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Thermal and inertial parameters of the flow field of a scramjet engine
Jigar Sura,Satheesh Kumar,Viren Menezes 대한기계학회 2015 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.29 No.11
Heat flux and pressure were measured on the internal walls of a scramjet engine at a hypersonic Mach number of 8 in a shock tunnel. Temperature-time history was recorded on model walls using fast-response thermocouples and the wall heat flux was deduced thereonfrom the temperature records. Pressure was measured at the same locations as that of heat flux using high-frequency pressure transducers. The surface measurements were used to analyze the internal flow field of the engine. The heat flux measurements revealed the regions ofpeak heating that may require additional thermal protection during the operation; the regions being the beginning of the constant areaduct and the nozzle. The pressure measurements and the pertinent analysis indicated an optimum compression at intake through shockwaves with a viable flow separation in the combustion chamber. The experimental data indicated an optimum design of the engine for apossible fuelled operation in future.
Jigar N. Shah,Kashyap N. Shah,Tejal A. Mehta 한국약제학회 2015 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.45 No.1
Promethazine hydrochloride (PMZ-HCl) is a classical anti-motion sickness drug which has oral bioavailability (25 %) due to extensive hepatic first pass metabolism. To overcome this drawback, novel, fast dissolving sublingual film (FDSF) of drug was developed. FDSF was formulated using pullulan and propylene glycol (PG) by solvent casting method. Complete taste masking was successfully obtained with HP β-CD, aspartame and grape fruit flavour. Complex of drug was proved using Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction studies. Optimization of concentration of pullulan and PG was done using 32 full factorial design. Batches were evaluated for the parameters like elongation, tensile strength, folding endurance and in vitro disintegration studies. In vitro dissolution indicated 100 % drug release within 7.5 min. Environmental scanning electron microscopy studies also showed uniform drug distribution and integrity of film. In vivo sublingual absorption in human indicated that 70 % of drug absorbed in 10 min. The stability studies indicated that label should state ‘‘Store at cool, dry place’’ at temperature 25 ˚C. So by formulating the taste masked FDSF of PMZ-HCl will give faster onset of action and avoid unnecessary drug intake leading to traveller friendly formulation.
Emerging role of nanosuspensions in drug delivery systems
Shery Jacob,Anroop B. Nair,Jigar Shah 한국생체재료학회 2020 생체재료학회지 Vol.24 No.1
Rapid advancement in drug discovery process is leading to a number of potential new drug candidates having excellent drug efficacy but limited aqueous solubility. By virtue of the submicron particle size and distinct physicochemical properties, nanosuspension has the potential ability to tackle many formulation and drug delivery issues typically associated with poorly water and lipid soluble drugs. Conventional size reduction equipment such as media mill and high-pressure homogenizers and formulation approaches such as precipitation, emulsion-solvent evaporation, solvent diffusion and microemulsion techniques can be successfully implemented to prepare and scale-up nanosuspensions. Maintaining the stability in solution as well as in solid state, resuspendability without aggregation are the key factors to be considered for the successful production and scale-up of nanosuspensions. Due to the considerable enhancement of bioavailability, adaptability for surface modification and mucoadhesion for drug targeting have significantly expanded the scope of this novel formulation strategy. The application of nanosuspensions in different drug delivery systems such as oral, ocular, brain, topical, buccal, nasal and transdermal routes are currently undergoing extensive research. Oral drug delivery of nanosuspension with receptor mediated endocytosis has the promising ability to resolve most permeability limited absorption and hepatic first-pass metabolism related issues adversely affecting bioavailability. Advancement of enabling technologies such as nanosuspension can solve many formulation challenges currently faced among protein and peptide-based pharmaceuticals.
