Electropulsing Treatment on Enhancement of Electrical Conductivity of Screen-Printed Ag Wire

Ju‑Won Park,Howook Choi,Hwangsun Kim,Simoon Sung,Hye‑Jin Jeong,Il Kim,Jaeseok Gong,Sung‑Tae Hong,Heung Nam Han 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.5

The effect of high electric current density on the sintering of Ag wires manufactured by screen printing is evaluated throughelectrical resistivity analysis and microstructure observation. Different forms (continuous and pulsed) of electric currentwith different current densities are applied to the specimens. Conventional heat treatment is also performed as a controlgroup to examine the athermal effect of electropulsing treatment. Compared to the conventional heat treatment, the resistivityis reduced more under the electropulsing treatment with continuous current for the same temperature and treatment time.Also, the process time of electropulsing treatment can be reduced by applying a pulse form of high density current insteadof continuous current without losing the benefit of enhanced reduction of resistivity. The microstructural observationsobtained from high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscope and a digital precession instrumentclearly show that necking connecting the crystals is formed more firmly under electric current. In addition, the temperaturechange of Ag wire and substrate is calculated according to the change of the resistivity when the electric current is appliedto confirm the reliability.

유치원 교사의 수업전문성과 전문성지원환경간의 관계

윤진주 ( Jin Ju Youn ) 한국아동교육학회 2015 아동교육 Vol.24 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 유치원 교사를 대상으로 그들의 관련변인에 따라 수업전문성 차이를 알아보고, 수업전문성과 전문성지원환경간의 관련성을 검증하는 것이다. 연구대상은 전북지역 유치원 교사 202명으로, 연구도구는 유치원 교사의 수업전문성 측정도구(윤진주, 김지영, 2012)와 전문성지원환경 측정도구(이금란, 2004)를 사용하였다. 자료분석은 t-test, 일원변량분석과 Dunncan 사후검증, Pearson의 적률상관분석, Stepwise 방식에 의한 다중회귀분석을 하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 수업전문성은 교사의 경력과 연령, 기관유형과 담당유아연령에 따라 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 둘째, 수업전문성과 전문성지원환경간에는 정적인 상관관계가 있었다. 셋째, 수업전문성에 미치는 전문성지원환경 중 가장 유의미한 영향 요인은 ‘교사와 유아에 대한 기대’이었다. 본 연구는 유치원 교사의 수업전문성을 독립적으로 다루었다는 점에서 그 의의가 있지만 앞으로는 그들의 수업전문성을 증진.유지시킬 수 있는 방안과 수업전문성에 영향을 미치는 여러 환경에 대한 영향들을 다각적인 측면에서 살펴보아야 할 것이다. The study is focused on how a kindergarten teachers`` teaching professionalism and teaching professionalism level are affected by teachers`` variable factors. Also, the study investigated the relationship between teaching professionalism and professionally supported environment.This study selected similar influential factors via certification process how professionally supported environment could affect kindergarten teachers`` teaching professionalism. Subjects were 202 kindergarten teachers`` in Jeonbuk and the measurement used for the study were "The kindergarten teachers`` teaching professionalism (by Jin-ju Youn and Ji-young Kim, 2012)" and "The professionally supported environment (by Kum-larn Lee, 2004)". The results are followings: First,teaching professionalism showed statistical differences based on teachers`` experience and age, type of teaching organization and kindergartener``s age. Second, there were positive relationship between teaching professionalism and professionally supported environment and especially showed close relationship with professionalism of teaching environment. Third, the most important influential factor for teaching professionalism was expectancy for teacher and preschooler. This study is important that it selected kindergarten teachers`` teaching professionalism and showed how important the organization should offer professionally supported environment to improve kindergarten teachers`` teaching professionalism.

