유학생(朝鮮留學生) 연구(硏究)(1) -경도제국대학(京都帝國大學) 조선유학생의 현황, 사회경제적 출신 배경, 졸업 후 경력을 중심으로

정종현 ( Jong Hyun Jeong ),( Mizuno Naoki ) 성균관대학교 대동문화연구원 2012 大東文化硏究 Vol.80 No.-

이 글은 개교(1897) 이래 1945년 8월 15일까지 교토제국대학의 조선인 유학생 졸업자 236명의 명단을 추출하고 그들의 학부별 현황, 사회경제적 배경 및 출신고 교, 졸업 이후 식민지 사회에서의 사회적 경력과 해방 이후 남북한에서의 사회적 역 할 등을 다양한 자료를 통해 정리하여 목록화하고 해제한 연구이다. 1년 동안 교토 대학 방문 연구를 통해 수행된 본 연구의 목록은 교토제국대학이 발간한 공식자료 와 당대 조선 유학생들이 생성한 자료, 해방 이후 재일조선인사회의 교토대학 출신 들이 남긴 자료, 아직 생존해 있는 교토제국대학 출신의 백종원(白宗元)(1948, 경제학부졸(經濟學部卒)), 강상균(姜祥均)(1950, 법학부졸(法學部卒)) 두 졸업생과의 인터뷰를 통해 구성한 구술자료 및 다양한 회고록과 고등문관시험 합격자의 총독부 신원조회, 조선총독부 직원록, 각종 인명사전 등을 기반으로 하여 작성되었다. 이들 자료의 분석을 통해 식민지 유력자 집단의 교육을 통한 재생산의 실상을 확인할 수 있었으며, 졸업 이후 제국대학 출신 자들의 사회적 경력이 대부분 관료로 이어지고 있는 점을 논증함으로써 식민지 권력과 제국대학 출신 지식인 집단의 밀월관계를 확인할 수 있었다. 동시에 그들의 의 식이 제국대학 출신의 특권의식과 피식민지인으로서의 분노 사이에서 균열되며 식 민지 권력과 불화하는 측면을 확인할 수 있었다. 전체적인 이력의 조사를 통해서 식 민지 및 남북한 사회의 제영역에서 그들이 사회적 중추를 형성하고 있다는 점을 논증할 수 있었다. 본 연구를 향후 여타 제국대학으로 확장하여 제국대학의 조선인 유학생 전모를 파악하는 것이 향후의 과제이다. The purpose of this study was to examine Korean students who studied at Kyoto University in Japan. A list of 236 Korean students who graduated from that university since its foundation in 1897 till August 15, 1945, was obtained, and a wide variety of materials were analyzed to investigate the state of their departments, their socioeconomic background, alma mater, social career in the colony after graduation and social roles in South or North Korea after the liberation of the nation to prepare their bibliographical notes. The bibliography was prepared by visiting the university for a year and based on the official data released by the university, data provided by contemporary Korean students studying there, and data offered after the liberation of the nation by Korean residents in Japan who graduated from that university. And additional data were utilized: oral statements of two graduates from that university, various memoirs and biographical dictionaries. Two graduates who were still alive were interviewed to obtain their oral statements. One was Baek Jong-won who graduated in 1948 from the college of economics, and the other was Kang Sang-kyun who graduated in 1950 from the college of laws. Besides, a relevant organization was asked to confirm the successful applicants for the higher civil official examination administered by the then government-general, and the staff list of the Joseon government-general was consulted as well. The analysis of these data made it possible to check how contemporary influential people continued to be produced through education in the colony, and it showed that as for the social career of the graduates of Kyoto University, most of them became bureaucrats, which indicated the honeymoon relationship between contemporary power of the colony and the intellectuals who graduated from that university. At the same time, it``s found that they were torn between the sense of privilege as graduates of Kyoto university and wrath as colonials, which implied that they were in conflicts with contemporary power. As a result of analyzing their entire career, it``s found that they were leading figures not only during the Japanese occupation but in every field of South Korea and North Korea. In the future, it``s required to examine Korean students at other Japanese universities during the Japanese occupation to offer an overview of their life and career.

