주의력결핍 과잉행동장애 아동의 지적수준에 따른 정신병리와 실행기능의 차이

천은진,서완석,이종범,김진성,구본훈,송창진,성형모,배준용,배대석 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.4

To investigate psychopathoIogy and executive functions of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children according to intelligence level, this study included 197 ADHD children who visited the outpatient department of neuropsychiatry of YeungNam University Medical Center, from July 2000 to June 2002. The children were divided into groups based on their intelligence levels. They were compared by the Personality Inventory for Children (PIC), Conncers' Continuous Performence Test (CPT), and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). There were significant differences in PIC, on the subscales of verbal development, socialization and autism. In the CPT, there was no significant difference. In the WCST, there were significant differences in the total number of errors, the number of perseverative errors, the number of completed categories and the number of trials needed to complete the first category. Considering these results, the intelligence level of ADHD children is related to their disabilities and behavioral symptoms.Executive functions such as abstract thinking, categorization, working memory and flexibility had significant relationship to the intelligence levels of ADHD children. Therefore, the intelligence level of children with ADHD influences the higher executive functions of regulating attention and information processing rather than attentional functions and capacity alone.

우수 복싱선수의 등속성 근기능과 유산소 능력 사이의 관계

천인호,최대우,임종호 忠南大學校體育科學硏究所 1997 體育科學硏究誌 Vol.15 No.1

This study was designed to find out the relationship between isokinetic muscle functions and aerobic capacity in elite boxers. Twelve boxers participated for this study as subjects (mean height=173.2±7.15 cm, mean weight=73.8±12.22 ㎏). Isokinetic strength and endurance of knee extention and flexion muscles were measured for isokinetic muscle function variables, also VO_2max and anaerobic threshold were measured as variables related to aerobic capacity. Statistical method to analyze data was correlation analysis using Pearson's r. Results in this study could be summarized as followings : 1. VO_2max and anaerobic threshold were 4.7 1.min^4(64.9 ml.㎏^4.min^4) and 3.7 1.min^4(51.4 ml.㎏^4.min^4), respectively. 2. Isokinetic strength of left and right knee extention muscles were 246.7 Nm(3.4 Nm.㎏^4) and 245.1 Nm(3.4 Nm.㎏^4), also in case of knee flexion muscle 152 Nm(2.1 Nm.kg^4) and 149.9 Nm(2.1 Nm.㎏^4). 3. Isokinetic endurances of left and right knee extention muscles were 2970.1 J(40.9 J.㎏^4) and 2935.0 J(40.4 J.㎏^4), also in case of knee flexion muscle 1861.5 J(25.9 J.㎏^4) 및 1894.7 J(26.2 J.㎏^4). 4. Absolute isokinetic strength values of knee extention and flexion muscles had no significant relationships with absolute VO_2max and anaerobic threshold values. 5. Absolute isokinetic endurance values of knee extension and flexion muscles had significant relationships with absolute VO_2max and anaerobic threshold values. 6. Relative Isokinetic strength and endurance values of knee extension and flexion muscles had no significant relationship with relative VO_2max and anaerobic threshold values. In Conclusion it was possible to suggest from the findings that evaluation of musle functions and aerobic capacity be done on the basis of relative values to increase the validity.

주의력결핍 과잉행동장애 아동에서 Methylphenidate 투여 전후[¹²³I]lPT SPECT로 측정한 기저 신경절 Dopamine Transporter Density

