Helen Maria Williams’s Love of England in A Farewell, for Two Years, to England

( Kim¸ Jihee ) 한국현대영어영문학회 2021 현대영어영문학 Vol.65 No.3

After publishing her Letters Written in France (1790), Helen Maria Williams planned to travel to France again, for two years. Given the timing of her proposed trip, in a period when England had increasing concerns about, and was generally hostile to, the situation in France, she would have been keenly aware of the risks involved in a two-year trip there. Coupled with her support for the French Revolution, her long stay in France would have increased suspicions about her loyalty to England. This essay argues that Williams uses her poem A Farewell, for Two Years, to England (1791) to demonstrate her love of England and, at the same time, to defend herself against the criticisms of her sympathy for French liberty. This essay examines what makes Williams compose a poem before her trip to France by describing the changing social context of that period. By exploring Anna Seward’s shifting responses to the events in France and studying a review in the Gentleman’s Magazine of Letters, this paper reveals the criticisms that Williams would have faced. It then examines her strategies to demonstrate her loyalty to England and, at the same time, to present her support of French liberty in the poem. (Dongguk University)

Female Victims of the Terror in Williams’s Fifth Volume of Letters

( Kim¸ Jihee ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2021 영어권문화연구 Vol.14 No.2

This paper discusses the ways in which Helen Maria Williams represents female victims to criticise the Reign of Terror in her fifth volume of Letters. In accordance with the decree by the French National Convention, she was imprisoned for two months between October and November 1793 and was released in late November. To avoid another arrest for her connection with the Girondins, she departed to Switzerland in June 1794. In this volume, she narrates what she has been through during the Terror, representing herself as a victim of the Terror. Her accounts of arrest and exile vividly present her feelings when she was taken from her domestic space and forced apart from her family. As a survivor of the Terror, she also tells stories of other victims: Charlotte Corday and Madame Roland, who were guillotined. These women were accused of lacking femininity and abandoning their domestic roles. To rebut the accusations against them, Williams provides different representations of them using several sources, including her first-hand accounts and Roland’s own testimony. Through the stories of the female victims, Williams uses the fifth volume of Letters as evidence of the oppression of the Terror.

소비자의 시장전망이 주택구매 의사 결정과 주택거래에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

