The Chinese Practice of Treaty Law

An Jingjing 동국대학교 비교법문화연구소 2019 比較法硏究 Vol.19 No.3

The sovereignty dispute between China and Japan regarding the Diaoyu / Senkaku Islands has captured global media attention and is the cause of some tension between the two countries. One of the major claims of both countries is whether the Islands have been ceded to Japan, and if so, have they been reverted to China.Cession and reversion were completed through a series of treaties as follows: the Treaty of Shimonoseki (1895), the Wartime Declarations (the 1940s)(the Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam Declaration),the San Francisco Treaty (1951), the Sino-Japanese Peace Treaty (1952), the U.S.-Japan Security Treaty (1960) , and the Okinawa Agreement (1971). The sovereignty dispute over the Diaoyu / Senkaku Islands has been illustrated sufficiently from the point of view of history, jurisprudence and international law. However, it is not common to analyze it and then demonstrate the rationality of Chinese claims to the sovereignty of Diaoyu / Senkaku Islands from a treaty law perspective. Therefore, this paper explores the dispute by evaluating and analyzing the treaty law, such as the terms of treaties, the interpretation of treaties, the legal force of treaties, treaties and third states, the confliction and invalidity of treaties and so on. From the perspective of treaty law and in pursuit of the spirit of Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, the Diaoyu / Senkaku Islands have been China's territory since the ancient times and there is no legal basis for Japan to claim the sovereignty of Diaoyu / Senkaku Islands.

Impacts of Road Salts on Leaching Behavior of Lead Contaminated Soil

( Jingjing Wu ),( Timothy Cheney ),( Hwidong Kim ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2015 한국폐기물자원순환학회 3RINCs초록집 Vol.2015 No.-

Research was conducted to explore the effects of road salts on lead leaching from lead contaminated soil samples that were collected in an old residence area in Erie, PA, USA. The leaching test was conducted using a leaching solution used for the synthetic precipitate leaching procedure (SPLP) mixed with commercial road salts purchased from a local home-improvement stores. In order to evaluate lead leaching from lead contaminated soil in the presence of road salts, various levels of road salts (5%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%) were added to the SPLP leaching solution and tested for lead leaching behavior. The results of the leaching test showed that lead leaching was dramatically increased as road salts were added. With 30% of a fixed value of road salt, approximately 50 mg/L of lead was found in the leaching solution of one of the soil samples. This value is 3000 times higher than the Action Level of lead (0.015 mg/L) in the US drinking water standard. The lead leachability was highly dictated by lead mineral species contained in different leadbased paint pigments.

Removing Price Subsidies and Impacts on Consumption and Production Patterns: Evidence From a Systematic Literature Review

JINGJING LIU,Norlida Hanim Mohd Salleh,Masoud Yahoo,Nor Ghani Bin Md Nor,Riayati Ahmad 서울대학교행정대학원 2024 Journal of Policy Studies Vol.39 No.1

Due to the increasing trend in prices for food and energy products in global markets, subsidy removal and complementary policies have received significant attention in recent years. Critics of subsidy removal express concerns about the potential negative effects on the economy, including impacts on GDP, employment, household welfare, and production sectors. This has led to worries among majority economic policy-making bodies regarding potential social unrest, particularly its impact on low-income households. Therefore, there exists a debate in the literature on the potential impacts of subsidy removal. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the impacts of subsidy removal policies and related subjects using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The main research question is, ‘Do subsidy removal schemes necessarily lead to economic distortions?’ The results indicate that impacts on the economy and household indicators are more explored than the influences on government and industry. The magnitude of these impacts varies depending on the types of subsidies and the extent of subsidy reduction. Considerable attention has been given to the impact of energy subsidy removal in Asian developing countries, while there is a lack of studies on other subsidized products and developed countries. Governments are advised to investigate their unique internal policy dynamics while considering external environments.

The Problem of Stowaways in the Modern Context of Maritime Security

JingJing Xu 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 2009 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 학술대회 Vol.2009 No.4

De Facto Exchange Rate Regimes in East Asia

Jingjing Meng 한국경제연구학회 2015 Korea and the World Economy Vol.16 No.1

East Asian economies have taken a variety of exchange rate reforms since the 1997-1998 financial crisis. This paper seeks to explore the evolution of exchange rate regimes in the region based on data from 2003 to 2014. By using a seemingly unrelated regression model, this paper presents evidence of increased links among East Asian economies. The results are three-fold: (i) exchange rate regimes in a number of East Asian economies have changed considerably over time; (ii) the role of the US dollar became more important during the recent global financial crisis; (iii) average correlation among exchange rates of East Asian currencies increased over time after controlling for the effect of potentially important international and regional currencies including the US dollar, the euro and the Japanese yen. The result implies important unobserved common factor that influences daily exchange rate movements of East Asian economies, providing evidence of increased economic linkages among East Asian economies.

Coupling Effect Diagnoses of Quasi-Stationary Mesoscale Vortex in Guangxi Rainstorm Process of China

Jingjing Ge,Hancheng Lu,Wei Zhong 한국기상학회 2011 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.47 No.1

The mesoscale weather system which affected the Guangxi flash-flood-producing rainstorm of China in June 2008 is a quasistationary mesoscale vortex. Its genesis and development is closely related to the coupling effects of weather systems in different scales and different latitudes. On the one hand, the coupling of synoptic scale high- and low-level jets provides the environmental conditions for development of vortices and vertical circulations in the mesoscale vortex; On the other hand, the coupling of waves in mid-latitude westerlies and perturbations in low-latitude warm-moist flow under the influence of complex terrain makes the mesoscale vortex circulations strengthened. With the piecewise potential vorticity (PV) inversion method, PV anomalies in different regions are analyzed; also the vortex-vortex interactions and vortex-background flow interactions are diagnosed. Thus, the reasons why the mesoscale is quasi-stationary at first, while developing and deepening later are indicated. Under the condition of coupling effects, the vertical motions accompanied with the mesoscale vortex can be diagnosed with the PV-ω inversion system based on the analysis of quasi-balanced flow.