천근아,유영훈,남궁기,김찬형,이종두 大韓神經精神醫學會 2003 신경정신의학 Vol.42 No.1

Objectives: ADHD has been known as psychiatric disorder in childhood associated with dopamine dysregulation. The symptoms of ADHD can be treated with methylphenidate, a potent blocker of the dopamine transporter (DAT). In present study, we investigated DAT density using I-l23N- (3-iodopropen-2-y1) -2β-carbomethoxy-3beta- (4-chlorophenyl) tropane ([¹²³I)] IPTSPECT)in children with ADHD before and after treatment with methylphenidate. Methods : Seven drug-naive children with ADHD and eight normal children were included in the study and performed SPECT 2 hours after an intravenous administration of [¹²³I] IPT. All children with ADHD reperformed [¹²³I]IPT SPECT after treatment with methylphenidate (0.7 mg/kg/d) during about 8 weeks. SPECT data reconstructed for the assessment of specific/nonspecific DAT binding ratio of the basal ganglia were compared between before and after treatment methylphenidate. We investigated correlation between the change of ADHD symptom severity assessed with ADHD rating scale-IV and specific/nonspecific DAT binding ratio of basal ganglia. Results : Children with ADHD had a significantly greater increase of specific/nonspecific DAT binding ratio of right basal ganglia than normal children (Right : z=2.085, P=0.037 ; Left : z =1.506, P =0.132). Under treatment with methylphenidate in all children with ADHD, specific/nonspecific DAT binding ratio of both basal ganglia decreased significantly greater than before treatment with methylphenidate (Right : t=3.239, p=0.018 : Left : t=3.133, P=0.020). However, no significant correlation between the change of ADHD symptom severity scores and specific/nonspecific DAT binding ratio of the basal ganglia were found. Conclusions : The data of this study using methylphenidate in children with ADHD support the complex dysregulation of the dopaminergic neurotransmitter system in children with ADHD.

웹기반 전자지도안 시스템 개발 및 적용

천종필,이철환 仁川敎育大學校 科學敎育硏究所 2002 과학교육논총 Vol.14 No.-

본 연구에서는 ICT 활용 교수·학습 지도안을 Web상에서 작성 및 활용이 가능하도록 Web기반 전자지도안 시스템을 개발하여 첫째, 본 시스템만의 ICT 활용 교수·학습 과정안 형태를 구안하였으며 둘째, 7차 교육과정과 ICT활용 교수·학습 과정안의 형태에 맞는 전자 지도안 시스템의 데이터베이스를 설계 및 구축하였으며, 셋째, 손쉽게 전자 지도안을 작성하고 지도안과 ICT 자료들이 효과적으로 연동하도록 시스템을 구현하였다. 마지막으로 구축한 전자 지도안 시스템을 실제 초등학교 현장에 적용하여 지도안 시스템의 효과와 개선점을 분석하였다. 본 전자 지도안 시스템은 수업 현장에서 가장 필요로 하는 ICT자료를 DB화하여 체계적인 지도안을 관리하도록 하였고. 지도안과 자료실을 유기적으로 연동시켜 정적인 DB가 아닌 계속적으로 발전하는 시스템을 개발하였다. 이 시스템 구축으로 교수-학습 지도안의 공유, 활용, 저장성의 극대화를 이룩하였으며 교육 현장에 일반화되어 학교 정보화에 이바지할 것이다. In this thesis, to be available to prepare and use the teaching learning plans using ICT in web, the web-based electronic teaching-lesson unit system was developed. The contents and methods are following : First, the electronic teaching-learning unit using ICT was designed based on the existing various types of plans. Second, according to the 7th educational curriculum and the type of the teaching learning plans using ICT, the database of this system was developed. Third, to effectively use the ICT materials when one forms the procedure plans with an electronic teaching-lesson unit system, database-based system was developed. Finally, new electronic teaching-lesson unit system was applied in real school fields and the effects and improving points of the system were analyzed. The system of Web-based electronic teaching-lesson unit is managed through database for systematic control of teaching-learning plans. To make a continually developing system, the materials and the teaching-learning units were organically connected.

