위장관계 악성종양에서 CA 125 측정의 의미

장우익 ( Jang U Ig ),안강현 ( An Gang Hyeon ),이종인 ( Lee Jong In ),김현수 ( Kim Hyeon Su ),김효열 ( Kim Hyo Yeol ),김수경 ( Kim Su Gyeong ),이동기 ( Lee Dong Gi ),배선우 ( Bae Seon U ),심영학 ( Sim Yeong Hag ),강명서 ( Kang Myeo 대한내과학회 1993 대한내과학회지 Vol.44 No.4

연구배경 : 종양표지자는 암외 진단, 임상적 병기구분 및 치료효과 판정에 유용하며, 위장관암에서 alphafetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, CA 19-9, 및 CA 72-4 등이 중요한 지표로 사용되고 있으나 위암의 경우, 현재까지 만족할 만한 유용성을 가진 종양표지자는 없는 실정이다. 저자등은 위암에 대한 새로운 종양표지자로 CA 125의 역할을 규명하고자 위암을 비롯한 각종 위장관암에서 CA 125와 기존의 종양표지자와의 유용성을 검토하였다. 방법 : 대상은 위장관 악성종양 181예, 위장관 양성질환자 55예를 대상으로 하였으며 CA 72-4는 CIS ELSA CA 72-4 RIA kit, CA 19-9는 Abbott CA 19-9 RIA kit, CEA는 Abbott CEA kit, CA 125는 Centocor CA 125 RIA kit를 사용하여 측정하였으며, 각각의 정상치 한계는 4 U/ml, 37 U/ml, 5ng/ml그리고 35 U/ml로 하였다. 결과 : 1) CA 125는 양성 소화기 질환에서 93%의 높은 특이도를 보였으나 복수가 있는 간경변증의 경우 거의 전예에서 혈중 CA 125값이 증가하여 악성종양군과 감별이 어려웠다. 2) CA 125는 위암에서 민감도가 36%로 CA 72-4와 차이가 없었다. 3) CA 125는 췌담도암에 대한 민감도가 55%로 CA 19-9의 85%에 비해 낮았으며 두 종양표지자를 병합하여 사용한 경우 민감도의 증가(95%)를 볼 수 있었다. 4) 23예의 조기위암 환자에서 CA 125의 민감도는 9%로 낮았다. 5) Conventional image study 상으로 인지되지 않은 복강내 암종증 환자에 대한 CA 125의 민감도는 36%였다. 결론 : CA 125는 위암에서 기존의 종양표지자인 CA 72-4와 유용성의 차이를 보이지 않았으며 전이성 위암에서 높은 민감도를 나타내었다. 혈중 CA 125의 증가는 위장관의 악성 및 양성질환에 관계없이 복수의 유무와 밀접한 연관관계를 가지는 것으로 사료되며 통상적인 영상 진단법상으로 인지되지 않은 복강내 암종중의 예견에 있어서는 유용하지 않을 것으로 생각된다. Background: Detection of tumor markers could offer an accessible method for screening risk groups in order to achieve an early diagnosis of cansers, to contribute to and adequate staging, and to help evaluate effects of therapy. CA 125 is an antigenic determinant defined by murine monoclonal antibody OC 125, and synthesized by coelomic epithelial derivatives such as Mullerian epithelium and mesothelial tissues. CA 125 is regarded as useful tumor marker for non-musinous epithelial ovarian tumors. So we investigated whether CA 125 is reliable tumor marker for gastrointestinal malignancies and especially for detection of intraperitoneal carcinomatosis unrecognized by conventional imaging studies. And we compared CA 125 with other conventional tumor markers in the serodiagnosis of gastrointestinal malignancies. Methods: Serum CA 72-4, CA 19-9, CA 125 and CEA were determined radioimmunologically with monoclonal antibodies. A cut-off value of 4 U/ml, 37 U/ml, 35 U/ml and 5 mg/ml were used respectively. Results: The results are summarized as follows. 1) CA 125 had high specificity (93%) for benign gastrointestinal disease but was not useful to differetiate malignant ascites and benign ascites. 2) In gastric carcinoma, the sensitivity of CA 125 (36%) was not so different to that of CA 72-4(36%). 3) In pancreatobiliary carcinoma, the sensitivity of CA 125(55%) was inferior than that of CA 19-9 (85%), but combined use of these two tumor markers increases sensitivitu(95%) for the diagnosis. 4) The sensitivities of CA 125 for 23 early gastric cancer was 9%. 5) The sensitivities of CA 125 for the intraperitoneal carcinomatosis that was not recognized by conventional imaging studies was 36%. Conclustion: Our data indicates that CA 125 is not better in the serodiagnosis of gastrointestinal malignancies than other conventional tumor markers, and CA 125 has a little predictive value in the diagnosis of intraperitoneal carcinomatosis unrecognized by the conventional imaging studies. Serum CA 125 elevation in benign or malignant diseases closely correlated with the presence of ascites.

