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Jo~ao Batista Silva Neto,Elita Fontenele Urano de Carvalho,Rafael Henrique Lazzari Garcia,Adonis Marcelo Saliba-Silva,Humberto Gracher Riella,Michelangelo Durazzo 한국원자력학회 2017 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.49 No.8
Uranium tetrafluoride (UF4) is the most used nuclear material for producing metallic uranium by reduction with Ca or Mg. Metallic uranium is a raw material for the manufacture of uranium silicide, U3Si2, which is the most suitable uranium compound for use as nuclear fuel for research reactors. By contrast, ammonium uranyl carbonate is a traditional uranium compound used for manufacturing uranium dioxide UO2 fuel for nuclear power reactors or U3O8-Al dispersion fuel for nuclear research reactors. This work describes a procedure for recovering uranium and ammonium fluoride (NH4F) from a liquid residue generated during the production routine of ammonium uranyl carbonate, ending with UF4 as a final product. The residue, consisting of a solution containing high concentrations of ammonium (NH4+), fluoride (F-), and carbonate (CO3 2-), has significant concentrations of uranium as UO2 2+. From this residue, the proposed procedure consists of precipitating ammonium peroxide fluorouranate (APOFU) and NH4F, while recovering the major part of uranium. Further, the remaining solution is concentrated by heating, and ammonium bifluoride (NH4HF2) is precipitated. As a final step, NH4HF2 is added to UO2, inducing fluoridation and decomposition, resulting in UF4 with adequate properties for metallic uranium manufacture.
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Portuguese Fight Against Match-Fixing: Which Policies and What Ethic?
Marcelo Moriconi,Jo~ao Paulo Almeida 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2019 Journal of Global Sport Management Vol.4 No.1
Since 2015, several institutions have been implementing educational and awareness programs to fight against match-fixing in Portugal. This article gives an account of the political measures and campaigns implemented to tackle this problem. It addresses some ethical dilemmas that underline the preventative discourses and key cognitive limitations of the policy-making process. Prevention campaigns has often been created in a top-down approach where players, referees and coaches are guided to undertake attitudes and behaviours institutionally shaped, often determined by stakeholders out of the sports industry. Moreover, the problem tends to be confined as an exclusive issue of the sports industry. To counteract this limitation, the National Olympic Committee has developed an integrity program that comprehensively addresses good governance and institutional transparency as key factors to combat the phenomenon. However, the domestic policy-making process does not include integrity as a risk factor opening avenues to widespread trans-national organized crime infiltration in sport.
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Ana Paula Barbosa,M ario Rui Mascarenhas,Manuel Bicho,Jo~ao Janeiro,Ant onio Gouveia Oliveira 대한골다공증학회 2017 Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Vol.3 No.3
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of hyperthyroidism and their etiology on bone mineral density (BMD), on body soft tissue composition, on the prevalence of vertebral fractures detected by vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) and on the trabecular bone score (TBS). Methods: From an initial population of 119 Portuguese men (78 with hyperthyroidism [HT]þ 41 controls [CTs]) admitted to the Endocrinology Department we selected 41 men aged over 50 with clinical hyperthyroidism to participate; each one was matched by age and height with a control person. BMD (g/ cm2) at the lumbar spine, hip, radius 33% and whole body and the total body masses (kg) were studied by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). VFA with Genant semiquantitative method was used to detect fractures. The TBS was obtained from lumbar spine DXA images. No patient had been treated previously for hyperthyroidism or osteoporosis. Adequate statistical tests were used. Results: In the hyperthyroidism group, total lean mass (CT 58.16 ± 7.7 vs. HT 52.3 ± 5.7, P ¼ 0.03) and distal radius BMD (CT 0.769 ± 0.05 vs. HT 0.722 ± 0.08, P ¼ 0.005) were lower; there was a significantly higher prevalence of osteoporosis (CT 9.7% vs. HT 29.3%, P ¼ 0.015) and vertebral fractures (CT 2.4% vs. HT 24.4%, P ¼ 0.007). TBS was similar in both groups (CT 1.328 ± 0.11 vs. HT 1.356 ± 0.11, P ¼ not significant). Comparing patients with Graves' disease with patients with toxic goiter, there were no differences regarding BMD, BMD qualification, prevalence of fractures and TBS and just total lean mass was significantly lower in patients with Graves' disease. Conclusions: These results suggest that in a group of hyperthyroid men aged over 50 there are significant decreases in cortical bone BMD and lean mass and a higher prevalence of osteoporosis and silent vertebral fractures, but the etiology of the hyperthyroidism does not seem to influence it. Besides the antithyroid drugs, some patients may benefit from bone-directed treatments
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