Biodegradation of Cellulose by β-glucosidase and Cellulase Immobilized on a pH-responsive Copolymer

Jingjing Liu,Xue-Jun Cao 한국생물공학회 2014 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.19 No.5

Biodegradation of cellulose involves synergisticaction of the endoglucanases, exoglucanases and β-glucosidases in cellulase. However, the yield of glucose islimited by the lack of β-glucosidase to hydrolyze cellobioseinto glucose. In this study, β-glucosidase as a supplementalenzyme along with cellulase are co-immobilized on a pHresponsivecopolymer, poly (MAA-co-DMAEMA-co-BMA)(abbreviated PMDB, where MAA is α-methacrylic acid,DMAEMA is 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and BMAis butyl methacrylate). The thermal and storage stabilitiesof PMDB with immobilized enzymes are improved greatly,compared with those of free cellulase. Biodegradation ofcellulose is carried out in a pH-responsive recyclableaqueous two-phase system composed of poly (AA-co-DMAEMA-co-BMA) (abbreviated PADB 3.8, where AA isacrylic acid) and PMDB. Insoluble substrate and PMDB withimmobilized cellulase and β-glucosidase (Celluclast 1.5LFG and Novozyme 188, respectively) were biased to thebottom phase, while the product was partitioned to the topphase in the presence of 40 mM (NH4)2SO4. When thedegradation reaction of cellulose is carried out with PMDBcontaining immobilized cellulase and β-glucosidase, theconcentration of glucose reaches 4.331 mg/mL after 108 h. The yield of glucose is 50.25% after PMDB containing theimmobilized enzymes is recycled five times.

Transmission Performance of OOK and 4-PAM Signals Using Directly Modulated 1.5-μm VCSEL for Optical Access Network

Jingjing Zhou,Changyuan Yu,Hoon Kim IEEE 2015 Journal of lightwave technology Vol.33 No.15

<P>We evaluate the possibility of realizing optical access networks using 1.5-mu m vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) in the on-off keying (OOK) and four-level pulse amplitude modulation (4-PAM) formats. In order to maximize the power budget of the networks, we optimize the extinction ratio of the 10.7- and 21.4-Gb/s signals and exploit the electrical equalization at the receiver. The experimental comparison made at 10.7 Gb/s shows that the OOK format vastly outperforms the 4-PAM format in terms of tolerance to chromatic dispersion. For example, we achieve the 80-km transmission of the OOK signal over standard single-mode fiber (SSMF), but the maximum reach is halved when the 4-PAM signal is employed. Nevertheless, the 4-PAM format is still an effective way to double the data rate of the VCSEL links in optical access networks. We successfully transmit the 21.4-Gb/s 4-PAM signal generated by using the 1.5-mu m VCSEL over 18-km long SSMF.</P>

Continuity of Care in Chronic Diseases: A Concept Analysis by Literature Review

Jingjing Hu,Yuexia Wang,Xiaoxi Li 한국간호과학회 2020 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Vol. No.

Purpose: This study aimed to utilize concept analysis to obtain a better understanding of the concept of “continuity of care” in chronic diseases. Methods: The concept of continuity of care was analyzed using the Walker and Avant method. Covering literature in English from 1930 to 2018, the data sources included CINAHL Complete, Academic Search Complete, MEDLINE, PsyARTICLES, Health Source: Nursing/ Academic Edition, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and the Cochrane Library. Results: A comprehensive definition of concept of continuity of care was developed based on a systematic search and synthesis. The key defining attributes were identified as (a) care over time, (b) the relationship between an individual patient and a care team, (c) information transfer, (d) coordination, and (e) meeting changing needs. The antecedents of continuity of care were having a chronic disease, inexperienced with disease management, a poorly coordinated healthcare system, and medical care limitations. The consequences of continuity of care were decreasing hospital admissions, reducing costs, reducing emergency room visits, improving the quality of life, improving patient satisfaction, and delivering good healthcare. Conclusion: The thorough concept analysis provides insight into the nature of “continuity of care” in chronic diseases and also helps ground the concept in healthcare.

Push-out tests on stud shear connectors with constrained structure of steel-concrete composite beams

Jingjing Qi,Zuwei Xie,Hua Cao,Zhi Huang,Weirong Lv,Weihua Shi 국제구조공학회 2022 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.83 No.6

The stud shear connector is the main force transfer member in the steel-concrete composite member, and the mechanical behavior is very complicated in the concrete. The concrete around the stud is subjected to the pry-out local pressure concentration of the stud, which can easily produce splitting mirco-cracks. In order to solve the problem of pry-out local splitting of stud shear connector, a kind of stud shear connector with constraint measure is proposed in this paper. Through the push-out test, the interface shear behavior of the new stud shear connector between steel and concrete flange plate was studied, and the difference between the new stud shear connector and the traditional stud connector was compared. The results show that the stud shear connector with constraint measure can effectively avoid the adverse effect of local pressure splitting by relying on its own constraint measure. The shear stiffness of the interface between steel and concrete flange plates is greatly improved, which provides a theoretical basis for the design of strong connection coefficient of steel-concrete composite structures.