커튼월 스팬드럴용 BIPV창호의 온도 및 열파괴 가능성 연구

윤종호(Yoon Jong-Ho),오명환(Oh Myung-Hwan),신우철(Shin U-Cheol) 대한건축학회 2012 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.28 No.2

This research investigated the characteristics of glazing temperature and possibility of thermal shock of BIPV windows installed in the spandrel area of the curtain-wall system. The reasons for the thermal shock can be divided into two possible cases such as the degradation of the flexural behavior and thermal failure, which are closely related to glazing surface temperature. Surface temperature is greatly affected by solar heat gain coefficient(SHGC) and the composition of the internal finishing materials at the spandrel. Therefore, analysis of the effect on flexural behavior and thermal shock on the basis of glazing surface temperature characteristics is performed depending on the variation of SHGC and composition of finishing materials. Results reveal that low SHGC glazing and appropriated finishing compositions which are wide air space and high reflectance, high U-value are getting lower temperature. For these reasons, it is suggested that applying the BIPV windows and composition of finishing materials optimized by the results above is an effective way to avoid the thermal shock.

위장관암 환자에서 혈청 CA 72-4, CA 19-9 및 CEA의 진단적 의의

장우익 ( Jang U Ig ),김철한 ( Kim Cheol Han ),김현수 ( Kim Hyeon Su ),이종인 ( Lee Jong In ),이동기 ( Lee Dong Gi ),권상옥 ( Kwon Sang Og ),심영학 ( Sim Yeong Hag ),김대성 ( Kim Dae Seong ),윤갑준 ( Yun Gab Jun ),장세진 ( Jang Se 대한내과학회 1992 대한내과학회지 Vol.42 No.6