S.M. Yadav,N. P. Singh,Kalpana A. Shah,Jigar H. Gamit 대한토목학회 2014 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.18 No.7
Unplanned and rapid growth of urban areas of developing countries poses major threat to service providers. Water supply management becomes critical aspect in the above scenario. The onus of managing its supply and distribution rests on the local government of the concerned area. Ahmedabad being world’s third largest and India’s fastest growing city has been selected for analysis of water supply services. Performance evaluation of water supply services for Ahmedabad city was carried out using nine performance indicators suggested by Ministry of Urban Development (MOUD), Government of India. The nine performance indicators as suggested by MOUD are: coverage of water supply connection, per capita supply of water, extent of metering of water connections, extent of non revenue water, continuity of water supply, quality of water supplied, efficiency in redressal of customer complaints, cost recovery of water supply services and efficiency in collection of water supplied related charges. Required data was collected from Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation. Analysis of the data suggests that among all the indicators of supply of water, cost recovery in water supply services, efficiency in redressal of customer complaints, quality of water supplied and efficiency in collection of water supply related charges showed good performance. However, metering of connection, continuity of water supply and non revenue water needs planned efforts to bring them up to the benchmark.
Pankaj Agarwal,Vinu Viswanath,Ani K. John,Mathew Sebastian,Harikrishna S,Jigar Pandya,Sagi Sravan Kumar 한국항공우주학회 2023 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.24 No.2
CFRP sandwich structures have proved themselves as a good candidate for satellite antenna reflectors due to high bending stiffness with lower mass. Bare CFRP acts as a reflector for frequencies up to Ku-band beyond which reflective properties are insufficient. Studies are carried out by researchers to improve the reflectivity of CFRP sandwich structures and one of the widely adopted methods is metallisation of the reflective surface of CFRP. Glass transition temperature (Tg) of CFRP is much below the melting point of metals, which makes the process of metalising more challenging. This is overcome by a few approaches such as chemical vapour deposition, sputtering, and cold spray. In the present study, a unique concept of metalising the CFRP sandwich dish by co-curing it with copper-cladded polyimide film is presented. To facilitate the bond between CFRP and copper-cladded polyimide film, the resin available in CFRP prepreg itself is used during the co-curing process. The procedure was successfully adopted in a high-throughput satellite payload of ISRO missions.
Brajesh C. Varshney,N.M. Ponnanna,Pranati A. Sarkar,Pragna Rehman,Jigar H. Shah 대한수의학회 2007 JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE Vol.8 No.1
Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains were collected from young diarrheic calves in farms and field. Strains that expressed the K99 (F5) antigen were identified by agglutination tests using reference antibodies to K99 antigen and electron microscopy. The K99 antigen from a selected field strain (SAR-14) was heat-extracted and fractionated on a Sepharose CL-4B column. Further purification was carried out by sodium deoxycholate treatment and/or ion-exchange chromatography. Monoclonal antibodies to purified K99 antigen were produced by the hybridoma technique, and a specific clone, NEK99-5.6.12, was selected for propagation in tissue culture. The antibodies, thus obtained, were affinity-purified, characterized and coated onto Giemsastained Cowan-I strain of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The antibody-coated S. aureus were used in a coagglutination test to detect K99+ E. coli isolated from feces of diarrheic calves. The specificity of the test was validated against reference monoclonal antibodies used in co-agglutination tests, as well as in ELISA. Specificity of the monoclonal antibodies was also tested against various Gram negative bacteria. The developed antibodies specifically detected purified K99 antigen in immunoblots, as well as K99+ E. coli in ELISA and co-agglutination tests. The co-agglutination test was specific and convenient for large-scale screening of K99+ E. coli isolates.
Khodadad Namiranian,Edward John Norris,James Gregory Jolissaint,Jigar Bharat Patel,Celeste Marie Lombardi 대한척추외과학회 2018 Asian Spine Journal Vol.12 No.5
Study Design: Pre- and post-implementation analysis. Purpose: We examined the impact of implementing multidisciplinary spine conferences—“spine board” reviews—on the general utilization of elective lumbar spine surgeries in a tertiary medical institute. Overview of Literature: A multidisciplinary approach to spine care reportedly improves the appropriate utilization of surgical spine procedures. Methods: A multidisciplinary spine board was established to review candidates selected for elective lumbar spine surgery. The board comprised representatives from orthopedic spine surgery, neurosurgery, psychology, physical therapy, radiology, pharmacy, primary care, pain management, anesthesiology, and veteran advocacy. Two similar 6-month periods were selected to study the impact of this implementation: pre-implementing (June 1, 2015 to November 30, 2015) and post-implementation (June 1, 2016 to November 30, 2016) periods. Results: Between March 1, 2016 and December 30, 2016, the spine board discussed 11 patients. All patients underwent clinical examinations and radiological assessments findings that warranted elective lumbar surgery. The board recommended non-surgical interventions before proceeding with the planned surgeries in all cases. In the pre-implementation period, a total of 101 elective lumbar spine surgeries were performed. In the post-implementation period, a total of 51 elective lumbar spine surgeries were performed (p <0.05). The surgical plan for elective lumbar spine surgery in the post-implementation period was not directly influenced by the review of spine board because none of the cases were discussed in the conferences; however, the care occurred at a hospital where the spine board was implemented. There was no significant change in the number of cervical spine surgeries performed (66 preimplementation vs. 56 post-implementation). The average surgery duration was 52 minutes shorter in the post-implementation period compared with that in the pre-implementation period (p <0.05). Conclusions: Implementation of a multidisciplinary spine board was concurrent with an overall decrease in the utilization of lumbar spine surgeries for elective cases of low back pain in a tertiary medical center.
