키르기스스탄 출토 중국계 동경을 통해 본 西遼(1124∼1218)의 교류사적 의미

박진경(Park, Jin-Kyung) 한국미술사학회 2023 美術史學硏究 Vol.318 No.318

키르기스스탄 노보포크로브카(Novopokrovka) 지역에서 출토된 중국계 동경은 遼·金系 양식으로 카자흐스탄 동남부 및 키르기스스탄 북부를 중심으로 발견해온 동경들과 유사한 특징을 나타낸다. 五代 이후로 중앙아시아에서는 좀처럼 보기 어려웠던 중세 중국계 동경이 이 지역을 중심으로 다시 발견되는 양상을 살필 수 있어 주목된다. 중국계 동경들은 키르기스스탄-카자흐스탄의 국경 지대로 추이 계곡(Chuy Vаllеу)을 포함한 주변 지역에서 주로 출토되었다. 이 지역은 12세기 초 거란이 金에게 중원을 내어주고 서쪽으로 이동해 西遼(Qara Khitai, 1124∼1218)를 다시 세웠던 곳으로 당시 수도였던 발라사군(Balasaghun)을 포함해 서요의 주요 거점지역에 해당하였다. 특히 중국의 동북삼성을 중심으로 출토된 금대 동경과 한국의 고려시대 유적에서 출토된 금계 동경과의 관련성도 찾을 수 있어 금계 양식이 국제적인 양식으로 유라시아의 광범위한 영역에서 소비 및 유통되었던 상황과도 연결된다. 서요가 멸망했던 13세기 초 이후로 중국계 동경이 중앙아시아에서 출토되는 양상은 현저히 줄어든다. 몽골의 침략과 함께 오아시스 지역의 중심 도시들이 13세기를 하한선으로 갑자기 쇠락해 상당 기간 회복되지 못했을 뿐 아니라 이슬람 문화권의 영향력이 더욱 확대됨에 따라 중국계보다 이슬람계 동경이 더 선호되었던 소비 기호의 경향 역시 주요한 요인으로 작용했을 것이다. Chinese-style bronze mirrors in the style of the Liao and Jin Dynasties excavated in Novopokrovka, Kyrgyzstan, display similarities to those found in southeastern Kazakhstan and northern Kyrgyzstan. As Chinese-style bronze mirrors of Central Asia rarely date later than the period of the Five Dynasties, the Novopokrovka mirrors are remarkable as being from the medieval period. They were mostly excavated in the Chuy Valley, the border area between Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. In the early twelfth century, the Khitans lost the central China to the Jurchens and migrated to the west to establish the Qara Khitai (Western Liao). The new dynasty was centered around the Chuy Valley, including the capital city of Balasaghun. The Novopokrovka mirrors are mostly in the style of the Liao and Jin Dynasties from the late eleventh to the early thirteenth century, and closely resemble the Jin-style mirrors, mainly found in the three northeastern provinces of China—Jilin, Liaoning, Heilongjian—, and Koryŏ sites in Korea, implying the production and distribution of the Jin-style mirrors as an international style in the large areas of Eurasia. There are fewer examples of Chinese bronze mirrors made after the early thirteenth century, when the Western Liao collapsed . After the Mongolian invasion, the cities in the oasis region met sudden decline by no later than the thirteenth century and did not recover for a considerable amount of time. Furthermore, the preference for various types of Islamicstyle mirrors, brought on by the expansion of Islamic influence may have also contributed to the decline of the Chinese-style mirrors.

