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The SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant spike protein facilitates cell–cell fusion
Jinman Kim,Seokin Kim,박정은 한국예방수의학회 2022 예방수의학회지 Vol.46 No.3
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) protein mediates virus entry by binding to the host cell receptor, human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2), and catalyzing virus–host membrane fusion. The S protein also mediates cell–cell fusion, potentially allowing the virus to spread virion-independently. Here, we compared the fusogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 variant S proteins using a cell–cell fusion assay. In cells overexpressing hACE2, cell–cell fusion ability of all tested SARS-CoV-2 variants was similar to that of the Wuhan-Hu-1 strain. However, in cells with endogenous hACE2, SARS-CoV-2 variants, especially the Delta variant, stimulated significantly greater cell–cell fusion than the original strain. Our results showed that the Delta variant S protein is highly fusogenic and can spread rapidly by utilizing small amounts of hACE2.
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Jinman KWAK,Jaeseung MOON 동아시아경상학회 2021 The East Asian Journal of Business Economics Vol.9 No.2
Purpose - The purpose of this study is to derive practical implications for human resource management to improve service quality by demonstrating the moderating effect of perceived supervisor support in the relationship between self-leadership, job satisfaction, and customer orientation. Research design, data, and methodology - 800 questionnaires were distributed and collected for beauty service companies with two or more employees. Among them, 602 data were analyzed using SPSS 24 and AMOS 24. For the assessment of goodness of fit of the models, TLI, CFI, RMSEA indices were used. Result -The empirical results are as follows. First, it was found that self-leadership had a positive effect on job satisfaction and customer orientation. Second, job satisfaction was found to have a positive effect on customer orientation. Third, it was found that job satisfaction had a mediating effect in the relationship between selfleadership and customer orientation. Fourth, empirical data showed that the moderating effect of supervisor support in the relationship between self-leadership on job satisfaction was significant. Conclusion -This study contributed to the expansion of related theories by analyzing the moderating effect of perceived supervisor support in the relationship between self-leadership, job satisfaction, and customer orientation, and provides practical implications for efficient human resource management.
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조진만(Jinman Cho),최준영(Jun Young Choi) 경희대학교 인류사회재건연구원 2010 OUGHTOPIA Vol.25 No.3
본 연구의 목적은 국무총리 인사청문회의 위원들이 어떻게 구성되며, 이들이 실제 인사청문회 과정에서 어떠한 기능을 수행하는가를 경험적으로 분석하는데 있다. 구체적으로 본 연구는 국무총리 인사청문회가 실시된 이후부터 현재까지 위원들의 구성이 선수, 의원 성격(지역구의원/비례대표의원), 성별과 관련하여 어떠한 차이를 보이는지를 살펴보았다. 또한 이러한 인사청문회 위원들의 특징들이 실제 인사청문회 과정에서 어떻게 반영되는가를 회의록 내용분석 데이터에 대한 다중 회귀분석을 통하여 경험적으로 분석해보았다. 연구결과, 국무총리 인사청문회의 위원 구성은 주요 정당 내의 정치적인 고려가 작용하는 상황 속에서 선수가 적은 의원, 비례대표의원, 그리고 여성의원이 상대적으로 많이 참여하는 특징을 보였다. 이처럼 전체적인 국회의 구성과 차이를 보이는 국무총리 인사청문회의 정파적인 구성으로 인하여 실제 인사청문회 과정은 후보자의 도덕성과 과거 공직 경힘을 둘러싼 여야간의 첨예한 대립이 더욱 가중되는 특징을 보였다. The purpose of this study is two-folds. First, it is to delve into how the confirmation hearings committee for Prime Minister is comprised. Second, it aims to identify the factors having impacts on the operations of the committee. Specifically, this study examines the composition of the committees by the committee members' seniority, representational characteristics (district/proportional representative), and sex since the beginning of the confirmation hearings in 2000. With respect to the identification of the factors on the operations of the committee, this study depends on the OLS regression analysis. The results are as follows. First, the composition of the committees are significantly influenced by the partisan interests, given the fact that junior, proportional, and female members, who are prone to be very responsive to the partisan interests, are over-represented in the committees. Second, the OLS regression analysis shows that the partisan factor(ruling or opposition party) has the sole and significant impact on the operations of the committee.
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한국 유권자들은 개헌 문제에 대하여 어떻게 분열되어 있는가?
