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Jinu Han(Jinu Han),Kwangsic Joo(Kwangsic Joo),Ungsoo Samuel Kim(Ungsoo Samuel Kim),Se Joon Woo(Se Joon Woo),Eun Kyoung Lee(Eun Kyoung Lee),Joo Yong Lee(Joo Yong Lee),Tae Kwann Park(Tae Kwann Park),San 대한안과학회 2023 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.37 No.2
Mutations in the RPE65 gene, associated with Leber congenital amaurosis, early-onset severe retinal dystrophy, and retinitispigmentosa, gained growing attention since gene therapy for patients with RPE65-associated retinal dystrophy is available inclinical practice. RPE65 gene accounts for a very small proportion of patients with inherited retinal degeneration, especiallyAsian patients. Because RPE65-associated retinal dystrophy shares common clinical characteristics, such as early-onset severenyctalopia, nystagmus, low vision, and progressive visual field constriction, with retinitis pigmentosa by other geneticmutations, appropriate genetic testing is essential to make a correct diagnosis. Also, fundus abnormalities can be minimal inearly childhood, and the phenotype is highly variable depending on the type of mutations in RPE65-associated retinal dystrophy,which makes a diagnostic difficulty. The aim of this paper is to review the epidemiology of RPE65-associated retinaldystrophy, mutation spectrum, genetic diagnosis, clinical characteristics, and voretigene neparvovec, a gene therapy productfor the treatment of RPE65-related retinal dystrophy.
Zinc Inhibits Amyloid Ղ Production from Alzheimer s Amyloid Precursor Protein in SH-SY5Y Cells
Jinu Lee,Chul Hoon Kim,Dong Goo Kim,Young Soo Ahn 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2009 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.13 No.3
Zinc released from excited glutamatergic neurons accelerates amyloidՂ(AՂ)aggregation, underscoring the therapeutic potential of zinc chelation for the treatment of Alzheimer s disease (AD). Zinc can also alter AՂconcentration by affecting its degradation. In order to elucidate the possible role of zinc influx in secretase-processed AՂproduction, SH-SY5Y cells stably expressing amyloid precursor protein (APP) were treated with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a zinc ionophore, and the resultant changes in APP processing were examined. PDTC decreased AՂ40 and AՂ42 concentrations in culture media bathing APP-expressing SH-SY5Y cells. Measuring the levels of a series of C-terminal APP fragments generated by enzymatic cutting at different APP-cleavage sites showed that both Ղ- and Ձ-cleavage of APP were inhibited by zinc influx. PDTC also interfered with the maturation of APP. PDTC, however, paradoxically increased the intracellular levels of AՂ40. These results indicate that inhibition of secretase-mediated APP cleavage accounts-at least in part- for zinc inhibition of AՂ secretion.
Abiotic Factors Influencing Growth and Ginsenoside Content of Panax ginseng Roots
Jinu Eo,Hwang-Seong Mo,Kee-Choon Park 한국원예학회 2018 원예과학기술지 Vol.36 No.5
We aimed to evaluate the effects of abiotic factors on root growth and ginsenoside content of Panax ginseng and on the tradeoff between these two properties. Three experiments tested the effects of fertilization, soil particle size and cultivation site, respectively, on root growth and ginsenoside content. Moderate applications of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium did not significantly influence ginsenoside content. Root weight was negatively correlated with ginsenosides Rg1 and Rg2 with excessive fertilization, suggesting that environmental stress caused by excessive fertilization might have created a tradeoff. We tested the effect of soil type by separating soil out according to particle size (ie, < 0.5, 0.5-1 and 1-2 mm, and a mixed control). Root weight was lower in soil of < 0.5 mm, and roots were longer in soil of 1-2 mm compared with those of the control. Total ginsenoside and ginsenoside Rb1 content was lower in soil of < 0.5 mm than those of the unsieved control. These results indicate that soil texture is an important factor determining ginsenoside yield and root quality. The effect of cultivation site was compared among 5 locations using the same soil type. There was a 2.8-fold difference in root weight and a 2.1-fold difference in total ginsenoside content between the highest and lowest values among 5 sites, and no significant correlation was found between root growth and ginsenoside content. Our results suggest that ginsenoside content was influenced by abiotic stresses caused by changes in nutrient, moisture, and temperature. We conclude that proper management of abiotic stresses can promote both root growth and ginsenoside content without a tradeoff between these two properties.
Jinu Eo,Kee-Choon Park,Jin-Soo Lim,Myung-Hyun Kim,Soon-Kun Choi,Young-Eun Na 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.2
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the application of vermicomposts on the growth parameters and ginsenoside content of ginseng roots. Food waste vermicompost (FW), cow manure vermicompost (CM), and paper sludge vermicompost (PS) were applied at 10 and 40 t ㏊<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. One-year-old seedlings were transplanted and 4-year-old roots were harvested. Soil nitrate and phosphate concentrations were increased in the plots applied with FW and CM at 40 t ㏊<SUP>-1</SUP>. Soil pH and exchangeable Caconcentrations were higher at FW 40 t ㏊<SUP>-1</SUP> than at CM 40 t ㏊<SUP>-1</SUP>. Root yield increased when treated with FW 40t ㏊<SUP>-1</SUP> in comparison to the yield for the control. The incidences of root rot disease and ginsenoside content were not significantly affected by the treatments. The results suggested that application of vermicompost might not show a relationship between root biomass and ginsenoside content. It further showed that proper use of vermicompost can promote root yield without a reduction in root quality or an increase in the incidence of root rot disease in reclaimed fields.
Effects of the Applications of Chitin and Chitosan on Soil Organisms
Jinu Eo,Myung-Hyun Kim,Soon-Kun Choi,Hea-Son Bang,Kee-Choon Park 한국토양비료학회 2015 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.48 No.2
Effects of chitin and chitosan treatments on soil microorganisms and the mesofauna were investigated in a microcosm and a fumigated field experiment. Responses of microorganisms were determined using microbial phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis, whereas responses of the mesofauna were measured in terms of the abundances of nematodes and microarthropods. Soil nitrate concentration increased on the application of chitin. Overall, chitin promoted bacterial and fungal abundance, leading to an increase in abundance of free-living soil nematodes that feed on decomposers. The ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids was highest in the chitin-treated soil. Chitosan had a minimal effect on the abundance of microorganisms; however, it reduced the abundance of collembolans in the microcosm experiment. These results indicate that the application of chitin has beneficial effects on the supply of nutrients and promotion of the abundance of soil organisms.