연구배경 : 종양표지자는 암의 조기진단, 임상적 병기 구분 및 치료효과 판정에 사용될 수 있다. 위장관암에서 alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen 및 CA 19-9가 중요한 종양표지자로 사용되고 있으나 위암에 대한 적당한 종양표지자가 없는 실정이다. 이에 저자등은 위암에 대한 새로운 종양표지자로 CA 72-4의 역할을 규명하고자 위암을 비롯한 각종 위장관암에서 CA 19-9 및 CEA를 동시 측정하여 비교하였다. 방법 : 대상은 위장관 악성종양환자 273예, 위장관 양성질환자 215예 및 정상대조군 93명이었으며, CA 72-4는 CIS ELSA CA 72-4 RIA kit, CA 19-9는 Abbott CA 19-9 RIA kit 그리고 CEA는 Abbott CEA RIA kit를 이용하여 측정하였으며, 각각의 정상 상한치는 4 U/ml, 37U/ml 그리고 5ng/ml로 하였고 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 결과 : 1) CA 72-4, CA 19-9 및 CEA의 평균치는 악성종양군에서 정상대조군이나 양성질환군보다 높았다(p<0.05). 2) CA 72-4는 장기별 양성질환에서 95~100%의 높은 특이도를 보였으나 CA 19-9는 담도질환에서 54%, CEA는 간장질환에서 63%로 CA 72-4에 비해 낮은 특이도를 보였다. (p<0.05). 3) CA 72-4는 위암에서 민감도가 49%로 CEA(31%) 및 CA 19-9(31%)보다 높았다(p<0.05). 4) CA 72-4는 췌장암 및 담도암에서 민감도가 각각 43%, 44%로서 CA 19-9(각각 79%, 87%)보다 낮았으며 (p<0.05), 대장암에서도 35%로 CEA(74%)보다 매우 낮았다(p<0.05). 5) 8예의 조기위암환자 전예에서 CA 72-4를 비롯한 CA 19-9 및 CEA가 모두 음성이었다. 6) 위암에서 림프절 전이 유무에 따른 CA 72-4의 차이는 없었으나, 원격 전이가 없는 환자군(10%)에 비해 원격전이군(77%)에서 현저하게 높은 양성률을 보였다(p<0.05). 7) 위암의 병기별 CA 72-4의 분포는 4병기에서 83%로 1병기(7%), 2병기(8%) 및 3병기(13%)보다 현저히 높았다(P<0.05). 8) 근치적 위절제술을 시행한 5예의 위암환자에서 수술후 CA 72-4치가 정상 상한치 이하로 감소하였고 항암 약물요법에 반응을 보였던 4예의 진행성 위암환자에서도 약물치료후 현저한 감소가 있었다. 9) CA 72-4는 전이성 대장암 및 췌장암에서 국소 및 국소진행성 대장암 및 췌장암에 비해 현저히 높은 양성률을 보였다. 10) 위암환자에서 CA 72-4와 CA 19-9 또는 CA 72-4와 CEA사이의 상관관계는 없었다. 결론 : 이상과 같이 CA 72-4는 위암에서 CA 19-9 및 CEA 보다 높은 민감도를 보였으며 특히 4병기 위암에서 현저히 높은 민감도를 보이는바 CA 72-4가 양성인 경우 치료방침을 결정하는데 신중한 고려가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 또한 CA 72-4는 위암에서 수술 혹은 항암 약물 요법의 치료 monitoring에 적절히 사용될 수 있는 종양 표지자로 생각된다. 또한 각종 위장관 질환에서 CA 72-4는 기존의 종양표지자에 비해 높은 특이도를 보이는바 CA 72-4가 양성인 경우 항상 악성종양의 가능성을 고려하여야 한다. Background: Detection of tumor markers could offer an accessible method for screening risk groups in order to achieve an early diagnosis of cancers, to contribute to an adequate staging, and to help evaluate effects of therapy. Alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen and CA 19-9 are regarded as valuable tumor markers for gastrointestinal cancers. But in spite of the high incidence of gastric cancer in Korea, ideal tumor markers for gastric ancer have proved unrelible. So we investigated whether new tumor marker CA 72-4 is a reliable tumor marker for gastric cancer. And we compared CA 72-4 with CA 19-9 and CEA in the serodiagnosis of gastrointestinal cancers. Methods: Serum CA 72-4, CA 19-9 and CEA were determined radioimmunologically with monoclonal antibodies. A cut-off value of 4 U/ml, 37 U/ml and 5 ng/ml were used, respectively. Results: The results are summarized as follows. 1) The mean value of 72-4, CA 19-9 and CEA in malignant diseases were significantly higher than those of the benign digestive diseases (p<0.05). 2) CA 72-4 had high specificity ranged from 95%-100% in benign digestive disease groups but CA 19-9 (54%) had lower specificity in cholelithiasis(p<0.05) and CEA (63%) in benign liver diseases (p < 0.05). 3) In gastric carcinoma, the sensitivity of CA 72-4 (49%) was higher than that of CA 19-9 (31%, p<0.05) and CEA (31%, p<0.05). 4) The sensitivities of CA 72-4 was inferior to CA 19 -9 in pancreatic cancer (43% versus 79%, p<0.05) and in bile duct cancer (44% versus 87%, p<0.05) and to CEA in colon cancer (35% versus 749& p<0.05). 5) Eight of 45 resected gastric carcinoma patients had TI lesion (early gastric cancer), and CA 72-4, CA 19-9 and CEA were demonstrated all negative results for early gastric cancer. 6) In gastric carcinoma, there was no correlation between CA 72-4 positivity and occurrence of lymph node metastasis but significant difference of CA 72-4 positivity was observed between those with distant metastasis and those without metastasis(p<0.05). 7) The positive ratings in stages Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ gastric carcinoma were 7% (1 of 14 patients), 8% (1 of 12 patients), 13% (2 of 16 patients), and 83% (24 of 29 patients) respectively and significant higher CA 12-4 positivity was observed in stage IV gastric carcinoma (p<0.05). 8) Elevated levels of serum CA 72-4 decreased to below the cut-off value after radical gastric resection in five patients with resectable gastric carcinoma and decreased also after chemotherapy in four patients with chemo-responsive metastatic gastric carcinoma. 9) Comparing with local or locally advanced colon cancer and pancreatic cancer, high positivity of CA 72-4 was observed in metastatic colon cancer and pancreatic cancer. 10) No significant correlation was observed between CA 72-4 and CA 19-9 or between CA 72-4 and CEA in gastric carcinoma. Conclusion: In conclusion, our data indicates that CA 72-4 is a reliable new tumor marker of disease stages and activity in gastric carcinoma. And CA 72-4 had a very high specificity in benign digestive diseases, so that elevated serum levels of CA 72-4 should always be taken seriously.