Association of 20 potential ATP2B1‐interacting genes with blood pressure in Koreans

Kyung‐Won Hong,Hyun‐Seok Jin,Ji‐Eun Lim,Bermseok Oh 한국유전학회 2011 Genes & Genomics Vol.33 No.3

Plasma membrane calcium‐transporting ATPase 1 (ATP2B1)is associated significantly with blood pressure in Caucasians and Asians. ATP2B1 regulates calcium homeostasis and belongs to the P‐type calcium pump family; several studies have identified diverse proteins that bind to ATP2B1. We hypothesized that ATP2B1 regulates blood pressure through ATP2B1‐interacting genes. To this end, 20 potential ATP2B1‐interacting genes were selected, 197 SNPs of which were analyzed for their association of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. These 20 genes were categorized into 2 groups: ATP2B1‐binding genes and ATP2B1‐cleaving calpain family members. Three ATP2B1‐binding genes (CALM1, NOS1, and PDLIM1)were associated with blood pressure, and a SNP in CALM1(rs2401887) generated the strongest association signal (beta=‐3.60±0.92, p=8.9×10^(‐5) for systolic blood pressure and beta=‐1.40±0.62, p=0.02 for diastolic blood pressure). Of the calpain family members, 3 genes (CAPN6, CAPN9, and CAPN10)were associated with blood pressure, and the CAPN10 SNP rs4676348 yielded the strongest association signal (beta=‐0.88±0.27, p=0.001 for systolic blood pressure and beta=‐0.58±0.18, p=0.015 for diastolic blood pressure). Further, the interaction of CALM1 to ATP2B1 was examined using the blood pressure of individuals who carried both variants of CALM1and ATP2B1 genes. Similarly the interaction of CAPN10 to ATP2B1 was also examined. The CALM1 variant (rs2401887)and CAPN10 variants (rs4676348) appear to decrease blood pressure further in addition to the decrease by the variant (rs17249754) of ATP2B1, which suggests that ATP2B1 might regulate blood pressure through the ATP2B1‐interacting genes CALM1 and CAPN10.

Differential Manifestation of Ocular Phenotypes in TALEN-mediated p19arf Knockout FVB/N and C57BL/6J mouse lines

Jin‑Sung Park,Joo‑Il Kim,Hyun‑Jin Lim,Soo‑Kyung Ryu,Euna Kwon,Kang‑Min Han,Ki‑Taek Nam,Han‑Woong Lee,Byeong‑Cheol Kang 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.9

Background p19arf, primarily known as a tumor suppressor, has also been reported to play an essential role in normal development of mouse eyes. Consistently, lack of p19arf has been associated with ocular defects, but the mixed background of the knockout (KO) mouse strain used raised a concern on the accuracy of the phenotypes observed in association with the targeted gene due to genetic heterogeneity. Object We carried out a study to investigate into the efect of genetic background on the manifestation of p19arf KO associated phenotypes. Methods We characterized the phenotypes of novel p19arf KO mouse lines generated in FVB/N and C57BL/6J using a transcription activator-like efector nuclease (TALEN) system in comparison to the reported phenotypes of three other p19arf-defcient mouse lines generated using homologous recombination. Results Ninety-fve percent of FVB/N-p19arf KO mice showed ocular opacity from week 4 after birth which worsened rapidly until week 6, while such abnormality was absent in C57BL/6J-p19arf KO mice up to the age of 26 weeks. Histopathological analysis revealed retrolental masses and dysplasia in the retinal layer in FVB/N-p19arf KO mice from week 4. Besides these, both strains developed normally from birth to week 26 without increased tumorigenesis except for a subcutaneous tumor found in a C57BL/6J-p19arf KO mouse. Conclusion Our fndings demonstrated surprisingly variable manifestation of p19arf-linked phenotypes between FVB/N and C57BL/6J mice, and furthermore between our mouse lines and the established lines, indicating a critical impact of genetic background on functional study of genes using gene targeting strategies in mice.