홍민어 Sciaenops ocellatus에서의 바이러스성 신경괴사증 viral nervous necrosis

김진도,김석렬,정성주,김영진,정태성,최태진,박성우,오명주 한국어병학회 2001 한국어병학회지 Vol.14 No.2

1999년 10월에서 11월 사이에 남해안 일대의 홍민어 종묘 생산장에서 20~30열령의 치어가 척추만곡 및 이상유영을 하며 대량 폐사하였다. 병어는 특이 외부 증상이 없었고, 높은 누적폐사량이 바이러스 질병으로 의심되어, 조직학적 및 분자생물학적인 검사를 행하여 폐사원인을 확인하였다. 폐사개체의 조직을 H-E 염색하여 관찰한 결과 뇌와 안구의 신경세포에서 공포와 괴사가 관찰되었고, 전자현미경 관찰에서는 안구와 뇌에서 바이러스 입자가 관찰되었다. RT-PCR 결과에서는 ≒426 bp의 DNA 단편을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과로 홍민어에서 발생한 대량폐사는 바이러스성 신경괴사증(VNN)으로 진단되었다. Mass mortalities occurred among red drum lavae, 20 to 30 days old, culturing at hatcheries on southern costal area. No specific external signs were observed except abnormal swimming and spinal deformity. It was, however, suspected as a viral etiology due to high mass mortalities so that histopathological and molecular biological study was performed to evaluate the agent. Both vacuoles and necrosis were observed on nerve cells of brain and eye by H-E staining, and viral particles were observed on electronmicroscopic examination. On the other hand, DNA fragment, approximately 426 bps, was amplified with RT-PCR. The above results were able to diagnosis the etiological agent of mass moralities in red drum larvae as VNN(viral nervous necrosis)virus.

The Influence of AH-26 and Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Root Canal Sealer on the Shear Bond Strength of Composite Resin to Dentin

Cho, Ju-Yeon,Jin, Myoung-Uk,Kim, Young-Kyung,Kim, Sung Kyo 大韓齒科保存學會 2006 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.31 No.3

AH-26 근관실러가 상아질에 대한 복합레진의 전단결합강도에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 144개의 발거된 대구치를 실린더형의 몰드에 매식한 다음 치관부의 상아질 표면을 노출시킨 후 편평하게 연마하고 AH-26을 도포한 군, ZOE paste를 도포한 군 및 실러를 도포하지 않은 대조군으로 나누어 One-step 상아질 접착제를 처리한 후에 Charisma (Heraeus Kulzer, Germany) 복합레진을 적용하고 광중합시켰다. 시편을 분리하여 37℃ 항온조에 24시간 보관후 Instron test machine (Model 4202, Instron Corp., USA)을 이용하여 시편의 전단 결합 강도를 측정하고 one-way ANOVA 및 Tukey's studentized rank test로 통계 분석하였다. AH-26 근관실러로 처리한 군과 대조군은 ZOE 근관실러 처리군에 비해 유의하게 놓은 접착강도를 나타내었다 (p<0.05). AH-26 근관실러 처리군과 아무 처리하지 않은 대조군 사이에는 결합강도에 있어 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다 (p>0.05). 본 연구의 조건에서는 ZOE 근관실러는 상아질에 대한 복합레진의 전단결합강도를 저하시키는 반면 AH-26 근관실러는 유의한 영향을 미치지는 않는 것으로 보인다. 따라서 임상에서 근관실러로 AH-26을 사용한 근관충전 후에는 즉시 복합레진 코어를 해 주어도 결합력에 저해가 없을 것으로 여겨진다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the AH-26 root canal sealer on the shear bond strength of composite resin to dentin. One hundred and forty four (144) extracted, sound human molars were used. After embedding in a cylindrical mold, the occlusal part of the anatomical crown was cut away and trimmed in order to create a flat dentin surface. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups; the AH-26 sealer was applied to the AH-26 group, and zinc-oxide eugenol (ZOE) paste was applied to the ZOE group. The dentin surface of the control group did not receive any sealer. A mount jig was placed against the surface of the teeth and the One-step dentin bonding agent was applied after acid etching. Charisma composite resin was packed into the mold and light cured. After polymerization, the alignment tube and mold were removed and the specimens were placed in distilled water at 37℃ for twenty four hours. The shear bond strength was measured by an Instron testing machine. The data for each group were subjected to one-way ANOVA and Tukey's studentized rank test so as to make comparisons between the groups. The AH-26 group and the control group showed significantly higher shear bond strength than the ZOE group (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between the AH-26 group and the control one (p>0.05). Under the conditions of this study, the AH-26 root canal sealer did not seem to affect the shear bond strength of the composite resin to dentin while the ZOE sealer did. Therefore, there may be no decrease in bond strength when the composite resin core is built up immediately after a canal filling with AH-26 as a root canal sealer.