Stereological Analysis on Migration of Human Neural Stem Cells in the Brain of Rats Bearing Glioma

Kim, Jae-Ho,Lee, Jong-Eun,Kim, Seung U.,Cho, Kyung-Gi Oxford University Press 2010 Neurosurgery Vol.66 No.2

<P>OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the rate and pattern of NSC migration in the brain and its time course after NSC transplantation. METHODS: We investigated the tropism of HB1.F3 (F3) immortalized human NSCs in rats bearing U373 human glioma in the brain. Rats received an injection of human U373MG malignant glioma cells into the striatum followed by an injection of F3 cells into the contralateral hemisphere 7 days later. We analyzed the numbers, distribution, and migration rate of NSCs using unbiased stereology. RESULTS: Approximately 10% of the injected NSCs migrated into the tumor region by 50 minutes after NSC injection. The number of NSCs in the tumor region increased slowly up to 5 days post-injection and increased significantly up to 15 days post-injection. Changes in tumor volume showed similar patterns. The rate of NSC migration was approximately 175 microm/min. NSCs increased in number approximately 1.7-fold during day 1 in the absence of tumor cell inoculation in vivo. However, the proliferation of NSCs began to decline after 5 days after injection. CONCLUSION: We identified for the first time the rate and pattern of NSC migration to the tumor mass in vivo. These findings may provide useful information with respect to preclinical research of gene therapy for malignant gliomas.</P>

Downregulation of GFAP, TSP-1, and p53 in human glioblastoma cell line, U373MG, by IE1 protein from human cytomegalovirus

Lee, Karim,Jeon, Kipyoung,Kim, Jong-Mook,Kim, Vic Narry,Choi, Dong Hee,Kim, Seung U.,Kim, Sunyoung John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Glia Vol.51 No.1