Conceptual Study for Tissue-Regenerative Biodegradable Magnesium Implant Integrated with Nitric Oxide-Releasing Nanofi bers

Jin‑Kyung Jeon,Hyunseon Seo,Jimin Park,Soo Ji Son,Yeong Rim Kim,Eun Shil Kim,Jong Woong Park,Woong‑Gyo Jung,Hojeong Jeon,Yu‑Chan Kim,Hyun‑Kwang Seok,Jae Ho Shin,Myoung‑Ryul Ok 대한금속·재료학회 2019 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.25 No.4

The excessive initial corrosion rate of Mg is a critical limitation in the clinical application of biodegradable Mg implantsbecause the device loses its fi xation strength before the fractured bone heals. This study suggests a new approach to overcomethis hurdle by accelerating tissue regeneration instead of delaying the implant biodegradation. As angiogenesis is anessential process in early bone regeneration, a Mg implant coated with electrospun nanofi bers containing nitric oxide (NO),which physiologically promotes angiogenesis, is designed. The integrated device enables adjustable amounts of NO to bestored on the NO donor-conjugated nanofi ber coating, stably delivered, and released to the fractured bone tissue near theimplanted sites. An in vitro corrosion test reveals no adverse eff ect of the released NO on the corrosion behavior of the Mgimplant. Simultaneously, the optimal concentration level of NO released from the implant signifi cantly enhances tube networkformation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells without any cytotoxicity problem. This indicates that angiogenesis canbe accelerated by combining NO-releasing nanofi bers with a Mg implant. With its proven feasibility, the proposed approachcould be a novel solution for the initial stability problem of biodegradable Mg implants, leading to successful bone fi xation.

A toxicogenomics study of two chemicals in coffee roasting process

Kyung‑Taek Rim,Soo‑Jin Kim 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2020 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.16 No.1

Background Roasted coffee beans are broadly consumed in nearly all classes of the population. 2,3-Butanedione is a food flavor that causes obstructive bronchiolitis in microwave popcorn manufacturing workers. It can be naturally produced when coffee is roasted. Objective To determine effects of 2,3-butanedione (diacetyl) and 2,3-pentanedione on workers’ health during the coffee roasting process, we performed a toxicogenomics study for differentially expressed genes in lung cells after exposure to the two chemicals. Results Gene selection was performed by clustering, gene ontology/pathway, and data mining using microarray data. Target microRNAs and genes were selected based on the expression of microRNAs and correlation analysis of genes and microRNAs. As a result of expression analysis of target gene miRNAs affected by the two chemicals, it was evaluated that Fosl1, Rb1, Aspn, Dusp1, Rnf19b, Jun, and Hbegf were over-regulated by targeting down-regulated miRNAs mutated by two chemicals. Using OMIM database and KEGG pathway, we found that Terc and Bmpr2 were two changed genes by matching with the KEGG disease pathway database. Conclusion Dosage, duration, exposure, and extrapolations are necessary to reflect effects of diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione on workers in the coffee roasting process. This study focuses on early biochemical changes, mechanisms, and early biomarker discovery when normal lung cells are exposed to these two chemicals.

주부의 댄스스포츠 참여가 심리적 하위요인에 미치는 영향

김경란,김성복,정진영,이경일 한국스포츠리서치 2001 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.12 No.4

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between house wife's participation on dance sports, marital communication and marriage satisfaction. Specifically, it aims to examine: The influence of the dance sports involvement on marital communication, and marriage satisfaction. The subjects of this study was selected by cluster random sampling of involvement(participation 561, non-participation 177) in dance program facility of Seoul, Kyung-ki, Daejun, and Kwang-ju. The survey questionnaires were used to collect the data. The questionnaire for the formalization factor marital communication, had been developed by Lee(1991). And also the marriage satisfaction had been developed by Kwon & Chei(1998). The statistical methods such as multiple regression analysis. From the analyses of the data, the study reached the following conclusions: Marital communication and marriage satisfaction of dance sport participant house wife are partially influence marriage satisfaction.