문지희 ( Moon¸ Jihee ),정의철 ( Chung¸ Eui-chul ) 한국부동산분석학회 2021 不動産學硏究 Vol.27 No.3

주택시장에서 소비자의 심리적 요인에 대한 중요성은 여러 연구를 통해 증명되었으나, 심리적 요소 자체의 형성과 시장에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구는 부족하였다. 이러한 배경에서 소비자의 주택시장에 대한 심리적 인식의 형성과 그에 따른 주택구매 의사 결정의 방향, 궁극적으로 주택거래시장 분석에 대한 심리변수의 기여도를 파악하기 위해 세 가지 분석을 진행하였다. 첫째, 가구의 개별 특성과 주택가격에 대한 시각이 주택구매에 대한 의사 결정에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 주택가격 상승을 전망한 소비자는 상승 전망 시점을 주택구입의 적기로 인식하였고, 주택구입계획을 가질 확률 또한 증가했다. 그러나 실제 가격 상승기에 구입계획을 가질 확률은 낮아졌다. 가격 상승기를 주택구입의 적정 시점으로 인지하지만, 실제 구입에는 부담을 느낀 것으로 보인다. 주택 처분 확률은 가격상승을 전망할 경우 높아졌다. 그러나 실제 가격 상승기에는 처분 확률이 감소했으며, 가격 하락기에 처분 확률이 증가했다. 가격 상승기 주택의 보유를 통해 가치를 극대화하여 손실을 최소화하려는 보유 효과의 영향이 나타난 것으로 해석된다. 둘째, 소비자의 적정 주택구입시점 인식에 영향을 미치는 요인을 시계열 자료로 분석하였다. 주택구입자금 조달조건, 가구소득 대비 주택가격, 주택매매가격 예상 상승률, 정부의 부동산정책 기조, 소비자의 주택가격에 대한 인식이 적정 주택구입시점 판단에 어떠한 영향을 주는지 확인하였다. 가구는 주택구입자금의 조달 비용이 증가하거나 가구소득에 비해 주택매매가격이 높은 시점에서 주택구입에 대한 의사가 낮아졌다. 반면 주택매매가격 예상 상승률이 높게 나타난 시기를 주택구입의 적정시점으로 인식하였는데, 여기에는 자본이득의 동기가 내포된 것으로 보인다. 정부의 부동산규제완화 정책도 소비자의 인식에 긍정적 영향을 준다. 소비자의 주택매매가격에 대한 전망도 주택구입에 긍정적 영향을 주었는데, 이 결과는 첫 번째 분석의 결과와 같은 방향을 보였다. 마지막으로 국내의 다양한 소비자 심리지수와 주택매매가격과 주택매매거래량과의 관계를 분석하고, 심리지수가 주택시장에 대한 예측력을 향상시키는지 확인하였다. 분석 결과 심리지수는 주택매매거래량에 양(+)의 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으나, 주택매매가격과는 유의미한 관계가 나타나지 않았다. 심리지수가 모형에 추가됨에 따라 거래량 모형의 설명력 및 예측력이 향상되었다. 심리지수와 주택가격 간에 유의미한 관계는 추정되지 않았으나, 거래량과 가격 간의 관계를 분석한 선행 연구들의 결과를 통해 심리지수와 거래량, 가격의 파급효과를 예상해볼 수 있다.

Development of a Forest Fire Detection System Using a Drone-based Convolutional Neural Network Model

Jihee Lee(Jihee Lee),Keesin Jeong(Keesin Jeong),Haiyoung Jung(Haiyoung Jung) 한국화재소방학회 2023 International Journal of Fire Science and Engineer Vol.37 No.2

Considering forest fires cause environmental destruction, ecosystem collapse, and severe damage to human lives and nature, developing a real-time, accurate, and stable forest fire detection system has become a critical issue in modern society. In this study, a drone-based forest fire detection system was developed using a convolutional neural network (CNN) model. Real-time forest fire detection models were developed using the CNN-based MobileNet algorithm, and their fire detection performance was evaluated. The main research results indicated that errors decreased and accuracy tended to increase during the model training and validation process as training progressed. Moreover, the V1 model exhibited the highest validation accuracy of 0.9466 among the MobileNet V1, V2, and V3 models and showed the highest accuracy of 0.9667 in evaluating the new test dataset during the model evaluation process.

“Truth was so blended with falsehood”: Truth, Misrepresentation, and Letters in Charlotte Smith’s Desmond

( Jihee Kim ) 한국18세기영문학회 2019 18세기영문학 Vol.16 No.2

During the French Revolution, letters played a crucial role in the debate on the Revolution among the English. This paper discusses the ways in which author Charlotte Smith engages in fictional epistolary narrative to participate in the debate through her novel Desmond (1792). Writing epistolary fiction was a new and challenging experience for her, as expressed in her concerns in the preface to Desmond. However, she ably employs letters in different ways to describe English society, where misrepresentations of the Revolution were widespread. While showing two conflicting points of view, either within a single letter or among multiple letters, she portrays letters as a means of delivering truth as well as an obstacle to reaching truth. She represents her trustworthy narrator Lionel Desmond as a person capable of hiding the truth, placing her readers in a state of uncertainty. By examining these diverse rhetorical strategies of the letter form and by tracing the shifting of Desmond’s narrative authority, this paper shows the ways in which Smith encourages her readers to cast doubt on the genuineness of the information presented, as well as the necessity for challenging all information that is presented as truth.

