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Optimizing Therapeutic Efficacy with Systemic Therapy & Radiotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
( Jinsil Seong ) 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1
For most solid cancers, multimodality treatment is a general principle particularly for locally advanced ones while single modality reserved for early cancers. However, this notion hasn’t been well reflected in current therapeutic guidelines for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which show a single modality as a standard of care for each stage of HCC. HCC shows significant heterogeneity particularly in advanced stage. Although current guidelines recommend systemic agent as a standard of care, efficacy has been limited with gaining only a few months of survival. Recent studies on phylogenetic analysis reported that sorafenib-targeted genetic alteration was identified in only limited case, explaining why response was less than satisfactory. It also suggests that combination strategy needs to be adopted particularly in advanced HCC. Applying a single agent to a disease with extreme heterogeneity can hardly produce therapeutic success, warranting subclassification of the disease and optimal therapy accordingly. Advanced HCC needs to be classified into 2 catogories; advanced but confined to liver and advanced to beyond liver. In advanced HCC confined to liver, combination strategy may involve maximizing local control by local modality as well as systemic agent preventing tumor spread either intrahepatically or extrahepatically. Our group has long been practicing local radiotherapy concurrently with hepatic arterial chemotherapy (liver-directed CCRT) followed by adjuvant hepatic arterial chemotherapy for substantial period. More recently we reported a phase 2 trial results of liver-directed CCRT followed by sorafenib. The result was quite encouraging with 24.6 months of median survival time, which corresponds to double the time in those with sorafenib alone. The beauty of this approach is that 19% of the patients underwent curative surgery by tumor downsizing/downstaging. In advanced HCC beyond liver, systemic therapy is a mainstay without any argument. Now, a concept discriminating oligometastasis from full metastasis has been proposed, which has been well established in most solid cancers. While systemic therapy is undergoing, local treatment, either radiotherapy or surgery, can effectively control oligometastasis that can result in prolonged overall survival. Taken together, systemic therapy and radiotherapy can be combined in various scenario, ultimately aiming at improved therapeutic efficacy in advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Usability Evaluation Criteria and Methods of Road Safety Facilities - A Literature Review
( Jinsil Lee ),( Park Min Ju ),( Lee Jong Ho ),( Sun Hee Cho ),( Min-sun Kim ) 한국감성과학회 2017 한국감성과학회 국제학술대회(ICES) Vol.2017 No.-
This review aims to identify measures suitable for evaluation of usability for road safety facilities. A review of literature included articles that evaluated a road safety facilities for usability. Electronic databases, hand searches and internet sources were used. A total of 7 articles of usability evaluation of road safety facilities were retrieved through a search for an electronic databases, hand searches and internet sources, and evaluation criteria and evaluation methods were summarized. Quantitative evaluation criteria included ‘Error Rate’, ‘Completion Time’, ‘Visibility’, ‘Psychological Pressure’, ‘Visual Confusion’, ‘Eye Fatigue’, and ‘Satisfaction’. All of them were measured by the questionnaire method. And Qualitative evaluation criteria were ‘the Reason for Cognitive Error’ and ‘the Risk’ measured by interview method. There are limits of 7 articles that do not constitute a real environment or a virtual environment or experiment that tests real users to ensure usability in actual environment. In order to systematically evaluate the usability of road safety facilities in the future, it is necessary to categorize the evaluation criteria according to the purpose of evaluation, to derive appropriate evaluation methods for each category, and to construct a real environment or a virtual environment and to develop scenarios for the validity about evaluation.
What Happened to Heaven and Buddha? James Scarth Gale’s Translation Stylistics
Jinsil CHOI 계명대학교 한국학연구원 2021 Acta Koreana Vol.24 No.2
This article examines the influential Presbyterian missionary translator James Scarth Gale (1863-1937) and explores how his religious views and the social context of his mission influenced his translation practice. It also considers factors of reception, such as how his awareness of the potential readership may have influenced his translation practice. Of his many literary translations, this study focuses on Korean Folk Tales: Imps, Ghost, and Fairies, published in 1913, and “The Life of the Buddha,” completed in 1915. Drawing on the notion of translation stylistics and relying on archival research, it explores how Gale modulated and consolidated Korean folk beliefs and Buddhist concepts through a Christian lens, based on a comparative analysis of source texts and translations. It argues that Gale’s conceptual equation of indigenous beliefs with Christianity had significant implications for Korea missionary activities and Korean literature.
Ergonomic Design of Necklace Type Wearable Device
Jinsil Lee,Kimin Ban,Jaeho Choe,Eui S. Jung 대한인간공학회 2017 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.36 No.4
Objective: This study aims to identify important physical design variables in designing a necklace type wearable device, and to present design guidelines to maximize comfort that a user feels upon wearing the device. Background: Interests in fitness culture and personal health are on the rise recently. In such a situation, demand for necklace type wearable devices is projected to increase a lot, as the devices enable users to use their hands freely and to enjoy various contents through connection with mobile devices. However, the necklace type wearable device’s comfort was assessed to have the lowest comfort in a running situation, where human body moves up and down and left and right more than other devices wearable on other human body parts. Therefore, the usability of a necklace type wearable device was low. In this regard, studies on identification of the variables affecting user comfort upon wearing a necklace type wearable device and on physical design direction maximizing comfort and usability are needed. Method: A pretest and a main test were carried out to draw the direction of necklace type wearable device design. In the pretest, wearing evaluation on the diverse types of devices released in the market was conducted to draw physical design variables of the devices affecting comfort. Furthermore, variables significantly affecting the comfort of a device were selected through an analysis of variance (ANOVA). In the main test, anthropometry was performed, and information on anthropometric items corresponding to the design variables selected in the pretest was acquired. Based on the pretest results and the anthropometric information in the main test, the present study produced design guidelines maximizing the comfort of a necklace type wearable device with regard to major design variables upon dynamic tasks. Results: According to the pretest results, the variables having effects on comfort were the angle of side points, width, and height. Due to interactions between variables, those need to be simultaneously considered upon designing a device. Upon dynamic tasks, the angle of side points and width of a device was designed to be smaller than mean angle of the trapezius muscle and neck width, and thus attachment to human body was high. As height was designed to be larger than mean neck front and rear point width, comfort was higher due to feeling of stability. Conclusion: Because user sensitivity to comfort was high at human body’s inflection points, a device needs to be designed for users not to feel high pressure on specific body parts with the device fitting human body shape well. A design considering user’s situation is also required in further studies.