(±)-Camphor가 ICR 마우스 수컷의 간 cytochrome P450 효소 활성에 미치는 영향

오은경,박형건,배기현,최옥진,최은경,최창근,한진희,정태천 한국환경독성학회 2002 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Effects of (±)-camphor on liver cytochrome P450 enzymes were investigated in male ICR mice. Mice were treated intraperitoneally with 0, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of (±) -camphor in corn oil for 3 consecutive days. Twenty four hr after the final treatment, the animals were subjected to necropsy. The activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase and serum alanine aminotransferase were slightly changed by the treatment with (±)-camphor at the doses used. Administration o(±)-camphor to mice significantly induced the hepatic activities of pentoxyresorufin O-depentylase and benzyloxyresorufin O-debenzylase and weakly induced ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase in dose-dependent manners. The present results suggested that (±)-camphor might act as a relatively specific inducer of hepatic cytochrome P450 213 in male ICR mice.

일제강점기 초등교육의 본질 : 교육과정 요소를 중심으로 Goals and Objectives, Contents, Teaching Methods, and Evaluations

김경자,김민경,김인전,이경진,김유진 한국초등교육학회 2004 초등교육연구 Vol.17 No.1

이 연구에서는 초등교육의 본질을 탐색하기 위하여 일제강점기 초등교육에 대한 탐구를 하였다. 구체적으로 이 연구에서는 일제 강점기 교육제도, 교육목표, 교과 및 교육내용, 교육방법, 평가, 교원양성 등에 나타난 특수성을 탐구하고, 4차에 걸친 조선교육령 시기에 나타나는 규칙적인 현상을 밝혀보았다. 그리고 연구 결과는 이 연구에서 잠정적으로 전제한 공교육의 이상과 초등교육의 일반성과 관련지어 해석되었고, 이는 다시 현재 진행되고 있는 7차 초등교육과정과 관련하여 어떤 것이 지속되고, 어떤 것이 변화되었는지에 대한 논의로 전개되었다. 가능한 광범위하게 수집한 1차적 사료와 2차적 사료를 교육에 대한 관점별로 범주화하고 연구에서 다루고자 하는 요소별로 정리를 하였다. 필요한 경우, 직접 일제강점기 초등교육을 경험한 사람들을 면접하였다. 연구결과, 일제강점기 초등교육의 목표는 기형적인 "국민"을 길러내는 것이었으며, 이러한 목표를 달성하기 위한 교육내용, 교육방법, 교육평가는 기능적 측면에서 "잘", 효율적으로 기능할 수 있도륵 일관성을 유지하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 교육적일 수 없는 모순을 내재한 것이 된다. 따라서 일제강점기 초등교육에서 초등교육의 본질을 찾기가 어렵다는 결론을 내릴 수 있다. This research aims to seek the real nature of elementary education by investigating the system in Korea under the rule of Japanese imperialism (1909-1945). Special characteristics are identified in their goals and objectives, contents, teaching methods, and evaluations in elementary education system during the period. Futhermore, some regular phenomena are traced out during the four-time amendments of education rules in the law. Firstly, the results of this study are described in the viewpoint of the ideals in public education, which are tentatively proposed by our authors. Secondly, they are compared and contrasted to the 7th Amended National Curriculum of Korea in terms of the perspectives of curriculum. Some parts in the research are supported by the interviewees who had experienced in the elementary education during the imperialistic period. The result suggests that the system in the colonized period was conducted to cultivate the students who were inappropriate in compared with our ideals in the education. For the goals, the elements of the system in the above were consistently maintained and functionally well-carried out. Therefore, the system was not evaluated as educative intrinsically. Henceforth, the real nature of elementry education would not be drawn in the system during the rule in conclusion.