관상동맥질환의 중증도와 혈중지질치 및 아포지단백과의 상관관계

임현주,황종현,류재근,정병천,조용근,채성철,전재은,박의현 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1997 慶北醫大誌 Vol.38 No.1

목적 : 관상동맥질환의 위험인자로서 혈청지질 및 혈장 지단백에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있고 또 아포지단백이 관상동맥 질환을 일으키는데 다른 지질보다 더 중요하다는 연구가 많이 발표되고 있으나 우리나라에서는 아포지단백에 대한 연구가 그리 많지 않은 편이다. 이에 저자등은 혈중지질치와 새로운 위험인자로 알려지고 있는 아포지단백치를 측정하고 이들과 관상동맥질환 중증도와의 상관 관계를 알아보았다. 대상 및 방법 : 관상동맥질환이 의심되어 관상동맥조영술을 실시한 69명의 환자를 대상으로 하였으며 12시간 이상 공복후 혈청을 채취하여 총콜레스테롤, 중성지방, HDL-콜레스테롤, 아포지단백 AI (ape AI), 아포지단백 B (ape B)를 측정하였다. 관상동맥조영상 50%이상의 협착이 있는 혈관의 수 (lesion number), 최대협착을 합한 값 (lesion score), 각 분절의 최대협착을 합한 값 (total score), 가장 심한 협착 값 (peak stenosis) 등으로 관상동맥 중증도를 알아본 다음 이들과 혈청지질치, 아포지단백과의 상관 관계를 비교해 보았다. 상관 관계는 Spearman's correlation coefficient를 구하였다. 결과 : 관상동맥질환의 중증도와 각 지질치 간의 상관 관계를 비교해 보았을때 lesion number와 관계있는 것은 연령 (r=0.2789), 중성지방치 (r=0.2829)이며 lesion score와 관계있는 것은 연령(r=0.2911), 중성지방치0 (r=0.3316), 총콜레스테롤과 HDL-콜레스테롤의 비 (r=0.2361), apo B 치(r=0.2759), apo AI과 apo B의 비 (-0.3154)로 나타났다. Total score는 연령 (r=0.3100), 총콜레스테롤치 (r=0.2452), 중성지방치 (r=0.3022), 총콜레스테롤과 HDL-콜레스테롤의 비 (r=0.2770), apo B치 (r=0.2927), apo AI과 apo B의 비 (r=-0.3408)와 연관이 있었고 peak stenosis는 중성지방 치(r=0.3305), ape B 치 (r=0.2968), apo AI과 apo B의 비 (r=-0.3977)와 관계가 있었다. 연령으로 조정하여 partial correlation을 좌면, 관상동맥조영술상 중증도는 중성지방치 (r=0.3408), apo B 치(r=0.2877), apo AI과 apo B의 비 (r=-0.3460)와 유의한 상관 관계가 있었다. 이중 ape AI과 ape B의 비는 lesion score (r=-0.2640), total score (r=-0.3057), peak stenosis (r=-0.3460)와 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 결론 : 이상의 결과로 보아 apo B치 그리고 apo AI과 apo B의 비가 관상동맥 중증도의 예견인자로 다른 혈중 지질 치보다 더 유용하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. Objectives : Recently, it was reported that the measurements of apolipoprotein levels may be valuable in the clinical assessment of coronary artery disease severity. However there are a few reports regarding to the relationship between coronary artery disease severity and apolipoprotein levels in Korea. Thus, we measured serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels and studied the relationship between coronary artery disease severity and serum lipids and apolipoproteins levels. Subjects and Methods : The 69 patients who underwent coronary angiography to evaluate chest pain were subjected to this study. We measured the levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein AI(apo AI) and apolipoprotein B(Apo B) and measured the severity of coronary artery disease by lesion number, lesion score, total score and peak stenosis. Then, we studied the relationship between coronary artery disease severity and apolipoproteins and calculated the correlation coefficient. Results : The results were as follows. There are significant correlation(r=0.3) between age, triglycerides, apo B levels, apo AI/B ratio and coronary artery disease severity. In controlling for age, tyiglycerides, apo B levels and apo AI/B ratio shows significant correlation(r=0.3) with coronary artery disease severity. Especially, apo AI/B ratio shows significant correlation(r=0.3) with lesion number, total score and peak stenosis. Conclusion : These results suggest that the apo B levels and the ratio of apo AI/B can be used as significant independent predictor for coronary artery disease severity rather than other serum lipid levels.