활성탄에 의한 Polysilane의 분자량 조절

천종현,최광진,박동호 인제대학교기초과학연구소 2002 자연과학 Vol.6 No.-

SiC-fiber의 전구체로 쓰이는 polymethylsilane(PMS), polydimethylsilane(PDMS),polyemthylphenylsilane(PMPS)은 Na촉매 하에 dichloro-organosilanes의 탈 염소화 반응으로 합성된다. 유기용매에 잘 녹는 PMPS를 이용하여 온도, 시간, 첨가제의 농도에 따른 수율과 평균분자량을 조사하였으며,고온에서의 잔류량을 확인하였다. PMPS의 합성시간이 증가할수록 수율과 분산도가 증가하였고 평균분자량이 감소하였다. 활성탄을 첨가하여 합성 시 PMPS은 높은 평균 분자량을 가졌다. Na/C=0.05 첨가 시까지 평균 분자량이 높아졌고, 고분자 분산도는 균일했다. Na/C=0.1 첨가 시 분자량과 분산도가 크게 증가했다. PMPS의 고온 잔류량은 활성탄의 첨가량을 많이 하고, 첨가 후 반응 시간을 늘려줄수록 증가하였다. 반응 시 첨가되는 활성탄의 양과 합성시간을 조절함으로 PMPS의 평균 분자량을 조절할 수 있었다. Polymethylsilane(PMS), polydimethylsilane(PDMS),polyemthylphenylsilane(PMPS), which were used as a precursor of SiC-fiber, were synthesized by dehalocoupling were dichloro-organosilanes using Na as a reductant. By using the PMPS which is easily melted at organic solvent, investigated how yield, average molecular weight and remaining quantity in high temperature be influenced by temperature, time and concentration of additive. When reaction time of PMPS became longer, yield and polydispersity were increased and average molecular weight was decreased. synthesis of PMPS with active carborn as an additive showed high average molecular weight was high while polydispersity was regular. In case of Na/C=0.1, average molecular weight and polydispersity was remarkably increased. Residual quantity in high temperature of PMPS was increased in lots of active carborn and long reaction time. Average molecular weight of PMPS can be controlled by reaction time and amount of active carborn added in polymerization.

정신분열병 환자에서 Haloperidol이 99m-Tc-ECD SPECT로 측정한 국소뇌혈류량에 미치는 영향

천근아,이종두,민성길,김세주,안석균 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.4

연구목적 : 정신분열병 환자에서의 뇌혈류량은 약리학적 상태를 포함한 다양한 요소들에 의하여 영향을 받는다. 항정신병약물이 국소뇌혈류량에 미치는 영향에 관한 많은 연구가 행해져 왔으나 항정신병약물의 종류와 노출기간, 약물용량의 차이로 인해 다양하고도 상반된 결과를 보여왔다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 정신분열병 환자에서 항정신병약물의 종류와 노출기간을 통제한 상태에서 약물 투여시 국소뇌혈류량의 변화를 관찰하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 항정신병약물 비노출(antipsychotic drug-naive) 정신분열병 환자 18명과 haloperidol을 투여받은 환자 19명을 대상으로 안정 상태(resting state)에서 SPECT를 촬영하여 국소뇌혈류량을 측정한 후 두군 사이의 상대적 뇌혈류량을 비교하였다. Haloperidol은 D2 수용체에 비교적 선택적으로 작용하고 활성대사산물이 적기 때문에 실험약물로 선택되었고 약물노출기간은 1∼3주동안으로 제한하였다. 결 과 : 우측 저측두엽, 좌측 저전두엽, 좌·우측 기저신경절, 좌측 시상에서의 상대적 평균 혈류지표는 halo-peridol 투여군에서 비노출군에 비해 유의하게 증가되어 있었다. 또한 좌·우측 두정-후두엽과 우측 두정엽에서의 상대적 평균 혈류지표도 haloperidol 투여군에서 비노출군에 비해 유의하게 증가되어 있었다. 반면 좌측 저측두엽의 상대적 평균 혈류지표는 haloperidol 투여군에서 항정신병약물 비노출군에 비해 유의하게 감소되어 있었다. 그러나 우측 저전두엽, 우측 시상, 좌·우측 고측두엽, 좌·우측 고전두엽, 좌측 두정엽에서 두 군 사이의 상대적 평균 혈류지표는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결 론 : 정신분열병 환자에서 항정신병약물이 국소뇌혈류량에 영향을 미치며, 항정신병약물 투여상태가 뇌혈류량 측정시 고려되어야할 중요한 변수임을 시사한다. Objectives : Regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) in schizophrenics is confounded by various factors including medication status. Previously, there have been numerous studies regarding the effects of antipsychotics on rCBF. However, these works have shown contradictory and inconsistent findings due to the different of type, dose and exposed duration of antipsychotics. The aim of this study was to observe the effect of antipsychotic medication on rCBF and exposed duration of antipsychotics under control. Methods : Eighteen drug-naive schizophrenics and 19 schizophrenics medicated with halo-peridol were included in the study. Regional cerebral blood flow was assessed with single-photon emission computed tomography(SPECT) under a resting state. Relative rCBF was compared between two groups. Haloperidol was selected as the antipsychotic drug as it has relatively selective action at the D2 receptor and less active metabolites. Exposed duration was limited from one to three weeks. Results : Haloperidol-medicated schizophrenic patients had a significantly greater increase of relative cerebral perfusion in the right inferior temporal lobe, left inferior frontal lobe, both basal ganglia, left thalamus, both parieto-occipital lobes, and right parietal lobe than drug-naive schizophrenic patients. Haloperidol-medicated schizophrenic patients had a significant decrease of relative cerebral perfusion in left inferior temporal lobe. However, no significant differences in relative rCBF were found between drug-naive and haloperidol-medicated schizophrenic patients in right inferior frontal lobe, right thalamus, both superior temporal lobes, both superior frontal lobes, and left parietal lobe. Conclusion : These findings suggest that antipsychotics affect regional cerebral blood flow, and antipsychotic medication status must be considered in the relative rCBF studies of schizophrenic patients.