Shahab Hajibandeh,Shahin Hajibandeh,Christina Intrator,Karim Hassan,Mantej Sehmbhi,Jigar Shah,Eshan Mazumdar,Ambareen Kausar,Thomas Satyadas 한국간담췌외과학회 2023 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.27 No.1
We aimed to compare resection and survival outcomes of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and immediate surgery in patients with resectable pancreatic cancer (RPC) or borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC). In compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement standards, a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted. Random effects modeling was applied to calculate pooled outcome data. Likelihood of type 1 or 2 errors in the meta-analysis model was assessed by trial sequential analysis. A total of 400 patients from four RCTs were included. When RPC and BRPC were analyzed together, neoadjuvant CRT resulted in a higher R0 resection rate (risk ratio [RR]: 1.55, p = 0.004), longer overall survival (mean difference [MD]: 3.75 years, p = 0.009) but lower overall resection rate (RR: 0.83, p = 0.008) compared with immediate surgery. When RPC and BRPC were analyzed separately, neoadjuvant CRT improved R0 resection rate (RR: 3.72, p = 0.004) and overall survival (MD: 6.64, p = 0.004) of patients with BRPC. However, it did not improve R0 resection rate (RR: 1.18, p = 0.13) or overall survival (MD: 0.94, p = 0.57) of patients with RPC. Neoadjuvant CRT might be beneficial for patients with BRPC, but not for patients with RPC. Nevertheless, the best available evidence does not include contemporary chemotherapy regimens. Patients with RPC and those with BRPC should not be combined in the same cohort in future studies.
Psychiatric Comorbidities in Adults with DiGeorge Syndrome
Hiren Patel,Ramu Vadukapuram,Zeeshan Mansuri,Chintan Trivedi,Kanwarjeet Singh Brar,Uzma Beg,Jigar Patel,Aalamgeer Ibrahim,Muhammad Khalid Zafar 대한정신약물학회 2022 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.20 No.3
Objective: DiGeorge Syndrome (DGS) is a common multisystem disorder associated with deletions on chromosome 22q11.2. Our objective is to evaluate the psychiatric comorbidities and demographics of patients suffering from DGS in a nationally representative dataset on inpatient hospitalizations. Methods: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample for the year 2005−2017 was used for this study. Data on patients with DiGeorge syndrome were collected by using the International Classification of Diseases code. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: In our study, the average age was 30.4 years (n = 6,563), with 59.9% male, and 61.8% of patients were white. There was a high prevalence of mood disorders (24.7%) and anxiety disorders (16.4%), followed by schizophrenia and other psychotic condition (14.0%). In patients with mood disorders, 8% had Major Depressive Disorder, and 7% had bipolar depression. Overall composite of psychiatric comorbidities was present in 2,959 (45.1%) of patients. The mean length of stay was 6.58 days, and 77% of patients had routine discharge to home. In the adjusted analysis, the average length of stay was 8.6 days vs. 6.7 days (p < 0.001) in patients with and without psychiatry comorbidities. In comparison to routine discharge, patients with psychiatry comorbidities were more likely to be discharged to other healthcare facilities (odds ratio [OR]: 1.28, p < 0.001) and discharged against medical advice (OR: 3.45, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Patients with DGS have worse outcomes with a higher rate of discharge to other healthcare facilities and a higher rate of being discharged against medical advice. Further large scale randomize studies are indicated.