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Jiwan Singh,Ajay S. Kalamdhad,Byeong Kyu Lee 대한환경공학회 2015 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.20 No.3
Experiments were conducted on the immobilization of eight heavy metals (HMs) (Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Cr) during 20-day rotary drum composting of water hyacinth. The Tessier sequential extraction procedure was used to investigate the fractionation of HMs. The eco-toxicity risk of HMs was assessed by risk assessment code (RAC). In the results, the bioavailability factor (BAF) for different HMs presented in the following order: Mn > Zn = Fe > Cu > Cr > Cd = Pb > Ni. The total concentration of Pb was higher than that of Zn, Cu, Mn, Cd and Cr; however, its BAF was the lowest among these HMs. These results confirmed that the eco-toxicity of HMs depends on bioavailable fractions rather than on the total concentration. The greatest reduction in bioavailability and eco-toxicity risk of HMs occurred in lime 1% and 2% as compared to control and lime 3%. The eco-toxicity risk of Fe, Ni, Pb, Cd and Cr was reduced from low risk to zero risk by rotary drum composting. These studies demonstrated the high efficiency of the rotary drum for degrading compost materials and for reducing the bioavailability and eco-toxicity risk of HMs during the composting process.
Hereditary protein S deficiency presenting acute pulmonary embolism
Jiwan Kim,Sung Hea Kim,Sang Man Jung,Sooyoun Park,HyungMin Yu,Sanghee An,Seonghui Kang,Hyun-Joong Kim 영남대학교 의과대학 2014 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.31 No.1
Protein S deficiency is one of the several risk factors for thrombophilia and can cause blood clotting disorders such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. A 54-year-old man was admitted with the complaint of dyspnea and was diagnosed with pulmonary embolism. The patient had very low level of free protein S, total protein S antigen, and protein S activity (type I protein S deficiency). In history taking, we found that his mother, 78 year old, had a history of same disease 10 years ago, and confirmed the pronounced low level of protein S. The patient’s son also had very low level of protein S, however there had not been any history of pulmonary embolism yet. This case study suggests that asymptomatic persons with a family history of protein S deficiency and pulmonary embolism should be checked regularly for early detection of the disease, as protein S deficiency can be suspected.
( Jiwan Kim ),( Sun Young Lee ),( Jeong Hwan Kim ),( In Kyung Sung ),( Hyung Seok Park ),( Chan Sup Shim ),( Choon Jo Jin ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1
Background: Nodular gastritis (NG) is strongly associated with the presence of Helicobacter pylori infection. This study compared the prognosis of NG between Korean adults with and without successful eradication. Methods: Of the 1475 subjects who were diagnosed with NG during upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy at our center since August 2005, Korean adults who underwent follow-up UGI endoscopy after 1 year were included in the study. Changes in the size and location of the nodules, UGI symptoms, hemorrhagic spots, and pathological fi ndings were analyzed. Results: None of the 137 NG patients progressed to gastric cancer during the follow- up period. Regression of the nodules was noted in 14 (73.7%) of 19 eradicated subjects, and in 10 (8.5%) of 118 non-eradicated subjects (p<0.001). An antral nodule location (p<0.001) and absence of UGI symptoms (p<0.001) were more frequently noted in NG subjects who improved without eradication. Multivariate analysis revealed an association between H. pylori eradication and the NG prognosis (OR=0.012, 95% CI=0.001-0.098, p<0.001). Conclusion: In Korean adults with NG, H. pylori eradication is the factor most significantlyassociated with NG nodule regression, although there was a tendency among asymptomatic subjects with antrally located NG to improve spontaneously even without eradication. H. pylori eradication should be considered for the improvement of NG in Korean adults.
CpBV infection causes endocrine alteration of Plutella xylostella and inhibits pupal metamorphosis
Jiwan Kim,Yonggyun Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2011 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.05
Parasitization by Cotesia plutellae inhibits pupal metamorphosis of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. Two questions are raised : (1) which parasitic factor(s) is responsible for the antimetamorphosis and (2) how the parasitized larvae are altered in endocrine signals. This study addressed both questions. When C. plutellae bracovirus (CpBV), a parasitic factor of the wasp, alone was injected to nonparasitized P. xylostella larvae, it significantly inhibited pupal metamorphosis in a dosedependent manner. Corpora allata (CA) and prothoracic gland (PTG) were compared in both nonparasitized and parasitized P. xylostella. In both groups, size and shape of CA were not different. However, PTG was detected on prothoracic tracheal trunk in nonparasitized larvae, but not detected in parasitized. CpBV injection to nonparasitized larvae inhibited the growth of PTG. Transcriptional factor, broad complex, was partially cloned and expressed in nonparasitized P. xylotella. In parasitized or CpBV-injected larvae, broad complex gene was not expressed during late larval stage.