조진만(Jinman Cho) 한국정당학회 2020 한국정당학회보 Vol.19 No.4
본 연구의 목적은 개헌 문제에 대하여 한국의 유권자들이 정치적으로 어떻게 분열되어 있는지를 경험적으로 분석하는 데 있다. 헌법은 법치주의를 채택하고 있는 민주국가에서 최상위법이자 최고의 가치・도덕규범이라는 의미를 갖는다. 이러한 헌법의 기본적인 속성으로 인하여 개헌 문제는 모든 정치적 의제와 담론을 흡수할 수 있는 중요한 쟁점이 된다. 민주화 이후 지금까지 한국에서 다양한 개헌 논의가 이루어져왔지만 실제로 개헌이 이루어지지는 못하였다. 개헌의 방향과 내용에 대한 많은 논의들이 이루어져왔지만 개헌은 궁극적으로 권력자이자 주권자인 유권자의 승인을 얻어야 하기 때문에 유권자들이 개헌 문제에 대하여 어떠한 태도와 입장을 보이는가를 면밀하게 고찰하는 작업은 중요한 의미를 갖는다. 하지만 지금까지 이와 같은 문제에 대하여 이론적 논의와 경험적 분석을 수행한 연구가 존재하지 않는다. 본 연구의 결과, 한국에서 개헌 문제에 대한 유권자 수준의 정치적 분열은 다양한 차원에서 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 구체적으로 대통령의 국정 운영에 대한 평가, 정당선호도, 한국의 민주주의에 대한 평가, 정치효능감, 지방분권과 관련한 거주지 요인, 교육 수준, 세대 요인(연령)이 개헌 문제와 대한 유권자의 입장에 중요한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 본 연구의 결과는 개헌 논의 과정에서 국민들의 관심과 참여를 보다 많이 유도할 수 있는 방안들을 적극적으로 강구하고, 당파성을 초월하여 사회적으로 합의가 가능한 부분들을 중심으로 개헌을 추진하는 것이 현실적일 수 있다는 점을 시사한다. The purpose of this study is to empirically analyze the political divisions on the constitutional amendment issue in Korea. The constitution is the most important law as well as the highest value and moral standard in a democratic country. Due to this basic natures of the constitution, the issue of constitutional amendment is very important. Since the democratization in 1987, various debates regarding the constitutional amendment issue have been held. However, the constitutional amendment has not actually been made. Regarding the constitutional amendment issue, it is important to carefully examine how voters stand on the issue because it will ultimately be approved by the voters. Nevertheless, there has been no research that has carried out theoretical discussions and empirical analysis on it. As a result of this research, the political divisions among Korean voters on the constitutional amendment issue exist. To be more specific, factors such as evaluation for president works, party preference, assessment of democracy, political efficacy had an important influence on voter’s position on the constitutional amendment. In addition, residential factors, educational background, generational gap had an impact on voter’s perception on the issue of the constitutional amendment. The results of this analysis suggest that the public’s interest and participation in the constitutional process have to be more active. Also, It is important to discuss constitutional amendment beyond partisanism. These make possible to get a social agreement on the constitutional amendment.
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공회전시 배기계 이음에 대한 수학적 계산 및 예측기법에 대한 연구
장진만(Jinman Jang),김기동(Kidong Kim),김준완(Junewan Kim),김증희(Joonghee Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2011 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2011 No.11
In general, the main source of vehicle noise is the ignition of engine and to diminish the degree of the noise, exhaust system is used as complicated filters for attenuating the noise more or less. But, even these kinds of filters are playing their roles at their expected frequencies bands, some noises still can be detected by passengers. They are so called ‘abnormal noises’ ,which are discovered when their anti-filters are working well, and it is very difficult to find what is the real problem and what is the basis of this phenomenon. Usually, frequency analysis is the most useful method for studying noise phenomena, but main effect of abnormal noise comes from listener’s feeling, therefore only frequency analysis process is not enough to clarify not only the cause but also the phenomenon itself. In this study, one of the abnormal noise, which can be detected very easily at the tail pipe, has been examined by mathematical way to define the cause of feeling of abnormal noise more effectively and precisely, furthermore also noise filter development process has been developed as a result in order to design proper filter system for exhaust system. For the validation of this calculation and design process, virtual noise has been exerted to calculated filters which had been designed properly by the calculation of former step and then, the noise has been accessed as a listener’s feeling by sound feeling matrices of octave band modulation.
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