채소 기르기 활동이 만 4세 유아의 과학 관련태도 및 과학적 탐구능력에 미치는 영향

김진주 ( Jin Ju Kim ),오은순 ( Eun Soon Oh ) 한국Montessori교육학회 2009 실천유아교육 Vol.14 No.2

본 연구에서는 채소기르기 활동이 만4세 유아의 과학관련태도 및 과학적 탐구능력에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보았다. 연구의 대상은 대전광역시 중구에 소재한 B유치원의 만 4세 연령 학급 유아 50명으로, 25명은 실험집단으로 채소 기르기 활동을 실시하고 25명은 통제집단으로 하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 채소 기르기 활동은 만 4세 유아의 과학관련태도 향상에 긍정적인 영향을 준다. 과학관련 태도의 하위영역별로 살펴보면, 채소기르기 활동은 흥미의 요소 중 과학에 대한 흥미, 과학학습에 대한 흥미, 과학과 관련된 직업에 대한 흥미, 과학에 대한 불안에 긍정적인 영향을 주었으나, 과학과 관련된 활동에 대한 흥미에는 긍정적인 영향을 주지 않았다. 과학적 태도에서는 호기심, 비판성., 협동성, 자진성에서는 긍정적인 영향을 주었으나. 개방성, 끈기성, 창의성에서는 긍정적인 영향을 주지 않았다. 또한 과학에 대한 인식에는 전체적으로 긍정적인 영향을 주지 않는다. 둘째, 채소 기르기 활동은 과학적 탐구능력에는 긍정적인 영향을 준다. 구성 요소에 따라 살펴보면, 예측하기. 분류하기, 측정하기, 토의하기에는 긍정적인 영향을 주었으나, 관찰하기에서는 긍정적인 영향을 주지 않았다. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of vegetable gardening activities for 4-years-old children. For this purpose, this study is focused on learning how effect vegetable gardening activities on 4-years-old children`s science-related attitude and scientific exploration ability. To examine this purpose, the following research questions were investigated: 1. How effects does vegetable gardening activity make on 4-years-old children`s science-related attitudes? 2. How effects does vegetable gardening activity make on 4-years-old children`s scientific exploration ability? The Subjects were fifty children from 2 classes of B kindergarten in Jung-gu, Daejeon. The subject were experimental group consisted of 25 children, while control group consisted of 25 children whose average age 4 years 10 weeks. Measuring tools for this study included the science-related attitude test and the scientific process skills test. For the science-related attitude test researcher modified `Instrument for science-related attitude test` which Che,Jung-yeon had made in 2003 on the basis of Kim, Hyo-nam`s Chung, Wan-ho`s Jeong, Jin-Woo`s national assessment system of science-related affective domain in 1999. And for the scientific exploration ability test researcher modified `Instrument for scientific exploration ability test` which Lee, Kyoug-min had made in 2000 on the basis of Martin`s scientific exploration ability evaluation benchmark in 1997. To verify young children`s science-related attitude, after coming up with score`s difference of pretest and posttest of science-related attitude, executed t-test. To verify young children`s scientific exploration ability, after coming up with frequency and percentage of scientific exploration ability, executed X2-test. The result of study are as follows. First, vegetable gardening activity theory exerted positive effects on 4-years-old children`s science-related attitude. there was also a positive effect as the children`s interest in science, desire to learning more about science, science-related jobs and science-related problems issues increased. However, there was no positive effect on science-related activities. Other positive effects on attitudes to science 4 year old children did vegetable gardening, it increased sense of curiosity, ability critically think, ability to cooperate and ability to volunteer. However, there were no effects on the children`s openness to new ideas, patience and creativity. Second, vegetable gardening activity theory exerted positive effects on 4-years-old children`s scientific exploration ability. this had positive effect as the children`s ability to predict, classify, measure, and discuss improved, but there were no effects on their ability to observe.