The Purloined Letter of “友”: A Critique of Ezra Pound’s Poetics of Translation

( Jihee Han ) 한국영어영문학회 2019 영어 영문학 Vol.65 No.4

Taking note of Pound’s “programmatically cosmopolitan” comparative criticism in The Spirit of Romance, this paper challenges Hugh Kenner’s argument that Cathay’s achievement lies in Pound’s serious “effort to rethink the nature of an English poem.” In the discursive contexts of Foucault’s critique of truth and power and Martin Heiddeger’s notion of ‘being in the world,’ this paper suggests that Pound’s translated text does not constitute a second-order representation or a derivative, fake, potentially false copy of Li Bai’s original poetic texts, but rather a specimen of ‘another original’ created by a translator. For this purpose, this paper selects “Seeing Off Meng Haoran Leaving for Guanglin at Yellow Crane Pavilion,” “Seeing Off a Friend,” and “Seeing Off a Friend Heading for Shu Country.” For these three translated texts share a cryptic presence of “a friend” (“故人” or “友” in classical Chinese written characters), which may facilitate a novel understanding of Pound’s capability in the convergence of Eastern and Western poetic traditions that he had known of. Given the new approach, this paper attempts to reassess the real achievement of Cathay in the frontier of comparative poetics and makes an estimation of how Pound discloses Li’s world for readers to meditate on their ‘being in the world’ with his full-fledged vision of Vorticism. Ultimately, this paper aims to demonstrate that Pound’s editorial judgment, fashioned in the process of translating these three poems, constituted a critical preparatory stage for the refinement of his Vorticist vision.

Amygism or Imagism?: Re-Vision of Amy Lowell’s Discourse of Imagism

( Jihee Han ) 한국영어영문학회 2018 영어 영문학 Vol.64 No.2

This paper, postulating that Lowell’s Imagism is not some “Amygism” that wobbles with “emotional slither,” “mushy technique” and “general floppiness” as Pound once mocked, but another kind of poetic discourse that deserves the fullest re-consideration, goes back to the very scene where Pound left for Vorticism, condescendingly allowing Lowell and her supporters to use the name “Imagism” for three years. There, it tries to illuminate how Lowell, making the most of the opportunity given to her, picked up what Pound had left behind, grafted it on the soil of America, and finally fulfilled her literary passion to awaken the common reading public to the taste for poetry reading. For the purpose, it looks into her critical reviews in Tendencies in Modern American Poetry, and stresses her creative critical efforts to re-address Pound’s principles of “Imagisme.” In particular, given the limit of space, it focuses only on the second principle of her Imagism and examines the modernity of her concepts of “a cadence,” “suggestion,” and “the real poem beyond.” Then it reads “Patterns” in the context of Japanese poetry and Noh drama and analyzes the poetic patterns that Lowell made through a creative adaptation of Japanese aesthetics for Imagist poetics. In doing so, this paper aims to provide reasonable evidences to evaluate the modernity of Lowell’s Imagist ars poetica and to consider her a truly serious Imagist poet worthy of a place in the history of American poetic modernism.

Polyphenism by the level of predation risk in larval salamander, Hynobius leechii