<P>Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a member of the β-herpesvirus family, which has tropism for glial cells. It was recently reported that HCMV might play important roles in the pathogenesis of malignant glioma. In this study, we investigated the effects of the HCMV IE1 protein on the gene expression profile in the human glioblastoma cell line, U373MG by employing cDNA microarray technology. Using DNA chips containing approximately 1,000 human cDNAs, RNA samples from U373MG cells stably expressing IE1 were compared with those from the control cells lacking IE1 cDNA. Fluorescence intensities of 13 genes were significantly decreased in IE1-expressing cells, while one gene was found to be upregulated. Among these 14 genes, we chose to work further on glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), and p53, because of their previously known involvement in tumorigenesis. The mRNA levels of all these genes were found to be decreased in IE1-expressing glioblastoma cells by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) as well as Northern blot analysis. The decreased expression of these genes was also observed at protein levels as measured by immunocytochemistry or fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. Our data strongly suggested that HCMV IE1 could modulate the expression of cellular genes that might play important roles in the pathogenesis of glial tumors. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>

諷刺文學(Satire)小考 : with Reference to Gullivers's Travels Gulliver's Travels를 中心으로

鄭宇湜 호남대학교 1986 호남대학교 학술논문집 Vol.7 No.2

Satire is designed to urge m en to nerrow the disparity between the actual and the ideal and to approach the latter as close as possible. Since it is based on the contrast between reality and ideal, it is requires a clear-cut definition of the ideal state of man a its indispenseble prerequisite. Critics are divided in their opinions with regard to the idear presented in Gulliver's travels. Some of them, representing the view prevalent until the end of the 19th century, assert that houyhahum stands for the highest standard of moral perfection that man should strive after while others argue that he is inadequate as a moral paragon. As satire aims at revealing and attacking the evils existing in the actual world, the problems of recognizing what is the real as contrasted with the ideal is of supreme importance. Travelling among people drastically different from those whom he has been familiar with, Gulliver is provided with opportunities to gain a better understanding of the real situation of mankind. The realization that in viewing himself there can be other standpoints than that which one is accustomed to is an amazing discovery both to gulliver himself and the reader. The object of satire should not be exposed to direct assault but should be attacked indirectly_______through allegory, ridicule or irony, all of which compose the technique of satire. The high- and low-heels and the big-and little-endians in book I of Gulliver's Travels are distingushed examples of allegory. Ridicule, brought about by ignorance of one's real state, is essentially similar to irony, which is based on the disparity between what appears to be and what really is. In book IV of gulliver's travels the ironic mask concealing the author's poignant vituperation and bitter mockery behind the veil of laughter disappers and the author himself steps forth, speaking through the mouth of Gulliver. Thus, gulliver's travels, beginning as satire, approaches tragedy towards the end. The author of this biting satire, too deep and too broad-minded to be restricted within the narrow sphere of satire, at last transcends the comic spirit and overwhelms the reader with his superb tragic vision.

Integration of Expert System and Neural Algorithm for Developing an Optimal Path-Finding System

최종욱,김영수,정윤 한국전문가시스템학회 1994 학술대회 Vol.2 No.1

One of the most important system modules in car navigation system is an optimal path-finding system which enables auto mobile driver to identify possible routes and show the most economical path between content location and destination. The optimal path-finding problem becomes complicated when multiple variables are considered such as physical route length, degree of congestion, traffic capacity of intersections, number of intersections and lanes, and existence of free ways. Therefore, many researchers in various fields (management science, computer science, applied mathematics, production planning, satellite launching) attempted to solve the problem by ignoring many variables far problem simplification, by developing intelligent algorithms, ar by developing high-speed hardware. In this research, an integration of expert system technique and neural network optimization technique was attempted to develop an operational path-finding system. Even though the integration project is still underway, we believe that the system will provide goad results within a reasonable time limit. This belief is based an the test results showing that reasonable optimal path can be found by drastically reducing problem space through applying expert's knowledge and then by optimizing routes in the next level. Even with more than 50 nodes in the city, the system, different from conventional algorithms, finds the best route within one minute, which is a very encouraging result.