일반 모델 덧씌우기 방식을 적용한 농촌지도공무원 역량모델 개발

김진모,주대진,이진화,길대환,주현미,이정은 한국농업교육학회 2007 농업교육과 인적자원개발 Vol.39 No.2

농업인 교육 프로그램 분석

김진모,김진군,마상진,전영욱,이진화,주현미 한국농업교육학회 2007 농업교육과 인적자원개발 Vol.39 No.1

이 연구는 농업인을 대상으로 한 교육 프로그램의 내용 및 방법을 살펴봄으로써 향후 농업인 교육을 위한 기초자료를 제공하는 데 목적이 있었다. 농업인 교육프로그램 분석을 위한 개념적 틀은 관련문헌에 대한 고찰과 수집 자료에 대한 귀납적 분석을 통해 개발되었다. 그 결과, 8가지의 기관 유형, 17가지의 프로그램 내용 영역, 5가지의 교육방법, 3가지의 교육인원, 3가지의 교육기간이 도출되었다. 분석대상은 총 173개 기관의 2,483개 프로그램이었다. 이 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 우리나라의 농업인 교육은 국가기관 및 기술센터 등의 정부기관 주도로 이루어지고 있었다. 둘째, 재배/사육기술, 생활개선 및 농촌건강관리, 정보획득 등의 내용이 주요 교육내용으로 다루어지고 있었다. 셋째, 각 기관 유형별로 비중 있게 다루는 주요 교육내용에 있어서 다소 차이가 있었다. 넷째, 농업인 교육프로그램에서 활용되는 교육방법은 대체적으로 강의에 편중되어 있었다. 다섯째, 교육인원에 있어 중규모와 대규모 인원의 비중이 상대적으로 높았으며, 1 대 1 개별 교육은 전혀 없는 것으로 나타났다. 여섯째, 1일 혹은 3일 이상 이루어지는 교육의 비중이 상대적으로 높았으며, 2일 동안 이루어지는 교육의 비중은 비교적 낮은 편이었다. The purposes of this study were to analyze the farmer education programs in Korea, and to get implications for further program development. The framework for the analysis was developed through extensive literature review and an inductive method. As a result, eight types of organizations for farmer education, seventeen content domains of programs, five instructional methods, three categories of program participant size, and three categories of program period were derived. The subjects of analysis were 2,483 programs of 173 farmer education organizations. The major findings were as follows: 1) Farmer education programs of Korea were led by government agencies such as national organizations and extension agencies. 2) The content domains of cultivating/raising techniques, improvement of life quality and farmer health care, and information acquisition were relatively highly dealt with. 3) Main contents which were dealt with by each type of farmer education organization were differentiated. 4) In terms of instructional method, a lecture had the highest portion in most contents domains. 5) The portion of the middle size and large size of participants was relatively higher than others. And there are no programs which used one by one teaching method. 6) The portion of programs for 1 day or 3days was relatively higher, and the portion of programs for 2 days was lower.

1995년 및 1996년에 국내에서 분리된 풍진바이러스의 염기서열 및 계통분석

백락주,송기준,정재희,정희진,김우주,김민자,송진원,김세연,이용주,박광숙,강주일 대한감염학회 1997 감염 Vol.29 No.3

목적: 유소아에서 경한 발진성 질환을 일으키는 풍진바이러스는 토가바이러스과에 속하며 일회 감염으로 평생면역을 획득하는 것으로 알려져 왔다. 그러나 1960년대 후반 풍진예방접종이 시행된 이후 선진국의 경우 풍진 호발 연령이 유소아에서 청소년 층으로 변화하는 양상을 나타내었으며 우리 나라의 경우에도 1995년에서 1996년도 사이에 발생한 풍진대유행기에 주로 중 고등학생층에서 풍진이 호발하였다. 주기적인 풍진의 유행에도 불구하고 우리 나라에서는 최근까지도 풍진 바이러스의 분리나 유전정보에 대한 연구보고가 없어 이에 대한 연구를 시행하였다. 방법: 1995년에서 1996년에 발생한 풍진 환자의 인후분비물을 채취하여 세포배양법으로 풍진바이러스 분리를 시도하였으며, 분리된 풍진바이러스의 RNA를 추출하여 역전사 중합효소연쇄반응법으로 증폭한 후 염기서열 및 아미노산 서열을 결정 분석하였다. 결과: 세포배양을 통해 7주의 풍진바이러스를 분리하였으며 국내 풍진바이러스주들은 염기서열상 92.5-100%의 동질성을 나타내었고, 백신주 RA27/3과는 2.2-6.4%의 차이를 보였다. 아미노산서열상에서는 국내에서 분리된 풍진바이러스주들은 98.3-100%의 동질성을 나타내었고, 백신주 RA27/3과는 1.7%이하의 차이를 보였다. 계통분석 결과 국내에서는 최소한 2가지 유형의 풍진바이러스가 유행하였다. 결론: 국내에서 유행한 풍진바이러스주의 E1 gene 부위를 기존에 알려진 외국의 분리주나 백신주와 비교시 의미있는 차이는 관찰되지 않았으며 Vero E6 세포는 풍진바이러스의 분리배양에 유용함을 알수 있었다. 그러나 풍진바이러스의 지속적인 변이 양상이 관찰된 사실은 체계적이고 지속적인 풍진바이러스 감시체계의 필요성을 제시하였다. Background: The age group of Rubella virus (RV) infection in most industrialized nations located in temperate climates, has in large part shifted from children to young adults since introducing of the RV vaccine in late 1960's. Interestingly, there were rubella outbreakes from 1995 through 1996 in Korea, and middle and high school students were mostly affected during that time. Although continued of genetic information of rubella viruses circulated in Korea. Method: To isolate RV circulated in Korea, and determine the phylogenetic relationship between RV strains in Korea and RV isolates from other geographic regions including vaccine strains, we inoculated nasopharyngeal secretion samples from clinically diagnosed rubella patients to Vero E6 cells, and sequenced corresponding region of the 5' EL encoding genomic regions of RV isolates. Result: Seven RV strains isolated from Korea showed 93.6 to 97.8% and 98.3 to 100% sequence homologies in nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively, compared to RA27/3 vaccine strain. Phylogenetic tree based on 359bp of RV indicated that at least two different groups of RV circulated in Korea during 1995-1996 epidemics. Conclusion: Our data suggested that mutant RV strains were possiblely not the cause of recent rubella epidemics in Korea.