Jihee Hwnag,Eun-ji Kim,Ho-Jin Kim,Hoon Chung 한국습지학회 2013 한국습지학회지 Vol.15 No.4

본 연구는 한국산 도롱뇽 유생(Hynobius leechii)을 대상으로 포식압의 수준이 카니발리즘적 폴리페니즘에 영향을 미치는 지 알아보기 위하여 수행되었다. 버들치의 냄새를 포식자 신호로 이용하여 (1) 높은 포식압- 하루 세 번의 포식압 (2) 중 간 포식압- 하루 한 번의 포식압 (3) 포식압 없음 세 그룹으로 나누어 채집일로부터 부화 후 일주일까지 처리하였다. 먹 이섭취로 인한 형태적 변화를 막기 위하여 실험은 기아상태에서 진행되었으며, 도롱뇽 유생은 경기도 광주, 인왕산, 수락 산에서 채집된 난괴를 이용하였다. 포식압 처리 이후 도롱뇽 유생의 머리 중 가장 넓은 곳의 길이(LHW), 눈이 있는 부분 의 머리길이(HWE). 그리고 코 끝부터 항문(SVL)까지의 길이를 측정하였다. 카니발리즘적 폴리페니즘의 측정은 HWE를 LHW로 나눈 수치(HWE/LHW)를 이용하여 통계처리를 하였고, 그 결과 포식압 수준이 증가함에 따라 HWE/LHW와 SVL 이 유의미하게 증가하는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 또한 각 포압에 따른 사망률을 조사하여 본 결과 포식압 수준에 따른 증가 를 보여, 카니발리즘적 폴리페니즘은 매우 에너지 소모적인 것으로 볼 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 통하여 도롱뇽유생은 한 정적 자원을 가진 환경에서 포식압에 의하여 카니발리즘을 일으키기 유리한 형태로 변화할 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다

Mary Wollstonecraft’s Reflections on the French Revolution in her Letters

( Jihee Kim ) 한국영어영문학회 2019 영어 영문학 Vol.65 No.4

Mary Wollstonecraft went to Paris in December 1792 to see revolutionary France for herself. Her experience in France had significant effects on her understanding of the French Revolution and even changed her earlier ideas about the Revolution. This paper traces Wollstonecraft’s view of the Revolution by examining her lesser known epistolary introduction for “A Series of Letters on the Present Character of the French Nation” and her other writings, including her reviews of other writers’ epistolary works and her personal correspondence. This paper first looks at Wollstonecraft’s reviews on Helen Maria Williams’s Letters Written in France (1790) and Catharine Macaulay’s Letters on Education (1790) to investigate Wollstonecraft’s ideas of the published epistolary writings and to illuminate their influence on her introductory letter. It also explores her personal letter to Joseph Johnson on 26 December 1792 to examine the ways in which she wrote her eyewitness account of revolutionary France in her personal correspondence. The introductory letter, written two months after her arrival in Paris, reveals her initial response to France and shows her confusion between her expectations of the Revolution and what she actually witnessed in France. By exploring the internal evidence in the introductory letter, this paper sketches out what “A Series of Letters on the Present Character of the French Nation” was like. It then examines how Wollstonecraft offered her philosophical reflection on the Revolution in this introductory letter. However, she discontinued her epistolary project and instead started writing the history of the Revolution of 1789. This paper finishes by tracing the reasons why she stopped writing the epistolary work and began writing in the genre of history.

Robert Frost’s Modernist Paradox : Part I

Jihee Han 한국동서비교문학학회 2016 동서 비교문학저널 Vol.0 No.38

Robert Frost has rarely been named in a pantheon of American modernist poets, where Ezra Pound, T. S. Eliot, Wallace Stevens, and Marianne Moore all have a place. Rather, he has often been associated with Georgian poets of the late nineteenth century and categorized as “a gentle farmer poet” of New England nature poetry or “a New England folkie” who celebrated the local Yankee spirit. Reading his biography, however, it is surprising to find that Frost actively attended all the lectures on Eastern poetry and arts and was busy with eavesdropping the latest news and avant-garde trends in New Poetry during his stay in England. This paper, thus, re-views Frost’s conscious choice to walk on the local road even after having experienced the world sentiments in London, the heart of Anglo-American literature. In particular, paying attention to his third volume, Mountain Interval, it analyses how Frost uses a common, local ovenbird as a symbol for his modernist artistic soul and how he presents his ambition to become a world-class poet by consciously becoming a local American poet and taking a flight to a new plateau through deterritorializing the spaces of literary traditions. Ultimately, it aims to examine the efficacy of a current discursive model of the core and the periphery in world literature through Frost’s modernist paradox.