온라인 전자 지도안 시스템의 구축 및 활용에 관한 연구

천종필,백장미,한선관,이철환 한국컴퓨터교육학회 2003 컴퓨터교육학회 논문지 Vol.6 No.1

본 연구자들은 ICT 활용 교육을 위한 초등교육 지도안을 온라인상에서 작성하고 활용할 수 있는 Web기반 전자지도안 시스템을 개발하였다. 개발된 온라인 전자지도안 시스템 은 ICT 교수-학습 과정안 자료를 데이터베이스화하여 체계적으로 관리할 수 있도록 하였으며, 교수-학습 과정안의 공유, 활용, 저장성의 극대화를 도모하여 학교 정보화에 이바지할 수 있다. 이렇게 개발된 시스템이 현장에서 활용되면서 나타난 교육적 효과 및 문제점을 분석하여 해결 방안을 제시하는 것은 시스템의 개발 못지않게 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 첫째, 본 시스템 개발을 위한 ICT 활용 교수·학습 과정안 형태의 구안과정과 둘째, 본 시스템의 설계와 구현 방법의 개요, 그리고 셋째, 초등학교 현장에서 적용하면서 나타난 시스템의 효과와 문제점 분석 및 개선방안을 제시하였다 또 연구를 통하여 초등교육에서 사용하게 될 전자 교육 시스템의 개발 과정 및 활용 상의 고려사항과 문제점의 해결 방안에 대한 교육적 근거를 제공하였다. The researchers developed On-line Lesson Planner System so that teachers can make a lesson plan using ICT(Information & Communication Technology) on line. Developed On-line Lesson Planner System can make ICT using lesson plans store in the database, manage them systematically and help maximize share, use and storage of the lesson plans. It can contribute to the school informatization. It is important to suggest solution through analyzing the educational effects and problems appeared during applying to this developed system in real fields. Thus, this study suggests first, procedure of designing the lesson plan using ICT for the development of this system, second, the summary of designing and embodying methods, and third, the improvement and analysis of the effects and problems revealed in elementary school fields. This study provided educational grounds of the solution to the problems and consideration of this On-line Lesson Planner system.