아미노글리코사이드 사용제한에 따른 병원성 균혈증 유발 그람음성간균의 내성변화 및 임상적 의의

오종택,김신우,손종원,도병훈,한승우,신병철,박지현,이종명,김능수 대한감염학회 2003 감염과 화학요법 Vol.35 No.4

목적 : 항균제 오남용으로 인한 내성균의 출현, 약물부작용의 발생 및 약제 비용의 증가는 환자 개인뿐만 아니라 사회적으로 문제가 되고 있다. 본 연구는 항생제의 오남용을 막기 위한 제도의 일환으로 시행한 아미노글리코사이드 사용 제한정책의 비용 효과적인 측면을 조사하고 그람음성간균에 의해 병원성 균혈증이 발생한 환자들을 대상으로 이 정책이 항생제 내성률과 환자 사망률에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 방법 : 930병상 규모의 3차 병원인 일개 대학병원에서 아미노글리코사이드 사용제한정책이 시행된 직후인 2002년 3월에서 9월 사이에 그람음성간균(Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Serratia marcescens, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Burkholderia cepacia)에 의해 발생한 병원성 균혈증 환자 60명(실험군)과, 이 정책이 시행되기 전에 입원한 환자들 중 균주별로 같은 수만큼 선별한 병원성 균혈증 환자 60명(대조군)의 의무기록을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결과 : 아미노글리코사이드 사용제한정책이 시행된 시기인 2002년 3월에서 9월 사이에 처방된 아미노글리코사이드 사용량 및 비용을 이 정책이 시행되기 전인 2001년 3월에서 9월 사이와 비교한 결과, 아미노글리코사이드의 사용량(antimicrobial utilization density)은 사용제한 후 225.2에서 130.3으로 42% 감소하였고 약제 비용은 44% 감소하였다. 아미노글리코사이드 사용제한 후 병원성 균혈증을 유발한 그람 음성간균의 이 항생제에 대한 내성률은 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았으며 균혈증과 직접 연관된 사망률도 환자의 나이, 성별, 기저질환 및 원발병소 등을 보정할 경우 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(40.4% vs. 24.1%, P=0.11). 결론 : 아미노글리코사이드를 5일을 초과한 사용 시 감염전문가의 사전 승인을 필요로 하는 사용제한정책은 아미노글리코사이드의 사용량과 비용을 유의하게 감소시켰다. 또한 이 정책 시행 후 그람음성간균에 의한 균혈증 환자에서 균혈증으로 인한 사망률과 아미노글리코사이드에 대한 내성률은 유의한 차이가 없었다. Objective : To evaluate the effects of an aminoglycoside restriction policy on expenditures for aminoglycosides, antimicrobial resistance rates and clinical outcome of nosocomial bacteremia caused by Gram-negative bacilli (GNB). Methods : Starting in February, 2002, a prior consultation with an infectious disease specialist for using aminoglycoside antibiotics over 5 days was required in a 930-bed university hospital. In retrospective analysis of medical records 7 months after initiation of the aminoglycoside restriction policy, sixty cases of clinically relevant nosocomial bacteremia caused by GNB were found. These bacteremic patients were compared with sixty, species-matched, control patients with nosocomial Gramnegative bacteremia before the policy for total expenditures for aminoglycosides, susceptibility to antibiotics and clinical outcomes of bacteremia. Results : During the same period of 7 months before and after the restriction policy, total expenditures for aminoglycosides decreased by 44% in cost (from 465,030,841 Won to 259,618,337 Won) and the antimicrobial utilization density of aminoglycosides decreased by 42% (from 225,2 to 130.3). On the other hand, the patterns of antibiotic susceptibility and bacteremia-related in-hospital mortality rates after the policy did not show a significant change, compared with those before the policy. Conclusion : Antibiotic restrictions are among the most popular methods to diminish the practice of antibiotic overuse in hospitals. In this study, requirement for prior approval of aminoglycoside use over 5 days led to a significant decrease in the amount and cost of total aminoglycosides without a significant change in susceptibility patterns and bacteremia-related mortality rates.

A Hybrid Approach to English Verb Phrase Ellipsis

Hahm Hyun?Jong 새한영어영문학회 2010 새한영어영문학 Vol.52 No.2

Verb Phrase Ellipsis (VPE, hereafter) is a complex phenomenon where a verb phrase (VP) constituent does not appear under some kind of identity with another VP in the discourse (Potsdam 1997: 353). This research gives an analysis of VPE in English finite clauses. The various circumstances of VPE are permitted in systematic ways. I mainly adopt the analyses given by Lasnik (1995, 1999) in the hybrid lexical properties towards main verbs versus auxiliary verbs and Kim (1998, 2000) in different lexical types of the negative word not. The analysis of this paper is given in the generative framework. This paper accounts for VPE in English finite clauses under the following claims. First, main verbs in English are bare in the lexicon while auxiliary verbs have and be are fully inflected, following Lasnik’s (1995, 1999) theory. Second, VPE is permitted when it shows morphological identity between the target VPs and their antecedents; and the elided target VPs are c-commanded by T. Unlike Lasnik’s theory, the stranded affix filter is not supported in this paper. Third, the English negated word not is analyzed as either the head of NegP, which takes TP as a complement phrase, or an adverb adjoining to V’ or Asp’, following Kim’s (1998) analysis in the non-transformational approach. Unlike the Neg head not, the negated word not, including any other adverbs, cannot be stranded due to their semantic interpretation. The apparently complicated VPE phenomenon is analyzed systematically by the different lexical properties of the words in the syntactic phrase structures.