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Jong-Myon Bae 한국역학회 2017 Epidemiology and Health Vol.39 No.-
The Korea Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (KCDC) has announced a control program against latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI), for a “TB-safe country” this year with the goal of a “TB-free Korea” by 2025. The program includes high school students as one target group; however, some school health teachers and parents have expressed their opposition to this. The 2015 World Health Organization guidelines do not recommend inclusion of asymptomatic high school students in LTBI control programs. Based on this guideline, the KCDC should consider excluding this population from the program.
Jong-Myon Bae 한국역학회 2016 Epidemiology and Health Vol.38 No.-
OBJECTIVES: A common method for conducting a quantitative systematic review (QSR) for observational studies related to nutritional epidemiology is the “highest versus lowest intake” method (HLM), in which only the information concerning the effect size (ES) of the highest category of a food item is collected on the basis of its lowest category. However, in the interval collapsing method (ICM), a method suggested to enable a maximum utilization of all available information, the ES information is collected by collapsing all categories into a single category. This study aimed to compare the ES and summary effect size (SES) between the HLM and ICM. METHODS: A QSR for evaluating the citrus fruit intake and risk of pancreatic cancer and calculating the SES by using the HLM was selected. The ES and SES were estimated by performing a meta-analysis using the fixed-effect model. The directionality and statistical significance of the ES and SES were used as criteria for determining the concordance between the HLM and ICM outcomes. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed in the directionality of SES extracted by using the HLM or ICM. The application of the ICM, which uses a broader information base, yielded more-consistent ES and SES, and narrower confidence intervals than the HLM. CONCLUSIONS: The ICM is advantageous over the HLM owing to its higher statistical accuracy in extracting information for QSR on nutritional epidemiology. The application of the ICM should hence be recommended for future studies.
Survival of Korean Cancer Patients Diagnosed in 1995
Jong-Myon Bae,Young-Joo Won,Kyu-Won Jung,Kyung-Ae Suh,Young-Ho Yun,Myung-Hee Shin,Yoon-Ok Ahn,Duk-Hee Lee,Hai-Rim Shin,Don-Hee Ahn,Dae-Kyu Oh,Jae-Gahb Park 대한암학회 2002 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.34 No.5
Purpose: To produce the nationwide 5-year survivalrates of Korean cancer patients by primary cancer site.Materials and Methods: The study subjects were cancerpatients diagnosed in 1995, as documented by the KoreaCentral Cancer Registry (KCCR) Program. This data wascollected in 120 (93%) of 129 nationwide intern- andresident-training hospitals and 75 (94%) of the 80 Koreanuniversity hospitals. Follow-up was performed by obtaininginformation upon vital status (i.e., whether living ordead) from the government administered whole populationfiles. Cumulative observed survival rate (OSR) wascalculated by using the life table method and the relativesurvival rate (RSR) was computed using the life-time tablefor the years 1995, 1997, and 1999.Results: Of the 55,042 study subjects, the OSR for allKorean cancer patients was 61.4% at 1 year and 38.1%at 5 years. The RSR for all cancers was 62.5% at 1 yearand 41.4% at 5 years, and the 5-year RSRs for all cancersin men and women were 32.6% and 53.2%, respectively.Conclusion: This is the first nationwide report upon5-year cancer survival by primary site in Korea. Menshowed a lower survival rate than women in most malignancies.Pancreatic and thyroid cancer had the lowestand highest 5-year survival rates, respectively. (Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34:319-325)
Jong-Myon Bae 한국역학회 2015 Epidemiology and Health Vol.37 No.-
While the main product of Jeju Island is citrus fruit and the prevalence of atopic dermatitis among the students who live there is relatively high, the incidence of pancreatic cancer is lowest in Korea. Systematic reviews reporting allergic history and intake of citrus fruit as protective factors against pancreatic cancer (PCC) were published in 2005 and 2008, respectively. Although there were discrepancies in the results of the subgroup analyses between case-control and cohort studies, it is necessary to evaluate an interaction effect between allergic history and intake of citrus fruits on PCC risk.
Suggestions for the promotion of evidence-based public health in South Korea
Jong-Myon Bae 한국역학회 2017 Epidemiology and Health Vol.39 No.-
Evidence-based public health (EBPH) is defined as public health decision-making based on current best evidence. Debates about the latent tuberculosis infection control program suggested by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2017 highlight the need to promote EBPH. Three strategies have been proposed, including providing necessary evidence by evaluating policy-evidence gaps; delivering high-quality, relevant, and timely evidence by conducting systematic reviews and adapting public health guidelines; and making value-driven decisions by training and educating public health policymakers.
Jong-Myon Bae 한국역학회 2016 Epidemiology and Health Vol.38 No.-
OBJECTIVES: It is important to control the quality level of the observational studies in conducting meta-analyses. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) is a representative tool used for this purpose. We investigated the relationship between high-quality (HQ) defined using NOS and the results of subgroup analysis according to study design. METHODS: We selected systematic review studies with meta-analysis which performed a quality evaluation on observational studies of diet and cancer by NOS. HQ determinations and the distribution of study designs were examined. Subgroup analyses according to quality level as defined by the NOS were also extracted. Equivalence was evaluated based on the summary effect size (sES) and 95% confidence intervals computed in the subgroup analysis. RESULTS: The meta-analysis results of the HQ and cohort groups were identical. The overall sES, which was obtained by combining the sES when equivalence was observed between the cohort and case-control groups, also showed equivalence. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that it is more reasonable to control for quality level by performing subgroup analysis according to study design rather than by using HQ based on the NOS quality assessment tool.
Jong-Myon Bae 한국역학회 2016 Epidemiology and Health Vol.38 No.-
OBJECTIVES: A pooled analysis of 18 prospective cohort studies reported in 2012 for evaluating carotenoid intakes and breast cancer risk defined by estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) statuses by using the “highest versus lowest intake” method (HLM). By applying the interval collapsing method (ICM) to maximize the use of the estimated information, we reevaluated the results of the previous analysis in order to reinterpret the inferences made. METHODS: In order to estimate the summary effect size (sES) and its 95% confidence interval (CI), meta-analyses with the random-effects model were conducted for adjusted relative risks and their 95% CI from the second to the fifth interval according to five kinds of carotenoids and ER/PR status. RESULTS: The following new findings were identified: α-Carotene and β-cryptoxanthin have protective effects on overall breast cancer. All five kinds of carotenoids showed protective effects on ER− breast cancer. β-Carotene level increased the risk of ER+ or ER+/PR+ breast cancer. α-Carotene, β-carotene, lutein/zeaxanthin, and lycopene showed a protective effect on ER−/PR+ or ER−/PR− breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The new facts support the hypothesis that carotenoids that show anticancer effects with anti-oxygen function might reduce the risk of ER− breast cancer. Based on the new facts, the modification of the effects of α-carotene, β-carotene, and β-cryptoxanthin should be evaluated according to PR and ER statuses.
Jong-Myon Bae 한국역학회 2017 Epidemiology and Health Vol.39 No.-
As the paradigm in healthcare nowadays is the evidence-based, patient-centered decision making, the issue of shared decision making (SDM) is highlighted. The aims of this manuscript were to look at the relevant concepts and suggest the facilitating strategies for overcoming barriers of conducting SDM. While the definitions of SDM were discordant, several concepts such as good communication, individual autonomy, patient participants, and patient-centered decision-making were involved. Further, the facilitating strategies of SDM were to educate and train physician, to apply clinical practice guidelines and patient decision aids, to develop valid measurement tools for evaluation of SDM processes, and to investigate the impact of SDM.