체간안정화 훈련이 만성 뇌졸중 환자의 호흡기능에 미치는 효과

이경진(Kyeong-Jin Lee),정주현(Ju-Hyeoun Jeong),조명래(Myeong-Rae Jo),김세윤(Se-Yoon Kim),김난수(Nan-Soo Kim) 대한심장호흡물리치료학회 2019 대한심장호흡물리치료학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of trunk stability training on improving trunk control, respiratory function, and respiratory muscle activation in stroke patients. Methods : The subjects were assigned to two groups: the intervention group (n=15) and the control group (n=15). Both groups participated in a conventional stroke rehabilitation program, but the intervention group also received trunk stability training for 30 minutes a day, 3 times a week, for 6 weeks. The main trunk stability exercise consisted of the dead bug exercise. Trunk control was assessed using a trunk impairment scale, and respiratory function (pulmonary function and respiratory muscle function) was assessed using spirometry. The data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation, independent t-test, and paired t-test. Results : Trunk control was significantly positively correlated with pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength. Both groups showed a significant increase in trunk control and respiratory function. Conclusion : This study demonstrated that a conventional stroke rehabilitation program and trunk stability training have positive effects on respiratory function and respiratory muscle activation in stroke patients.

이압요법이 병원여성근로자의 월경곤란증에 미치는 효과

오은주,장옥점,정현자,이혜진,김은정 병원간호사회 2008 임상간호연구 Vol.14 No.1

Purpose: This study was done to provide support material to traditional nursing interventions through investigation of the effect of Auricular acupressure therapy for female staff in the hospital who have dysmenorrhea but cannot be absent from work even with severe symptoms affecting their work and therefore cannot get proper pain management. Method: The participants in this study were 62 women were working in the G-university hospital in Jin-ju, assigned to experimental (30) and 32 control groups (32). The study method was a quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. The experimental group received acupressure treatment (a pin was attached to tape) on the special stimulation points in the inside of the ear, 5 times for 5 seconds, morning, afternoon, and night. Tape without the pressure pin was applied to the same points for women in the control group to evaluate placebo effect. Data were collected from May to November 2007 and were analyzed using SPSS PC+ 12 version. Descriptive statistics, t-test, x2 -test, Fisher's exact test, paired t-test, were used to analyze the data. Results: The experimental group showed a significant decrease in dysmenorrhea compared to the control group (t=-2.743, p<.01). In the sub-part, the experimental group showed menstruation related pain (t=-3.726, p<.01), menstruation related to behavioral change (t=-2.421, p<.05) and symptoms however, there was no significant difference related to attention deficit, water retention, and negative image. Conclusion: Application of auricular acupressure therapy was approved for this study and although auricular acupressure therapy was not effective for all of the symptoms, it was effective for dysmenorrhea.