감의 脫澁處理中 Pectin 含量과 Texture의 變化

崔鍾旭,孫泰華,鄭信敎,李吉雨,姜峻洙 慶北大學校 1989 論文集 Vol.47 No.-

This experiment was made to investigate the changes of the contents of acetaldehyde, alcohol, tannin, and to study the texture changes of persimmon in relation to the contents of pection during the removal of astringency by CO_2. 1. During the removal of astringency of persimmon fruits, the contents of soluble tannin showed the rapid decrease in high concentration of CO_2, but the contents of ethanol and acetaldehyde showed the rapid increase in all treatments. 2. The contents of W.S.P. increased, but H.S.P. decreased in all treatments. 3. All texture paramenters of persimmon fruits except springness and adhesiveness were decreased druing the removal of astringency. 4. The contents of W.S.P. were good correlated with the changes of hardness in all treatments.

同位元素를 利用한 濟州地域 水資源에 關한 硏究 (第1報)

安鍾成,柳基中,박양문,정창조,柳長杰 제주대학교 방사능이용연구소 1985 연구보고 Vol.1 No.-

濟州市地域의 地下水 資源保護 및 開發을 위하여 1983年度 4, 5, 6月에 海水 3개地域, 湧泉水 3개地點, 地下水 10개地點에서 물試料를 採取하여 陽이온 및 陰이온 그리고 tritium과 deuterium含量을 分析하여 地下水의 水質 및 海水의 地下水로의 浸透如否를 調査하였다. 濟州市 中西部地域 地下水는 tritium含量이 20TU. deuterium이 -46 per mill인 NaHCO₃型 深層地下水이고, 濟州市 南部地域의 湧泉水와 地下水는 tritium含量이 15TU, deuterium이 -39 per mill인 CaHCO₃型 火山性 淺層地下水로서 降水의 영향을 비교적 많이 받는 것으로 나타났다. 濟州市 海岸地域의 地下水는 시기(5, 6月)에 따라서 NaCl型이 된것도 있으나 tritium 및 deuterium水準으로 보다 그 原因은 海水의 浸透現象이 아닌 都市下水에 의한 것으로 추정된다. 龍頭岩 근처의 海水의 水質은 湧泉水에 의하여 영향을 많이 받고 있었다. The investigation was carried out by analyzing water types and measuring the environmental isotopes(tritium and deuterium) for development of water resources and protection of ground waters from sea water intrusion. The water samples were taken monthly from April to June. 1983 from sixteen sites in the Cheju metropolitan area; three seas, three springs, and ten ground waters. The ground water in the midwest area of the city contained 20 TU of tritium and -46 per mill of deuterium, classified as the NaHCO₃type of ground water, generally deep seated. The spring water and ground water in the southern part of the city contained 15 TU of tritium and -39 per mill of deuterium, and appeared to be the CaHCO₃type of shallow ground water, easily affected by precipitation. The results of tritium and deuterium analyses showed that the ground waters in the coastal area were not affected by sea water intrusion, although they changed from NaHCO₃or CaHCO₃type to NaCl type in May and June. It is condluded that the high Na and Cl content in those ground waters might come from municipal sewage. The sea water in the Yong-duam area was influenced by spring water.

현행 중학교 과학 실험·실습교육에 대한 교사들의 견해와 개선방안

이윤종,기우항,김영호,정원우,양승영,강용희,안병호,임성규,윤일희,김중욱,강동진 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 1996 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.20 No.-

The status of facilities, management of the experiment, practices, and Science education teaching method in middle school have been investigated. The present status and reasonable management of middle school science education have been grasped from the questionaires. The results are as follows : The reasonable management for expeiments and practices of science education were scanty in the middle school around the urban and rural schools owing to the shortage of facilities and equipments, crowded class, excessive classes, work for teachers, excessive contents of present textbook and insufficience of administrative support etc. The current teaching method of middle school science has emphasized knowledge. This fact does not satisfy the objective of learning due to lack of teaching method. Desirable directions for the improvement of present status of middle school science education were proposed in this paper.