Aging 조건에 의한 SBA-15의 Morphological Control

천종현,김시재,박동호 인제대학교 2003 仁濟論叢 Vol.18 No.1

중간세공 분자체 SBA-15는 tetraethoxysilane을 실리카원으로 하여 triblock copolymer를 구조유지 시약으로 사용하여 합성된다. 이러한 중간 세공 분자체의 응용성은 역시 결정의 외관상 형태에 의 해 좌우되어진다. 규칙적인 모양의 입자를 합성하는 것은 나노 공간의 SBA-15를 이용한 나노물질을 제조하는데 응용되기 때문에 매우 중요하다. SBA-15의 형태는 숙성과정의 온도와 시간을 바꿔 줌으로써 조절된다. 특히 rod 형태의 입자의 길이는 숙성 반응과 수열반응의 조합에 의해 조절된다. Morphology 변화는 형태학적 재 구조화에 의해 설명될 수 있다. Mesoporous molecular sieve SBA-15 using triblock copolymer as a structure directing agent and tetraethoxysilane as a silicon source has been synthesized. The applicability of mesoporous molecular sieve depends also on the external morphology of crystallites. The synthesis of regular shaped particle is very important due to the application for the preparation of nano materials using the nano space of SBA-15. By varying the aging temperature and duration, the morphology of SBA-15 was controlled Especially, the length of rod-shaped particle was controlled with the combination of reaction condition of aging and hydrothermal reaction. The change of morphology could be attribute to the metamorphic reconstruction

약국개설등록 신청거부[반려] 처분취소 : 서울행정법원 2001. 8. 17. 선고 2001구17691 판결(1심)과 서울고등법원 2002. 12. 10 선고 2002누7335(1심, 2심) 판결을 중심으로

김종천 中央大學校 法學硏究所 2005 法學論文集 Vol.29 No.2

In the pharmaceutical affairs law, by the Article 16, Clause 5, Subparagraph 2, it is supposed to refuse the registration of the opening pharmacy, if someone wants to open a pharmacy in the medical institution or the compound of it. In the case I, the plaintiff (a Pharmacist) applied for the registration of the opening pharmacy in the single building with one story below and four above the ground. The defendant (the administrative agency), however, made a denial of the opening pharmacy based on the pharmaceutical affairs, the Article 16, Clause 5, Subparagraph 2. In the case II, about the possibility of the passing the registration of the opening pharmacy in the compound of the Hanyang University, the court of the first instance approved it, but the high court canceled the former decision based on the pharmaceutical affairs law, by the Article 16, Clause 5, Subparagraph 2. So I searched both where we can find out the concept of the medical institution described in the pharmaceutical affairs law, by the Article 16, Clause 5, Subparagraph 2, and whether the opening pharmacy registration act is a "binding act" or a "discretion(Ermessen) act", and analyzed for the registration of the opening pharmacy in the pharmaceutical affairs law to be construed strictly considering the freedom of the business guaranteed constitutionally. After searching the two cases, I studied on what is the alternative to complement the pharmaceutical affairs law, the Article 16, Clause 5, Subparagraph 2 with the traditional interpretation methodology of the law. Interpreting the meaning of the pharmaceutical affairs law. the Article 16, Clause 5, Subparagraph 2 literally, it has another conclusion unlike our thinking to approve the registration of opening pharmacy in the single building. Therefore if the court interprets not based on the literal standard but based on the alternative about the conceptive important factors to the interpretation in the pharmaceutical affairs law, by the Article 16, Clause 15, Subparagraph 2, I think we will be able to assent to the result of the judgement about both the case I and the case II. I feel the lack of not showing the clear interpretation standard with some conceptive factors, in court, as to whether the opening pharmacy is allowed in the single building or not allowed in the compound of the university. And the we should establish the standard that the opening pharmacy is allowed or not. In conclusion, I wish the pharmaceutical affairs law, by the Article 16, Clause 5, Subparagraph 2 become the interpretation standard to the medical officer of Seoul, Kwangyeoksi(metropolitan cities), Si(towns), Do(provinces), Gun(countries).

흰쥐에서 Paraquat 독성에 미치는 Seleniun의 영향

차종희,정미숙,천영욱 조선의대 1995 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.20 No.1