주택연금 수익비 분석에 관한 연구

최경진(Choi, Kyung-Jin),이동화(Lee, Dong-Hwa) 한국경영교육학회 2020 경영교육연구 Vol.35 No.4

[연구목적] 주택연금은 생존 시 자신의 소유주택에 거주하면서 월지급금을 받을 수 있을 뿐 만 아니라 사망 시 주택처분가액이 대출잔액에 비해 높을 경우 그 차액에 대해 상속이 가능하다. 그러나 이러한 장점에도 불구하고 월지급금에 대한 불만족으로 주택연금의 가입률은 저조한 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 주택연금의 장점을 반영한 연령 및 주택가격별 가입자의 수익비를 산출하여 주택연금의 종합적 가치를 분석하고 관련 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다. [연구방법] 본 연구는 주택연금의 장점을 계량화하여 가입 시 주택가격 대비 월지급금, 거주안정, 유산의 현재가치를 모두 합한 총 주택연금가치의 비율을 수익비로 정의하여 2019년 기준 가입연령별 주택연금의 수익비를 산정하였다. [연구결과] 주택연금의 수익비를 산정한 결과, 모든 연령대에서 수익비가 1을 초과하는 것으로 나타나 주택연금의 사회보장적 성격이 내재되었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 저 연령 가입자 일수록 수익비는 높게 나타나 저연령 가입자가 상대적으로 유리한 구조로 주택연금제도가 설계된 것을 확인할 수 있었다. [연구의 시사점] 따라서 유형의 월지급금 뿐 만 아니라 주택연금에 내재된 거주안정 및 유산의 가치 등 주택연금의 종합적인 가치를 면밀히 고려하여 합리적인 가입의사결정을 할 필요가 있다. [Purpose] Korean are reluctant to join the reverse mortgage as they are unsatisfied for the level of monthly payment even though the reverse mortgage provides various benefits. In this paper, we conduct money’s worth analysis in order to deal with reasons why they do not prefer to join reverse mortgage in Korea. [Methodology] We define the total value of reverse mortgage which includes the ratio of property value and monthly payment, the residential stability and the present value of inheritance. And then we calculate the money’s worth ratio of reverse mortgage by borrower’s age as of 2019. [Findings] Our results show that the money’s worth ratio for all ages was calculated more than 1, confirming that the characteristics of social security is inherent in the reverse mortgage. Additionally, the younger member joins the reverse mortgage, the higher money’s worth ratio are provided in our results. That is, the reverse mortgage is designed with a relatively favorable structure for younger borrowers. [Implications] Thus, peoples need to decide rationally by considering aggregate value of reverse mortgage which consists of not only monthly payment but also the residential stability and inheritance value.

비만 성인에서 복부 내장지방과 단순 비만 지표와의 연관성 연구

유진숙 ( Jin Sook Yoo ),송윤경 ( Yun Kyung Song ),임형호 ( Hyung Ho Lim ) 한방재활의학과학회 2010 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.20 No.2

Objectives: This study examined search on how the obesity indices, that are largely used in clinics such as waist circumference(WC), body mass index(BMI) and waist-hip ratio(WHR), are related to the visceral fat that was measured from abdominal computed tomography(CT) and the ratio of visceral fat/subcutaneous fat. Then, two groups were compared in order to find out which characteristics of ordinary adults relationship with the abdominal obesity. Two groups are divided as follows; ones who are obese based on the measurement of WC and the others who are obese based on the level of BMI. Methods :A group of 63 test subjects that were gathered in the oriental medical hospital of Kyung-Won university is divided into two groups; ones (n=51, general obesity; group A) who have BMI≥25 and WC≥85, and the others (n=12, abdominal obesity; group B) who have BMI<25 and WC≥85. Then, each group’s obesity indices, abdominal CT, lipid level, glucose, adiponectin, leptin and C-reactive protein(CRP) are compared. In addition, subjects are again divided into two to examine the characteristics; ones (n=14, visceral obesity; group C) with visceral obesity based on the ratio between visceral fat and subcutaneous fat measured through abdominal CT, and the others (n=38, non-visceral obesity; group D) who are obese but not viscerally obese. Results & Conclusions :As a measurement that applies abdominal visceral fat and subcutaneous fat, BMI and WC can be considered as an appropriate obesity index while WHR cannot appropriately apply the abdominal fat amount. Moreover, the study indicates that abdominal obesity group based on the ratio of visceral fat/subcutaneous fat has more significant difference than the abdominal obesity group based on the WC in case of blood lipid index.