Effect of Rotary Drum on the Speciation of Heavy Metals during Water Hyacinth Composting
Jiwan Singh,Ajay S Kalamdhad 대한환경공학회 2013 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.18 No.3
Studies were carried out on the speciation of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Cr) during rotary drum composting of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) for a period of 20 days. Five different proportions of cattle manure, water hyacinth and sawdust were prepared for composting. This study concluded that, rotary drum was very efficient for the degradation of organic matter as well as for the reduction of mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals during water hyacinth composting. The results from the sequential extraction procedure of heavy metals shows that rotary drum composting changed the distribution of five fractions of Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Cr. The highest reduction in the bioavailability factors of Pb and Cd was observed during the process. The total concentration of Cu, Cr, and Cd was very low compared to the other metals (Zn, Mn, Fe, Ni, and Pb); however, the percentage of exchangeable and carbonate fractions of these metals was similar to other metals. These results confirmed that the bioavailability of metals does not depend on the total concentration of metals. From this study, it can be concluded that the addition of an appropriate proportion of cattle manure significantly reduced the mobile and easily available fractions (exchangeable and carbonate fractions) during water hyacinth composting in rotary drum.
( Jiwan Singh ),( Ajay S. Kalamdhad ),( Yoon-young Chang ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2015 한국폐기물자원순환학회 3RINCs초록집 Vol.2015 No.-
The bioavailability and speciation of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Cd and Cr) assist an important role in the toxicity of heavy metals in the compost applied for soil conditioning. The study was carried out on bioavailability and speciation of heavy metals in the composting of water hyacinth in rotary drum for 20 days. The exchangeable (F1), carbonate (F2), reducible (F3) and oxidizable (F4) fractions of Cu were decreased in the control and all calcium hydroxide addition compost. Reduction of F1 (88.6%), F2 (76.7%) and F3 (89.4%) fractions (percentage of total fraction) was observed in lime treatment 2. F1 and F2 fractions of Cd, Cr and Pb were reduced, and F5 fraction was increased in lime treatments as compared to the control. Present study concluded that, the optimum amount of waste lime was greatly effective of reduction of water solubility, plant availability, and most boilable fractions (exchangeable and carbonate fractions) of selected heavy metals. The effect of waste lime is highly recommended for immobilization of heavy metals for water hyacinth composting in rotary drum.
Jiwan Kim(김지완),Jinseon Son(손진선),Jinhee Choi(최진희) 환경독성보건학회 2021 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2021 No.5
Human exposure to various environmental chemicals can enhance the risk for chronic diseases, such as reproductive malformation, and neurological and behavioral disorders, through epigenetic mechanisms. Histone modifications, one of the central epigenetic process, have been proposed as the toxic mechanism of various environmental chemicals due to its role in transcriptional regulation. In this study, we aimed to figure out the role of histone methylation in environmental chemicals-induced toxicity. To this end, adverse effects of the prevalent chemical additives in plastics (Bisphenol A, Di(2-erhylhexyl) phthalate, 3.3'-5.5'-Tetrabromobisphenol, Hexabromocyclododecane and Triclosan) on reproduction, locomotion and repressive histone methylation status were investigated in C. elegans. Then, we observed whether the adverse effects by chemicals were restored in combinational exposure with histone methyltransferase (HMT) or histone demethylase (HDM) inhibitors, which target to H3K9 and H3K27 methylation. Our results showed the higher toxicity of triclosan and 3.3'-5.5'-Tetrabromobisphenol than other chemicals and the increase in protein expression level of H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 with exposure to these two additives. Interestingly, the recovery of reproductive defects induced by two additives occurred following target HMT inhibitor exposure, suggesting that repressive histone modification surely can play a key role in adverse outcome of certain chemicals. To further understand epigenetically mediated toxic mechanism of the chemical exposure, reproduction and stress response-related gene expression analysis would be needed in the same manner of this study.